Plaster Surfaces Research Articles

Use of Geological Maps in Detecting Asbestos-Related Diseases; A New Region in Anatolia.

To examine the potential relationship between the presence of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) in the region of Kastamonu, Turkey. The places of birth of patients with ARDs and control subjects diagnosed between 2008 and 2019 and identified in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul. Soil samples were taken from plaster surfaces and quarries. The analysis was done with transmission electron microscopy. ARDs was detected in 55(17.9%) of 307 participants. Patients had a mean age of 68 ± 11 years. Residential proximity to ophiolites increased ARD incidence by 6.2% per kilometer ( P = 0.003). Birthplaces were identified as being inside an ophiolitic unit, or if they were not, the Google Earth software was used to determine the beeline distance between the settlement's center and the edge of the closest ophiolitic unit. The appropriate threshold for this case is 12.75 km, with 75% sensitivity and 87% specificity. ARDs due to naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) are present in hitherto unknown places. Geological maps including ophiolites can help locate these places.

Long-lasting residual efficacy of Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS on different surfaces against Anopheles stephensi, an invasive malaria vector.

Anopheles stephensi, a malaria-transmitting mosquito species, has developed resistance to various insecticides such as DDT, Dieldrin, Malathion, and synthetic pyrethroids. To combat this issue, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests using Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS for Indoor Residual Spraying to tackle pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. The aim of this research project was to evaluate the susceptibility of An. stephensi to certain insecticides at the diagnostic concentration + intensity 5x diagnostic concentration (5XDC) assays in Iran and to study the lasting effectiveness of Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS against this particular malaria vector. This study assessed the susceptibility of An. stephensi populations in southern Iran to various insecticides, including deltamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, malathion 5%, bendiocarb 0.1%, a synergist assay with PBO 4% combined with deltamethrin 0.05%, and an intensity assay using 5x the diagnostic concentration of deltamethrin (0.25%) and bendiocarb 0.5%. Laboratory cone bioassay tests were conducted to determine the residual effectiveness of Actellic®300 and Icon®10CS insecticides on different surfaces commonly found in households, such as cement, mud, plaster, and wood. The tests were carried out following the WHO test kits and standard testing protocols. The An. stephensi populations in Bandar Abbas were found to be susceptible to malathion 5% and deltamethrin 0.25% (5XDC), but exhibited resistance to DDT, standard concentration of deltamethrin, and both standard and intensity concentrations of bendiocarb. In laboratory cone bioassay tests, An. stephensi mortality rates when exposed to Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS on different surfaces remained consistently more than 80%. Actellic®300CS achieved more than 80% mortality on all substrates for the entire 300-day post-spraying period. Conversely, Icon®10CS maintained mortality rates more than 80% on plaster and wood surfaces for 165 days and on mud and cement surfaces for 270 days post-spraying. Both Actellic®300CS and Icon®10CS demonstrated 100% mortality within 72 h of each test on all surfaces throughout the entire 300-day post-spraying period. The study shows the varying levels of resistance of An. stephensi Bandar Abbas population to different insecticides and demonstrates the consistent performance of Actellic®300CS in controlling these mosquitoes on various surfaces. The findings suggest that long-lasting CS formulations may be more effective for malaria vector control compared to the current options. Further research is needed to validate these findings in field settings and assess the impact of these insecticides on malaria transmission.

Determination of the efflorescence defects on concrete and plaster surfaces using a novel deep-learning model

Efflorescence is a common problem in concrete and masonry structures. It occurs when soluble salts in the material are dissolved by water, and then carried to the surface where the water evaporates, leaving behind the salt deposits. In recent years, the construction industry has seen the development of deep learning methods to detect defects and damages such as efflorescence during the service life of structures. These advanced techniques offer more efficient and accurate ways to identify and address issues, improving the overall quality and durability of structures. This study aims to identify efflorescence damage using an innovative deep-learning model. In this scope, 617 different images were taken showing efflorescence defects on concrete and plaster surfaces. A custom dataset was created by labeling the efflorescence regions from the images taken and this dataset was trained using the YOLOv8x model. The accuracy, recall, precision, mAP50, and mAP50-95 performance measures obtained from the YOLOv8x model are 0.962, 0.902,0.991, 0.851, and 0.6334 respectively. According to these performance metrics, efflorescence damage was considerably detected. Finally, the model was tested by taking efflorescence damage images from different concrete and plaster surfaces. The study indicated that detecting efflorescence defects on light-colored surfaces in the model was difficult, with a low detectability rate. Algorithms can be developed to detect efflorescence damage more effectively on light-colored surfaces.

