Plastic Cards Research Articles

Analysis on the Customers Usage of Gift Cards and Gift Vouchers through Online Payment in Coimbatore

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary consumer culture, the concept of gift-giving has undergone a profound transformation. Gone are the days when selecting the perfect gift involved hours of browsing crowded malls and meticulous consideration of personal preferences. Enter the era of Online Gift Cards—a revolution in the art of gifting that has not only streamlined the process but has also added a new layer of versatility and personalization to the age-old tradition of exchanging presents. A Online Gift Card, in its simplest form, is a prepaid card that carries a monetary value and is typically issued by retailers or businesses. These cards have transcended traditional gifting norms, offering recipients the freedom to choose their desired items from a vast array of products or services. The evolution of Online Gift Cards has been a fascinating journey, marked by technological advancements, shifting consumer behaviors, and a redefinition of the emotional and social aspects associated with gift-giving. The origins of Online Gift Cards can be traced back to the mid-20th century when retailers began experimenting with the idea of providing customers with a convenient alternative to traditional gift certificates. However, it wasn't until the late 20th century and the early 21st century that Online Gift Cards truly gained widespread popularity, becoming a ubiquitous and preferred choice for both gift-givers and receivers. The transition from tangible, paper-based gift certificates to sleek, plastic cards with magnetic strips or electronic chips marked a pivotal moment in the evolution of gift-giving. One of the primary reasons behind the meteoric rise of Online Gift Cards is their unparalleled convenience. Unlike traditional gifts, which may require exhaustive deliberation and might still miss the mark, Online Gift Cards empower both givers and recipients with flexibility. Givers no longer need to navigate the labyrinth of individual preferences, sizes, or colors, and recipients no longer have to feign enthusiasm for ill-fitting sweaters or mismatched kitchen appliances. Instead, the Online Gift Card offers a passport to a retail wonderland or a digital marketplace where the possibilities are as diverse as the personalities of the recipients.

Mid-infrared optical coherence tomography with a stabilized OP-GaP optical parametric oscillator.

We demonstrate mid-infrared time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) with an orientation-patterned GaP optical parametric oscillator. Instantaneous broadband mid-infrared spectra provide reduced scattering for OCT applications including cultural heritage, quality assurance, and security. B-scan calibrations performed across the wavelength tuning range show depth resolutions of 67 µm at 5.1 µm and 88 µm at 10.5 µm. Volumetric imaging inside a plastic bank card is demonstrated at 5.1 µm, with a 1 Hz A-scan rate that indicates the potential of stable broadband OPO sources to contribute to mid-infrared OCT.

Development of an immunochromatographic test strip to detect pneumolysin by monoclonal antibody capture method

BackgroundThe currently available methods for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae are labour-intensive, and involve time-consuming steps needing skilled technicians to perform the assays. Therefore, we developed a rapid lateral flow based immunochromatographic test strip for detection of S. pneumoniae using pneumolysin using monoclonal antibody capture approach. Methodology − The strip was designed by assembling a sample pad, conjugation pad, nitrocellulose membrane and adsorbent pad supported by a plastic backing card. Optimization of control spot was done by using three different concentrations of monoclonal antibody (0.1 µg, 0.25 g and 0.5 µg). Monoclonal antibody coupled with gold nanoparticles was immobilized on conjugate pad. Recombinant pneumolysin at three different concentrations (10 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml) was used. Diluted pneumolysin was poured onto the sample pad which migrated through the conjugate pad containing gold antibody conjugate and the antigen–antibody complex migrated to the test spot to bind to the polyclonal antibody. The remaining free antibody bound to the control spot to visualize a control spot. Results: Control spot was optimized at 0.5 µg of mouse IgG. Of three different concentrations of Pneumolysin, the spot was best visualized at 50 ng/ml Pneumolysin concentration. Conclusion: Our ICT based device could detect a commercially available recombinant Pneumolysin of S. pneumoniae. Future study is directed to validate the strip for detection of Pneumolysin using biological fluids of patients (particularly children) infected with S. pneumoniae.

