Plasma Display Panel Research Articles

High Efficient Address Driver With Fast Mode Change in a Plasma Display Panel

In a plasma display panel, optimal address driving mode for reducing address power varies depending on the input image and thus the optimal addressing modes of adjacent scan lines are different. To reduce address power for various input image, address driver needs to operate adaptively according to input image, in which fast mode change is required. This paper proposes a fast mode change method in which the efficiency of LC resonance is improved. In the proposed method, the conventional RC mode and the modified picture-based adaptive (M-PBA) mode are used. In the proposed scheme, the efficiency of LC resonance is almost the same as that in picture-based adaptive scheme while the speed of addressing mode change is improved. Experimental results show that address power of the proposed method is reduced by 17% compared with previous work.

Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of NH4Dy(PO3)4

Polycrystalline powders of NH4Dy(PO3)4 polyphosphate have been grown by the flux method. This compound was found to be isotopic with NH4Ce(PO3)4 and RbHo(PO3)4. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a=10.474(6)Å, b=9.011(4)Å, c=10.947(7)Å and β=106.64(3)°. The title compound has been transformed to triphosphate Dy(PO3)3 after calcination at 800°C. Powder X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies and the differential thermal analysis have been used to identify these materials. The spectroscopic properties have been investigated through absorption, excitation, emission spectra and decay curves of Dy3+ ion in both compounds at room temperature. The emission spectra show the characteristic emission bands of Dy3+ in the two compounds, before and after calcination. The integrated emission intensity ratios of the yellow to blue (IY/IB) transitions and the chromaticity properties have been determined from emission spectra. The decay curves are found to be double-exponential. The non-exponential behavior of the decay rates was related to the resonant energy transfer as well as cross-relaxation between the donor and acceptor Dy3+ ions. The determined properties have been discussed as function of crystal structure of both compounds. They reveal that NH4Dy(PO3)4 is promising for white light generation but Dy(PO3)3 is potential candidates in field emission display (FED) and plasma display panel (PDP) devices.

Flat panel detector based on a shadow mask plasma display panel

AbstractA flat panel detector based on the structure of a shadow mask plasma display panel is analyzed in terms of the electron amplification factor when used in the Townsend mode. The detector consists of a metal shadow mask and two ultra‐thin glass substrates with electrodes depositing on them. The shadow mask divides the detecting area into arrays of independent cells. The electron gain and linearity of the device are investigated by simulation based on the particle‐in‐cell/Monte Carlo collision model. Similar experiments are carried out. Both experimental and simulation results show that the linearity of the detector is significant. The applied voltages and the effective cathode area are parameters affecting its gain. As the avalanche process in the center of the cell with small electric field strength is much smaller than that near the shadow mask edge, the gain increases exponentially with the anode voltage but decreases with the negative shadow mask voltage. The balance between effective cathode area and high electric field intensity near the shadow mask edge provides room for future optimization of the detector. In conclusion, the flat panel detector is a promising component in a detection system for high energy radiation, and the wide application of the device is expected.

17.4: Fluid Simulations and Experiments for Ultra‐Thin Shadow‐Mask PDP

AbstractAn ultra‐thin shadow mask plasma display panel is suitable for double‐sided display and 3D display. A self‐consistent fluid model is used to analyze the discharge characteristics of the ultra‐thin SMPDP cell. The discharge processes of ultra‐thin SMPDP and normal SMPDP are almost same proved by fluid model and ICCD images. Moreover, both the simulation and experimental results indicate that the discharge efficiency can be highly improved by using the ultra‐thin glass as dielectric layer for its 50‐70μm thick and 6.7 dielectric constant in ultra‐thin SMPDP compared to normal SMPDP especially in high Xe ratio.