Marble and pitch: Original data on Roman wall revetment, the example of the Saint-Martin-au-Val sanctuary (Chartres, France)

The rising water table has saved some of the marble decorations in the ancient sanctuary of Saint-Martin-au-Val. It has also preserved materials of organic origin. Yet a grey to black material has appeared associated with large stone shims visible on the plaster surface. These shims are known from Roman plasters. They are traditionally understood to be fitting elements, but this remains hypothetical. The material used is unprecedented: a kind of mortar made from pitch, beeswax and marble grains. It was obviously used to glue the shims to the underside of the marble slabs. These shims therefore had a completely different function: they were actually used to hold the marble parietal decoration in place, adding points of contact between the decoration and its plaster.

Improving mixed-reality neuronavigation with blue-green light: a comparative multimodal laboratory study.

This study aimed to rigorously assess the accuracy of mixed-reality neuronavigation (MRN) in comparison with magnetic neuronavigation (MN) through a comprehensive phantom-based experiment. It introduces a novel dimension by examining the influence of blue-green light (BGL) on MRN accuracy, a previously unexplored avenue in this domain. Twenty-nine phantoms, each meticulously marked with 5-6 fiducials, underwent CT scans as part of the navigation protocol. A 3D model was then superimposed onto a 3D-printed plaster skull using a semiautomatic registration process. The study meticulously evaluated the accuracy of both navigation techniques by pinpointing specific markers on the plaster surface. Precise measurements were then taken using digital calipers, with navigation conducted under three distinct lighting conditions: indirect white light (referred to as no light [NL]), direct white light (WL), and BGL. The research enlisted two operators with distinct levels of experience, one senior and one junior, to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The study was structured into two distinct experiments (experiment 1 [MN] and experiment 2 [MRN]) conducted by the two operators. Data analysis focused on calculating average and median values within subgroups, considering variables such as the type of lighting, precision, and recording time. In experiment 1, no statistically significant differences emerged between the two operators. However, in experiment 2, notable disparities became apparent, with the senior operator recording longer times but achieving higher precision. Most significantly, BGL consistently demonstrated a capacity to enhance accuracy in MRN across both experiments. This study demonstrated the substantial positive influence of BGL on MRN accuracy, providing profound implications for the design and implementation of mixed-reality systems. It also emphasized that integrating BGL into mixed-reality environments could profoundly improve user experience and performance. Further research is essential to validate these findings in real-world settings and explore the broader potential of BGL in a variety of mixed-reality applications.

Relationship between the evolution of organic impurities and properties of β-hemihydrate phosphogypsum

Transforming phosphogypsum (PG) into β-hemihydrate gypsum plasters is one of the most effective and high-value-added pathways to consume and utilize PG. However, the relationship between the evolution of organic impurities and the properties of gypsum plaster is still unclear. In this paper, the composition and evolution of organic impurities, including pure organic matter (PO) by flotation and polyacrylamide (PA), were characterized, and their influence on the dehydrate behavior of PG and water requirement for normal consistency, setting time, mechanical strength, microstructure, and appearance of gypsum plasters at the calcination temperature of 150 °C and 200 °C were explored. The results showed that at 150 °C, PA and PO could increase the water requirement for normal and setting time of gypsum plaster and reduce the mechanical strength due to the reduced wettability and bonding strength causing by their intact structure and covering on HPG surface. At 200 °C, decomposed products of PO containing P-O-P and OH- groups could interact with Ca2+ and inhibit the dissolution of hemihydrate gypsum, resulting in coarsened crystals, thereby reducing the compressive strength. PA could partially decompose into the micro-molecular polymer and cover on the hydration products, leading to an increased densification compared to 150 °C. Besides, organic impurities could cause blackening, spots, and mildew on the gypsum plaster surface.