DEVELOPMENT OF RETAIL BANKING SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

The article examines retail banking services, their importance and how they are improving in the context of digital transformation. In the article, using the data of 14 commercial banks in Uzbekistan, the number of observations is 280. The dependent variable is the deposit practice of commercial banks, the independent variables are the credit practice of commercial banks, the remote services of commercial banks and the practice of commercial banks with plastic cards, analyzed through several models.The research shows that when we analyze 3 models based on panel data, the Random effects estimator (REE) model econometric equation of the impact of retail banking services development practices in the national economy today is Y=0.59x1+0.08x2+0.22x3-1.66 is the most optimal model. Accordingly, regarding the choice between the Fixed effects estimator (FEE) model and the Random effects estimator (REE) model, the Hausman test is used to determine which model is more suitable. The test compares the estimates from two models and tests whether the difference between them is statistically significant. If the p-value of the test is greater than the significance level (usually 0.05), then the Random effects estimator (REE) model is preferred because it allows for unobserved heterogeneity not accounted for in the Fixed effects estimator (FEE) model.In this case, the p-value of the Hausman test is equal to 0.36, which is greater than 0.05. We use the Random effects estimator (REE) model to analyze the impact of the practice of developing retail banking services in the national economy today based on panel data. We came to the conclusion that it is suitable.

Analysis of Credit Card Fraud Detection Performance Using Random Forest Classifier & Neural Networks Model

Credit card fraud is one example of data manipulation in the e-commerce industry. Because credit card fraud is so common, preventing it can be difficult. Therefore, it is important to identify credit card fraud as soon as it occurs. Determining the validity of a transaction is a fraud detection process. Credit/ Debit cards/ any financial services are small plastic cards given to members of certain financial organizations with proper identity and verification. This research is quantitative research that uses a dataset that has been verified and classified as fraudulent or non-fraudulent transactions. This research will limit itself to credit card fraud detection methods that use Neural Networks and Random Forest Classifier algorithms. Using publicly available credit card transaction data as a starting point, this study will examine how well machine learning algorithms do overall in identifying credit card fraud. First of all, we check for the presence of duplicate values in the data set. The result of this check shows that there are no duplicate values in the set, marked with the value ‘False’. Next, we focus on class in the target variable ‘Class’. The output of this check shows the wide variety of samples for each class in the goal variable ‘Class’. In this example, class 0 has 284.315 samples and class 1 has 284.315 samples. Based totally on the studies performed, it is possible to conclude that the usage of machine learning algorithms, together with Random Forest Classifier and Neural Networks, can be effective in detecting credit card fraud. The results of the algorithm performance analysis show that the model developed can identify fraudulent transactions accurately. In addition, the data preparation stages, correlation analysis, and model performance evaluation also contribute to understanding potentially fraudulent credit card transaction patterns.

Bank Customers’ Perception Towards Debit Cards in Sholinganallur, Chennai

The term "plastic money" refers to the sturdy plastic cards that are used in daily life in place of real banknotes. One sort of innovation that allows consumers to access banking services without having to limit their use to official banking hours is the use of plastic cards. consumers can utilize these services simply by possessing the card that the bank issues. They are available in a variety of formats, including shop cards, credit cards, debit cards, and pre-paid cash cards. For the study, both primary and secondary data were employed. In Sholinganallur, Chennai, bank clients using debit cards provided the primary data. There are 300 people in the study's sample. ANOVA, factor analysis, and descriptive statistics are the instruments utilized in the analysis. According to the study's findings, 55% of clients of public sector banks in Sholinganallur and 72% of holders of plastic money at private sector banks indicated satisfaction with the type and caliber of services they received. The paper seeks to examine how Sholinganallur consumers view debit cards.

Unraveling the Essence of Cybersecurity in Banking: Preserving Financial Integrity and Building Confidence

There are more plastic cards in the wallet than currency notes. This change is because the Indian banking industry, is going through an IT revolution to be competitive with the other developed and developing nations and other regulatory reason has led to total banking automation in the Indian Banking Industry. According to KPMG-CII report, India has the capability to become the third largest by 2025 and fifth largest in the world by 2020 in the banking industry. Also, India’s banking industry is worth Rs. 81 trillion and it is utilising latest internet infrastructure to be competitive to other economies. The Indian banking system consists of 26 public sector banks, 20 private sector banks, and 43 foreign banks, together with 61 regional rural banks (RRBs) and over 90,000 credit cooperatives. The change towards internet banking is intensified by the changing dynamics in India as it is about to become one of the youngest countries in the world by 2020, the average age being 29 years. And this young population is technology savvy and wants real time online information. As the users of the online banking will increase rapidly in the years to come, these systems are becoming the most likely targets of hackers and cyber criminals. Banking institutions must take all measures to make online banking system safe, to maintain the customer trust and satisfaction level for online banking. To be protected by the cyber security threat banking institutions will have to develop effective and efficient customer awareness programs as safety from cyber threats related to bank are equally interdependent 2024on the level of awareness of using the banking online system and does not solely depend on the safeguards and practices implemented by the bank. This makes it very difficult for banking institutions to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the banking system. The research will try to assess whether there is awareness of threats of online banking among the users that comprise online banking and to further analyse whether there is a difference in awareness of the users on the basis of Age and Gender.