Luminescent investigations of Li6Lu(BO3)3:Tb3+, Dy3+ phosphors

In our novel work we report the luminescence properties of Terbium (Tb3+) and Dysprosium (Dy3+) ions in Li6Lu(BO3)3 (lithium lutetium borate) phosphors with its specific and productive use in various luminescent display systems. We have synthesized Tb3+ and Dy3+ doped Li6Lu(BO3)3 phosphors by the solid state reaction method. Concentration based optimization of activators is attained i.e. 2mol% for Tb3+ and 5mol% for Dy3+. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and FE-SEM (Field emission-scanning electron microscopy) were used to analyze the overall morphologies, crystalline structures and the grain sizes of the prepared phosphors. Moreover, the grain size of 20μm is confirmed via Scherrer’s formula. In order to characterize the luminescence properties of the synthesized phosphors, we measured its X-ray induced luminescence, proton induced luminescence and UV induced photoluminescence. Under UV luminescence Dy3+ doped phosphor, it displayed seven obvious peaks corresponding to transitions from 6H15/2 (f9) ground state to higher energy state of 4f9 whereas, UV-emission spectrum of Li6Lu(BO3)3:Tb3+ phosphor has shown five major transitions with each peak consists of several smaller lines, confirming the complicated transition (5Dj→7Fj) behavior of Tb3+. The light yield calculated for Li6Lu(BO3)3:Tb3+ is 75% that of (Y,Gd)2O3:Eu3+ phosphor which is a well known commercially available material for PDP (Plasma Display Panel). It is observed that due to the presence of Lutetium, the synthesized phosphor has high effective atomic number (Zeff=52) as well as high molecular weight (M.Wt=393g/mol) which makes lithium lutetium borate one of the promising candidates for X-ray imaging in medical field. Furthermore, the presence of 6Li and 10B could make Li6Lu(BO3)3 phosphor as a potential neutron detector.

Combustion synthesis and luminescent properties of metal yttrium borates M3Y2 (BO3)4:Eu3+ (M = Ba, Sr) for PDPs applications

The polycrystalline powder samples of Eu3+ activated; mixed metal yttrium borate phosphors M3Y2(BO3)4 (M = Ba, Sr) with improved color purity of red emission for plasma display panels (PDPs) were prepared by solution combustion technique. The synthesis is based up on the exothermic reaction between the fuel (Urea) and oxidizer (Ammonium nitrate) .The heat generated in the reaction is utilized for auto combustion of ingredients. The formation of desired product and crystal structure was confirmed by powder XRD technique; while particle morphology was studied using FE-SEM. Samples under 254 and 147 nm excitation showed intense and pure red emission around 613 nm corresponding to the electric dipole 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+, CIE chromaticity coordinates of synthesized phosphors was found to be (x = 0.67, y = 0.32) close to National Television Standard Committee (NTSC) for red color; found suitable to employ in plasma display panels (PDPs) applications.

Combustion synthesis and photoluminescence study of novel red phosphor (Y1−x−y, Gdx)BaB9O16:Eu3+y for display and lighting

An efficient and chromatic red emitting borate host phosphors (Y1−x−y,Gdx)BaB9O16:Eu3+y were prepared by a simple route of solution combustion technique for different composition of host (0⩽x⩽0.97, y=0.03). The synthesis is based up on the exothermic reaction between the fuel (urea) and oxidizer (ammonium nitrate). The heat generated in reaction is utilized for auto combustion of ingredients. Crystal structure and phase formation of product was identified by powder XRD technique while particle morphology was studied by FE-SEM. The photoluminescence (PL) properties under 252nm ultraviolet (UV) and 147nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation were investigated. It was found that for increasing concentration of Gd dominant emission shift towards longer wavelength and more chromatic side while for optimal doping concentration of Gd3+ ions an intermediate role for energy transfer mechanism from sensitizer to activator is highly efficient which increase transition probability of electric dipole of 5D0→7F2 of Eu3+ ion to emits pure and intense red line at 615nm. This phosphor could be potential candidate for plasma display panel (PDPs) and mercury free lamps.