Development of computational thinking for dental students in the use of the intraoral impressions’ technique

The accuracy of intraoral impressions is critical for making well-fitting restorations. The possibility of digitalizing the patient's mouth has once been intended for Dentistry, however, the accuracy of dental impressions for different clinical applications is still resisted by professionals. Thus, the understanding of Dentistry students can facilitate the use of the digital technique. The aim of this study was to develop the computational thinking of dentistry students for the use of the intraoral impressions’ technique. Information was collected through searches in Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases using the words "digital printing", "dimensional impression accuracy", "dental impression technique", "intraoral scanner" and "Dentistry digital" in Portuguese or English. Factors such as temperature variation, time period between casting and molding, plaster surface wettability and disinfection procedures may result in material distortion and affect accuracy. Patients commonly report greater comfort when using digital impression techniques and less impression than for conventional impression techniques. Based on this literature review, the intraoral scanning over the years will replace the conventional impression, as it is currently a reliable method, and as accurate as the conventional impression, being in some cases even more precise, in addition to offering greater comfort to the dentist and patient; thus, it is extremely important for dental students to incorporate the computational use of this technique into their learning.

The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Gypsum Board Manufactured from Water Hyacinth and Coconut Fiber

This article's purpose was to investigate the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of gypsum boards. At dosages of 50:100, 75:75, and 100:50 by mass, gypsum plaster (GP) Type 1 was substituted with coconut fiber (CF) and water hyacinth fiber (WHF). While the mechanical qualities of the gypsum board were standard on the TIS 219-2552, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to notice their morphological characteristics. The ASTM C518 standard was used to measure the thermal conductivity (k). Referring to test results, the morphological characteristics of the GP incorporating CF and WHF showed rather roughness, clearly separated both fibers from the plaster surface. Gypsum board voids were reduced compared to WHF. As the void size increased, the thermal conductivity of gypsum boards combined with CF and WHF tended to decrease. Eventually, the bending forces (FL) and water absorption (AW) of the gypsum board with CF mixed WHF were found to be deficient for compliancy with the TIS 219-2552 standard.

Degradation phenomena of Templo Pintado painted plasters

Weathering processes of Templo Pintado (Painted Temple) caused by environmental and climatic agents have been investigated in this work. The temple is part of the archaeological complex of Pachacamac, situated in a desert area of Western Peru characterized by high relative humidity, temperature, relevant winds, and remarkable solar radiation. These atmospheric conditions result in wet-dry cycles and wind erosion, eventually inducing pulverization, exfoliation, and detachment in plaster and painted surfaces. The seasonal variation of atmospheric conditions was monitored on a daily basis for five years, revealing that the seasonal cycles exhibit great similarity. Experimental results show a linear correlation between loss of material and environmental temperature. In particular, degradation increases with temperature rises. Moreover, high temperatures are combined with stronger winds and drying of materials (wet-dry cycles), which contribute to accelerating degradation kinetics.

Cleaning testing of nineteenth-century plaster surface models with thin polyacrylamide-based gel layers attached to flexible polyethylene films

This paper explores the cleaning efficacy of polyethylene-supported 15-min photo-crosslinked poly (acrylamide-co-benzophenone) surface-attached gels (SAGs) on gypsum plaster surface models inspired by nineteenth-century casts. Cleaning tests were performed on plaster surface models with and without organic and inorganic coatings, which had been exposed to accelerated ageing by heat, humidity, and light after artificial soiling. The specific types of SAG systems were selected based on their water loading and dehydration capacities. The SAGs were loaded with customized solutions and applied on the plaster models for one minute. Cleaning efficacy was evaluated with visible reflectance, UV fluorescence photography, scanning electron microscopy, colorimetry, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, glossimetry, high resolution 3D microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 2D Fourier transform infrared imaging. The SAGs provided fast and minimal wetting of the substrates, prevented excessive liquid spreading and allowed the effective liquid contact with the soiled gypsum plaster surface. A striking removal of soils from the gypsum plaster surface models was observed, which suggests convenient application of the SAG systems for the cleaning of historical plaster objects.

Laboratory study on shrinkage and cracking behavior of historic earthen plaster

Grottoes are widely distributed along the ancient Silk Road in Northwest China, and wall paintings are among the most precious cultural relics in these grottoes. On-site investigation of some grottoes has revealed that these wall paintings are painted on earthen plaster and that most of them have a double-layer structure of plaster, i.e., a base coarse plaster layer (with wheat straw added) and a surface fine plaster layer (with hemp fibers added). Meanwhile, studies regarding the improvement in shrinkage and cracking behaviors via ancient plaster craftsmanship have been scarce. To investigate the specific effects of different material compositions on the shrinkage and cracking properties of plaster during desiccation, a series of laboratory shrinkage and cracking tests is conducted on plaster specimens composed of Dengban clay and quartz sand, vegetal fibers, and a potential restoration material (i.e., calcined ginger nut), respectively. The results show that adding sand and vegetal fibers can significantly increase the shrinkage limit of Dengban clay and inhibit its volume shrinkage and that vegetal fibers play an important role in the inhibition of surface cracking on plaster. Sand inhibits shrinkage by forming a skeleton in soil and reducing the formation of primary cracks. Fibers inhibit soil shrinkage by overcoming the suction between soil particles and preventing the formation of primary cracks. However, wheat straw cannot deform with the shrinkage of soil (e.g., hemp fibers); consequently, many subcracks appear around the wheat straw on the surface of coarse plaster. As a typical lime-based restoration material, calcined ginger nut paste presents slight shrinkage and a low surface crack ratio during desiccation, which demonstrates its good application prospect in plaster restoration.