Barium molybdate up-conversion nanoscale particles with IR-LED chip, temperature sensing, and anti-counterfeiting applications.

Barium molybdate nanoparticles exhibiting up-conversion luminescence were synthesized via the solvothermal method. Analysis revealed a prominent signal corresponding to the (112) plane in the XRD pattern, indicating the tetragonal structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy detected the symmetric stretching frequencies of MoO4. When excited at 980 nm, the nanoparticles emitted a green spectrum with peaks at 532 and 553 nm. The luminescence intensity varied with the excitation light source, supporting the mechanism involving energy transfer from Yb-doped Er ions via the two-photon effect of the up-conversion phosphor. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited diminished luminous intensity with increasing temperature, suggesting potential for flexible composite sensor fabrication. Integration with a 980 nm LED chip yielded a green emission color. Furthermore, when applied to banknotes, plastic cards, fabrics, and artwork, the opaque solution mixed with polymers remained invisible to the naked eye; however, under 980 nm laser irradiation, the distinct green color became apparent, offering a viable approach for anti-counterfeiting measures.

Dye-doped cellulose nanocrystals as novel dusting powders for visualizing latent fingerprints.

Powder-dusting method based on the visual contrast between the background surface and powder-covered ridges of a fingerprint is widely used to develop the invisible latent fingerprints (LFPs) left at crime scenes. Recently, the development of nano-sized powders with excellent optical performances has been extensively explored. In this work, we employed environmentally friendly and low-toxicity cellulose nanocrystals as the novel support. Using dye-doped cellulose nanocrystals as novel dusting powders, two dyes (phenylfluorone and curcumin) were adsorbed on the cellulose nanocrystals by a simple batch adsorption method. The dye-doped cellulose nanocrystals (namely, phenylfluorone-doped cellulose nanocrystals (PDCN) and curcumin-doped cellulose nanocrystals (CDCN)) containing 2% of the loaded mass of both the dyes with bright green fluorescence were developed to visualize LFPs on the surfaces of various substrates (such as glass slide, printing paper, orange plastic card, tile, stainless steel, compact disc, red plastic packing, copper foil and aluminum foil). Images of the LFPs can been obtained by both the dye-doped cellulose nanocrystals with sufficient affinity to the ridges of LFPs. High-quality ridge details with features at the second and third level can be detected by CDCN, whereas PDCN only display the secondary-level features of ridge details. Compared with PDCN, CDCN illustrate higher sensitivity, higher selectivity, and better contrast, especially for detecting fresh and non-fresh LFPs on porous and non-porous substrates, and has the potential for practical use in forensic science.

B-016 Automated Next Generation Sequencing Fluidic-Based Device for Sample to Library Preparation: A Flexible Solution for Rapid Decentralized Sequencing for Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Abstract Background In addition to the established use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), such as drug resistance monitoring in HIV, the recent COVID19 pandemic has shown the crucial need of NGS technologies as tools for identification of clinically relevant variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Typically, in these settings, to be cost-effective most NGS analyses were conducted using larger batch sizes often resulting in long turn-around times of 2–3 weeks the need of trained personnel, and centralized testing facilities. Methods We have developed an easy to use automated fluidic-based benchtop device to bridge a perceived gap in NGS library preparation and provide a solution for decentralized testing that does not require specially trained personnel. With a batch size of 6, smaller hospitals and laboratories can perform NGS library preparation on fresh or archived samples with a fast turn-around-time of two days, facilitating earlier reporting to speed up diagnosis and treatment. The Helaxy NGS fluidic device performs sample nucleic acid extraction and a 2-step PCR in a plastic fluidic card, which is the sole consumable required for the extraction and library prep process.The sample is applied to the fluidic card by manual pipetting followed by loading of the card into the device. Nucleic acids are extracted with a combination of magnetic bead pull-down and centrifugal force in a purification chamber to give an eluate that is spun to a separate PCR chamber that uses the concept of thermal induction and cycling. Barcoding for library preparation follows within the same PCR chamber and the resulting product is transferred into another fluidic card for size selection purification, normalization and pooling to generate a library for input into compatible NGS sequencers, e.g., but not confined to, Illumina instruments. Results In order to demonstrate clinical utility we have shown that the Helaxy NGS fluidic device can successfully extract nucleic acid from at least three sample types: SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs, HIV RNA from plasma and 16S RNA from stools. Using in-house and commercial assays, we have generated libraries of target amplicons using the fluidic device workflow followed by sequencing with Illumina sequencers iSeq and MiSeq. Sequencing results analysed and reported by the Helaxy NGS Bioinformatics Reporting Pipeline revealed expected variants and mutations in the samples. We correctly identified all the unique mutations such as L211del and G446S in commercially available inactivated Omicron BA1 variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as characterised drug-resistant mutations such as L90M in the Protease gene and D67N and Y181C in the Reverse Transcriptase gene in commercially available inactivated HIV-1 virus. Conclusion The Helaxy NGS fluidic device can thus effectively provide an easy-to-use automated solution for sample library preparation in decentralized facilities to reduce the turn-around-time from sample collection to result reporting for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS AND THE WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT

The article ‘’Contemporary problems of technological risks and ways of development ‘’ describes the role of technical risks in the economy of Georgia and the search for ways of its development. The problems that stand in this direction are mentioned. Today, in the era of technologies, the degree of technical risks increases in direct proportion of the development of technologies, which has become a heavy burden for users. Today, each of us uses plastic cards or simply has an account in some social network, and all this automatically puts us at technological risk. Therefore, the most frequently discussed issue is precisely the technical risks and possible serve consequences caused by them. Electronic commerce and internet banking are also noteworthy as the object of attack. Thus, we think that the topic is relevant. The paper discusses the changes that have been made to mitigate these risks. The results of the research are given, the analysis of which gives an idea of the quality of the existing technological risks and ways of elimination. The problems that prevent the better development of technological risks throughout the country are mentioned: 1. Lack of support from the government. 2. Unqualified staff. 3. Inadequate legislation in terms of cyber security. 4. Inadequate insurance of cyber risks. The article presents the results of survey conducted within the framework of the study and relevant statistics. 1. The government should find more support for people affected by technological risks. 2. Specialists employed in the field should be retrained. 3. Legislation should be refined and become victim-friendly. 4. Improve cyber security insurance. Taking all this into account will help’ to solve the problems in technological risks throughout the country. The article contains the opinions ad advice of the authors, seen from the point of view of scientists and its implementation in practice will help to effectively conduct the activities of the filed. Keywords: Technological risks. Cyber security. Economy. Plastic cards. Government. Insurance.

DIGITAL SERVICES AND PORTALS FOR MIGRANTS IN THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

DIGITAL SERVICES AND PORTALS FOR MIGRANTS IN THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

Objects of forensic documentary science

The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of the transformation of the “document” concept as an object of forensic research and to the identification of the main directions of development of forensic documentary science. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical, formal-logical, formal-legal approaches, and a number of general scientific methods (historical, functional, praxeological). The systematic approach has ensured the comprehensive nature of the study and the unification of its results with a general theoretical conclusion. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of promising areas for the development of an innovative methodology for conducting forensic document examination in the context of the use of special technical means and the methodology for the use of modern software products.
 With the development of digital technologies, forensic science, in particular documentary science, has faced a significant number of new objects that require different approaches to research methods and tools. The transformation of the document as an object of forensic document science has significantly increased the demand for innovative technologies for research, making it necessary to integrate science and digital technologies in the investigation of crimes. The increase in the number of offences requiring the examination of electronic data storage devices poses new challenges for forensic experts, requiring modern means of recording and comparing them with standards. Forensic document research has acquired a different meaning and faced new challenges. With the development of digital technologies, forensic documentary requires the improvement of methods and means of researching information storage media.
 The transformation of the “document” concept has led to its definition as a carrier of information regardless of the way it is recorded. In parallel with the study of the classical written paper document, forensic science has in a short time mastered the methods and means of studying plastic cards, digital storage devices and electronic money. Forensic science defines a document as an object such as video documents, photo documents, film documents, etc. The current level of research is not determined by the traditional comparison with a reference sample, and sometimes such a sample does not exist at all. The research of a document cannot be considered complete without determining the originality of the information it contains, without comparing this information with other possible storage media of the same information.