PRODUCTION OF «ENSONITE» CARDBOARD AT THE SVETOGORSK PULP AND PAPER MILL IN THE 1910S - 1980S IN THE CONTEXT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION

On the basis of archival materials and published sources introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the article examines the problems of adapting technologies obtained by the USSR as a result of World War II to Soviet production conditions. A number of them have been developed as a result of cooperation between industry and research institutes, which has allowed them to find new areas of application. Thus, the Ansonite cardboard, as it was replaced in construction with other materials, began to be used for insulating plastered surfaces and water supply pipes. The publication focuses on the impact on the production process of the transition of production from TU (technical specifications) to GOSTs (state standards). In conclusion, it was concluded that the successful development of cardboard production was associated with long-term cooperation between production and research institutes, which ensured the production of new types of «Ensonite» cardboard.

Meroitic building techniques: some observations from Abu Erteila (Sudan). Сonstruction materials and methods.

The article is devoted to the general tendencies in the architecture of the Meroit period (c. 3rd century BC – 4th century AD) of the Kingdom of Kush (c. 9th century BC – 4th century AD), local building materials and technologies that determined the distinctive appearance of Meroitic architecture. Construction activity under Natakamani and Amanitore rules covered almost the entire territory of the state. By the 1st century BC the Meroe district had significant resources and became a large centre of monumental architecture, around which cult complexes were built in the neighboring settlements, such as Hamadab, Awlib and Abu Erteila. This construction was achieved not only through stone mining, but also through applying advanced building methods, sophisticated brick-making techniques, and combined materials (mud brick and fired brick, iron and sandstone, wood and plaster), as the second part of the article describes the 1st century AD at Abu Erteila temple complex. The dimensional and proportional analysis and the description of the building materials and architectural elements used were applied to two small Meroitic temples (main one small ) found at Kom II in Abu Erteila. The analysis of the main temple's dimensions showed that its construction had taken the form of an Egyptian royal cubit (52.3sm). The preliminary excavations showed the proportions of 8:5, which had been recorded in the plans and facades of many other temples of the Meroitic period. The materials used for the construction of these two temples demonstrated the mixed technique of building used by the Meroites, when mud bricks were used for the main mass of the walls, fired bricks were used for the facing of the walls and the pylon, and moulded bricks of burnt red clay and sandstone were used for the architectural elements. Three types of foundations can be traced in the temple complex, which varied depending on the time of construction, height of the walls or specific features of the site soil. Methods to control swelling and cracking of the ground along the plastered surfaces with paintings close to the ground level are also documented. The various passageways in the two temples had thresholds of burnt bricks or dark sandstone, pilasters along the sides, and pillar stones for single or double doors, showing the well-developed construction in many temples of this historical period. Consequently, many of the surviving sandstone architectural details (columns, cornices, friezes, torus mouldings, water spouts, elements of relief decoration etc.) found inside and near the main temple, based on the unified style of various temples in the region, allowed to make an early general reconstruction of the temple.

The Bio-efficacy of Inesfly vesta 50 (Transfluthrin 0.5% w/w) insecticidal paint: An alternative vector control intervention against Anoheples gambiae mosquitoes under laboratory condition, Keffi, Nigeria