The Use Of Specific Expertise While Research On Documents Made In The Form Of Plastic Cards

Abstract. The article highlights issues related to the rising circulation of documents made on the basis of plastic cards in Ukraine and the increase in offenses involving their use. Timely application of specific expertise, the necessity of which is determined by the specificity of the objects, is of particular importance in the investigation of offenses characterized by forgery of plastic cards. Supplementing the methodology for plastic card research using specific expertise should be used in combination with possibilities of traditional forensic examination.
 The article covers questioned document examination that is most often used in proceedings in which research objects are forged plastic cards. Emphasis is made on the characteristics of plastic cards and their protection against forgery as the main research objects. It is emphasized that means of card security, often referred to as security elements, include the following: graphic record, embossing, barcodes, magnetic stripe coding, chip, and laser recording.
 The analysis of forensic examinations conducted during the pre-trial proceedings concerning forged vehicle registration certificates and driver’s licenses is provided. The article details peculiarities of forgery production and stresses issues that cannot be solved with the help of traditional forensic examination methods. The application of specific expertise is possible within advisory activities concerning identification of potential violations involving forged plastic cards.
 The author has concluded that there is a need to conduct multidisciplinary expert research on plastic cards. This research would determine: whether the card submitted for study has been forged and how the forgery has been executed; whether the card has been produced by the issuing enterprise; and whether the examined card has been made from the same materials and on the same technological equipment as other cards from the same batch, etc.
 Diverse methods of committing violations using plastic cards, use of modern technical means by the offenders, and the insufficient informational support of investigators and forensic experts during a pre-trial proceeding lead to low effectiveness in revealing such types of offences.

The Genesis of the Implementation of Forensically Significant Information (by Operative Units of the National Police and Bank Security Services) Obtained During the Preliminary Expert Forensic Investigation of Plastic Means of Payment

The development of market relations made for appearance of new practice in Ukraine. Bank operations, commerce agreements and mutual payments are conducted by means of plastic charge means (hereinafter PCM). Nowadays it is PC Market, which is developing dynamically in Ukrainian economy. It is to advantage of initiators, who introduce plastic cards (hereinafter PC) into practice, in particular, banks, to obtain commission, expand business spheres on different scale, broad consumer services and attract more clients. The cited above makes business of commercial structures promising and profitable. In their turn PC holders have some advantages. They need not have a huge sum of cash on them, fulfill some ceremonial functions characteristic of other ways of cashless settlement. PC facilitates obtaining goods and services on credit automatically without drawing up operations in a bank directly. Very soon settlements through PC can take leading stand among Cashel payments due to their universality and advantages.

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS AND STUDYING THE CURRENT SITUATION IN STRENGTHENING THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES BANK OF BANKS IN AZERBAIJAN

Topicality. In recent decades, radical changes have taken place in the institutional architecture of central banking in the world, and modern central banks have become an important institution of macroeconomic stability. The most important anchor of macroeconomic stability is price stability. The fact that prices are low and less volatile allows business to plan investment decisions more correctly, and to optimize the savings and consumption costs of the population. Price stability is also an important social indicator. Price changes directly affect the budget of 2.1 million families living in Azerbaijan. Currently, with the development of the electronic payment system, high activity of credit organizations in the direction of reducing paper technologies is observed. This process is typical: an increase in the issuance of plastic cards, an increase in the turnover and balance in card accounts, and the expansion of services using bank cards are characteristic of this process. During the development of the plastic market, different types of plastic cards are created, which differ in their purpose and technical characteristics. Transactions with bank plastic cards open up new perspectives for financial services to clients of local banks.Aim and tasks. In connection with the expansion of digital payments in Azerbaijan, it is to investigate the features of financial management in banks and to study the current and prospective effects of digital payments in the formation of financial resources of banks.Research results. During the study, the types, characteristics, and effects of the digital payment system on economic processes were studied.Material and methods. Statistical calculations, sample observation, synthesis, regression analysis were used in the study. Regression analysis consists of steps such as selecting the model type, calculating the parameters, constructing the model, and assessing its suitability and accuracy. The level of accuracy of the model characterizes the degree of deviation of the actual values of the dependent variable from the values obtained on regression models. Estimates such as average relative error, average absolute error, standard error are used to estimate the level of accuracy.Conclusion. It is important to improve and develop the infrastructure of banks in order to present the applications of banks in the field of digital banking to the wider public.

Pengaruh Intensitas Penggunaan Kartu Plastik dan Mobile Payment terhadap Consumer Behavior: Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of ATM cards and the use of mobile payments on consumer behavior in FEBI UINSU students. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data collection used a questionnaire with a simple random sampling technique of 98, but I rounded it up to 100 respondents. With an active student record of 2021 FEBI UINSU. The use of plastic cards and mobile payments contributes 89.4% to consumer behavior, the remaining 10.6% is explained by other variables outside this research model. The results of the t test concluded that the variable use of plastic cards and mobile payments had a positive and significant effect on consumer behavior (consumption behavior) in FEBI UINSU students. Based on the ANOVA test, the F-count was obtained at 411,118 which was greater than the F-table (3.09), it was concluded that the use of plastic cards and mobile payments had a simultaneous effect on consumer behavior (consumption behavior) of students at the Islamic Economics and Business Faculty of UIN Sumatra Utara. Keywords: Plastic Card, Mobile Payment, Consumer Behavior, Consumption Behavior, Intensity

VARIANT OF ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTIFICATION SYSTEM BASED ON 2D (QR) CODE.

Due to the development of digital technologies in the modern world, the requirements for life support systems and society, as well as for the documents involved in the work of these systems have increased significantly.There are many examples of such systems and almost all of them use documents in the form of a plastic card. As these are documents, the issues of protection of systems from unauthorized access are relevant, namely, the availability of security features and the reliability of the processes of identification and authentication of users.The article analyzes the existing "electronic elements of protection" and electronic elements of personalization of modern documents, namely the types, characteristics, processes of functioning.The evaluation of electronic security elements was carried out.It is established that the degree of security of the document is influenced by two main factors, such as access control and reading procedure, protected by basic access control.A protection system based on the personalization element is proposed.Such a system can be used as an analogue of more expensive options for the organization of access control at facilities, due to its simplicity, the likelihood of unauthorized access to algorithms and the process of its elements. The implementation of this system at checkpoints can significantly improve the management and security of the security system, the crossing process controlled area.The direction of further research is the development of a system with the transfer of personalized information from documents directly to the databases of machine reading systems.However, the most important parameter will remain the stability and protection against unauthorized interference in the operation of machine-readable electronic systems.

Research and development of a two-factors face authentication system using an invisible F-QR code on ID card by 1064 nm laser and AI camera

The face authentication system using two security factors: an invisible F-QR (face QR) code printed on an ID card and face recognition using AI camera is presented in this paper. F-QR codes with facial features are generated by a chain processing of face detection, face property extraction and QR code generation. The F-QR code is printed on a plastic ID card using a 1064 nm fiber laser. The ID card is made of special materials, including a layer of filter material that allows the 1064 nm laser to pass through while blocking visible lights so that the printed F-QR code on the card is invisible to the human eye or conventional QR code readers. Face authentication is implemented using a dedicated invisible F-QR code reader combined with an AI camera to decide the Cosine similarity between two face feature vectors to make an accurate decision for the authentication.

Electronic Money in Iraq: Reality and Challenges

The aim of our research is to shed light on electronic money in Iraq and the extent of its development during the time period in which we conducted our study, which began in the year 2017, where the impact of the salary settlement law for employees in the public and private sectors, which caused an increase in the use of electronic cards used. We tried through our research this definition of money The electronic money, which consisted of (magnetic plastic cards, electronic instruments and others), and then explained the characteristics of that money from the regular money that we used to use, which is paper money or metal alike, in addition to addressing the impact of its use on the banking sector in any country, as well as we explained the advantages of using Electronic money with an explanation of its risks that may lead to some reluctance to use it. As for the second topic, we touched on the reality of electronic money in Iraq, where we worked to clarify the settlement that the Central Bank carried out with the Iraqi government and the percentages of achievement achieved until the year 2020, in addition to the spread of money changers. The mechanism in Iraq and the percentage of money transferred by companies (Zain, Asia Hawala, Nass Iraq) adding the market share of each portfolio, and then we were raised to the obstacles to the development of electronic money in Iraq, leading to conclusions and recommendations