Malaria remains a major public health concern. Particularly in Nigeria where more than 80% of the cases are reported and locally among natives in Nigeria. There are serious indication of insecticide resistance in Nigeria. Under PMI/Vectorlink laboratory condition, cement plaster surface and wooden board were brushed with a primer within 24-48hours before the paint application. The inesfly vesta 50 (transfluthrin 0.5% w/w) insecticide paint was applied at the dosage of 8m2/L for cement and wooden board drying at room temperature for 5 days. The plastic cones were fixed on the treated walls and wooden board at 0.5m, 1.0m, and 1.5m parameters height, after which 10 non-blood fed females mosquito were gently introduced into the cone chamber for 30- 60 minutes observation. The holding paper cups were kept under favourable temperature of 27oc and humidity at 70%. In a dose trial finding, the data obtained were analyzed in IBM SPSS version 23.0 using ANOVA and the results presented as mean ± standard deviations of triplicate observations showed 100% yield (100.0±0.00*) mortality of malaria vector of novel trial with 0.5% w/w transfluthrin painted substrates in 24hours post exposure to 6months post application, except that, at l.5m in the month of July, 98% knockdown/mortality was recorded which follow same sequence of method and procedure in the application on the substrate absorbency, though, results showed high level of susceptibility from February to July (100% mortality rate). Results from wall cone and wooden board bio-assay residuality was alarming, with very high kill rates observed after 24hours post exposure. From the treated bio-assay of inesfly vesta 50 (Transfluthrin 0.5% w/w) by possible means showed that, this formulation is effective on malaria vector and possibly other insects. This suggests that, the transfluthrin 0.5% w/w can be tried alongside other known application with organophosphate, pyrethroids and the carbamate group, and can reduce human mosquito contact and impact on the perennial malaria transmission.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITIES AT CHICHEN ITZA: A FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF STRUCTURE 2D6

AbstractThe structure of power underlying the hegemonic control Chichen Itza held over the Northern Maya Lowlands has been debated for decades. In this article, we present the idea of a dominant discourse on masculinities, which played a fundamental role in both practice and on a symbolic level among the strategies designed to support this emblematic pre-Columbian capital. Our discussion of archaeological evidence will focus on spaces where men are represented, where they would meet and carry out rituals. We contend that gallery-patios such as Structure 2D6 served as instruction and socialization locales for groups of warriors. The architectural configuration of this building is very similar to a series of venues at Chichen Itza and other Mesoamerican cities. In these spaces, associated iconography depicts male individuals in processions and ritual practice, including sacrifice and self-sacrifice. We argue that the gallery of Structure 2D6 was a semi-public, performative space, whose theatricality combined the central alignment of a sacrificial stone and a throne or altar with the presence of several patolli boards carved into the building's plaster floor. Chemical analyses of plastered surfaces testify to intense activities taking place around all three of these features.

Uptake and reactivity of formaldehyde on lime-cement-plaster under typical indoor air conditions

Inorganic construction materials are chiefly envisaged as structural materials. However, they provide unexplored interfaces with characteristic surface chemistry to interact with indoor gases. This work proposes for the first time an insight on uptake abilities of lime-cement-plaster toward indoor pollutant. Because of toxicity and regulation policies, formaldehyde is selected as representative indoor pollutant. This work explores gas-material interaction to elucidate fate of formaldehyde onto lime-cement-plaster and addresses air quality impact. Uptake and fate of formaldehyde onto plaster is addressed using Field and Laboratory Emission Cell coupled with SIFT Mass Spectrometer. The experimental sequence is continuously deployed on 90 days to address realistic and long-term behaviour of formaldehyde uptake. Experimental approach evidences that from 65 to 77% of formaldehyde inlet concentration is continuously taken up on plaster samples throughout experimental sequence. Concomitantly, methanol is observed showing the reactivity of formaldehyde uptake on this material-class. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy evidences that formaldehyde undergoes heterogeneous Cannizzaro reaction on the plaster surface. This surface reaction proceeds with adsorbed formaldehyde, even in the absence of gaseous pollutant supply. The quantitative balance of the disproportionation process is proposed along the experimental sequence to clarify the fate of formaldehyde encompassing gaseous and adsorbed-phase. The evidenced surface process can impact formaldehyde budget in indoor air, thus relevant parameters are determined to allow further implementation of this reactive contribution to indoor air quality models. This work settles perspectives for passive mitigation of indoor formaldehyde, and points at the need to address reaction products for their indoor air quality impact.

Colourful treasure on Shanghai’s Bund: uncovering original paint finishes in the Chinese Banking Hall of the former HSBC Building

The former HSBC Building, today occupied by Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, is one of the largest iconic buildings on the Bund in Shanghai. Designed by Palmer & Turner in the neoclassic style, the building was completed in 1923. Restoration of the interior of the Chinese Banking Hall, located within the southwestern corner of the building, is now underway. This rectangular room features four columns in the centre and stucco decoration on parts of the walls; the ceiling originally had a distinctive, vibrantly colourful design in a bold mix of Western and Chinese styles. The only extant documentation of the banking hall’s original decoration includes black-and-white photographs and a short, written description. Today, all the plaster surfaces are covered over with several layers of white and cream-coloured paint finishes. A preliminary analysis of the hall’s decorative finishes was conducted to determine the colours, paint materials, and condition of the original paint layers. The investigation revealed that in some sections, the original paint was very brittle. Restoration by exposing the finishes in the entire room (removing the modern layers covering the original one) did not appear feasible. This article investigates the results of the following: assessing the condition of the paint materials; identifying the significance of the decorations; the challenges facing the room’s conservation; and potential conservation options for the room’s decoration.

A Study of Song Dynasty Polychrome Statue-Making Techniques and Materials in the Sage Mother Hall of the Jinci Temple, Shanxi, China

The polychrome statues of the Sage Mother Hall at the Jinci Temple in Taiyuan city are recognized as one of the three masterpieces of the Jinci Temple. They are also regarded as an outstanding representative of ancient Chinese temple statues. These statues possess great historical, artistic, scientific, cultural and social values, and they are an important physical material for the study of ancient Chinese history, culture, religion, politics and economy, as well as science and technology. The internal structure, plaster layer samples and surface pigments of the polychrome statues of the Sage Mother Hall were analyzed by optical microscope (OM) scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-radiography and other analytical methods in order to gain an understanding of the production process and pigment composition of the polychrome statues of the Sage Mother Hall. According to the findings, the following steps were taken during the production of the polychrome statues that decorate the Sage Mother Hall at Jinci Temple: building a wooden skeleton, fixing the skeleton with rivets or twine, shaping the clay form with coarse clay, shaping the appearance with fine clay, refining the molded appearance, and white substrate layer painting. The majority of the pigments are inorganic mineral pigments: the red pigments include cinnabar and minium; the blue pigments include ultramarine; the green pigments include lavendulan; the yellow pigments include yellow ochre; the black pigments include carbon black; and the white pigments and substrate layers include white lead and lead sulfate. Some of the pigment layers can be seen in multiple layers, which indicates that over the history of the painted statues of the Sage Mother Hall, they have been subject to a series of repainting, with the more recent repainting time perhaps having taken place during the late Qing Dynasty and the following time period.

SL Sensor: An open-source, real-time and robot operating system-based structured light sensor for high accuracy construction robotic applications

High accuracy 3D surface information is required for many construction robotics tasks such as automated cement polishing or robotic plaster spraying. However, consumer-grade depth cameras currently found in the market are not accurate enough for these tasks where millimeter (mm)-level accuracy is required. This paper presents SL Sensor, a structured light sensing solution capable of producing high fidelity point clouds at 5 Hz by leveraging on phase shifting profilometry (PSP) codification techniques. The SL Sensor was compared with to two commercial depth cameras - the Azure Kinect and RealSense L515. Experiments showed that the SL Sensor surpasses the two devices in both precision and accuracy for indoor surface reconstruction applications. Furthermore, to demonstrate SL Sensor's ability to be a structured light sensing research platform for robotic applications, a motion compensation strategy was developed that allows the SL Sensor to operate during linear motion when traditional PSP methods only work when the sensor is static. Field experiments show that the SL Sensor is able to produce highly detailed reconstructions of spray plastered surfaces. The robot operating system (ROS)-based software and a sample hardware build of the SL Sensor are made open-source with the objective to make structured light sensing more accessible to the construction robotics community.

Evaluation of residual and fumigant effects of Deltamethrin WG250 on different surfaces against Anophels stephensi for malaria control

Malaria is one of the public health problem in southern Iran. The main activity of vector control is indoor residual spraying using pyrethrpids. The aims of study was to evaluate the biological assays of deltamethrin WG250 at different surfaces of wall. The persistency of deltamethrin WG250 at 25 mg/m2 was studied on different local surfaces of rooms such as plaster and mud surfaces (sorbent) as well as wooden and thatch roofs (as non-sorbent). Contact bioassays were carried out using WHO standard cones and lab-bred sugar-fed, 48-72 h old females of Anopheles stephensi (Iranshahr strain). In contact bioassays carried out on sprayed surfaces for 150 days. Deltamethrin WG250 (25 mg/m2) caused 43.43-100.0% on sorbent surfaces and 61.11-100.0% on non-sorbent surfaces and persist about 3.5 months in the environmental condition of Saravan district. The fumigant bioassay of deltamethrin WG250 revealed 50-100% mortalities after one month.