The effects of total gas pressure and Xe partial pressure on the properties of plasma display panels with two-opposite-electrode cells

The effects of total pressure and Xe partial pressure on the characteristics of an alternating-current plasma display panel with a two-opposite-electrode discharge cell configuration and a three-electrode surface-discharge cell configuration were investigated in terms of the following electro-optical properties: breakdown voltage, sustain voltage, wall charge transfer curve, infrared emission characteristics, luminance and luminous efficacy. Despite the longer discharge gap length, the results of the experiment and three-dimensional plasma simulation indicated that the opposite-discharge configuration has a significantly lower breakdown voltage than the surface-discharge configuration. Furthermore, the ratio of the increase in the breakdown voltage for the opposite-discharge configuration to the incremental Xe partial pressure was found to be smaller than that of the surface-discharge configuration. Because of its low driving voltage and possible use of high-Xe partial pressure, the opposite-discharge mode exhibited a higher luminous efficacy compared with the surface-discharge mode. These results indicated that the two-opposite-electrode discharge cell configuration has a cost reduction potential in electronics as well as high efficacy for plasma displays.

Synthesis, structural and optical properties of SrZrO3:Eu3+ phosphor

Eu3+ activated Sr1−xEuxZrO3 (x=0.01−0.04) phosphor with perovskite structure was successfully synthesized by using combustion method. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the material were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrometry. The XRD results indicated that crystals of SrZrO3:Eu3+ belongs to tetragonal perovskite system. The phosphor could be effectively excited by UV light and the emission spectra results indicated that reddish-orange luminescence of SrZrO3:Eu3+ due to magnetic dipole transition 5D0→7F1 at 593 nm was dominant. Thus, the prepared phosphor showed remarkable luminescent properties which find applications in field emission display (FED) and plasma display panel (PDP) devices.

Industrial demand and integrated material flow of terbium in Korea

The integrated material flow analysis methodology uses bottom-up flow analysis for primary and secondary resources and top-down flow analysis for the distribution structure. By combining the advantages of the top-down and bottom-up methods, the integrated material flow analysis Methodology can overcome the limitations of each method. Using the IMFAM, this study investigated the material flow of terbium in 2011, in Korea. Terbium was used to produce 3-wevelength fluorescent lamps, liquid crystal display back light unit, plasma display panel and so on. 7,239 kg of terbium was required to produce the intermediate product in Korea. Among total terbium used to produce intermediate products, 2,592 kg the part of the fluorescent lamp, 4,984 kg the part of flat panel display, which were used, 107 kg, was exported and 46 was put in collect stage. In the part of the 3-wevelength fluorescent lamp, terbium’s use was expected to gradually increase for needs of consumers. But in the part of flat panel display, terbium’s use is expected to gradually decrease. The use of terbium is expected to decrease in others. This MFA results represent the materials flow of terbium in Korea and can be used to predict demand through investigations on the demand industry.

Vacuum ultra-violet emission of plasma discharges with high Xe partial pressure using a cathode protective layer with high secondary electron emission

In this work, the mechanism of the vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) emission of plasma discharges, with high Xe partial pressure and high ion-induced secondary electrons emission protective layer, is studied by measuring the VUV light emission directly and comparing it with two-dimensional simulations. From the panel measurement, we find that the high intensity of excimer VUV mainly contributes to the high luminous efficacy of SrCaO-plasma display panels (PDP) at a low sustain voltage. The unchanged Xe excitation efficiency indicates that the electron temperature is not decreased by the high secondary electrons emission protective layer, even though the sustain voltage is much lower. From the two-dimensional simulations, we can find that the ratio of excimer VUV to resonant VUV, which is determined by the collision rate in the discharge, is only significantly affected by the Xe partial pressure, while it is independent of the sustain voltage and the secondary-electrons-emission capability of protective layer. The unchanged average electron energy at the moment when the electric field becomes maximum confirms that the improvement of the VUV production efficiency mainly is attributed to the increase in electron heating efficiency of a PDP with high ion-induced secondary electrons emission protective layer. Combining the experimental and the simulation results, we conclude about the mechanism by which the VUV production is improved for the plasma display panel with a high Xe partial pressure and a cold cathode with high ion-induced secondary electrons emission.

Power-efficient drive circuit for plasma display panel

This paper proposes a power-efficient drive circuit for plasma display panels (PDPs). The proposed circuit reduces reactive power consumption by varying the inductance for energy recovery and by separating the grounds of the sustain and data drivers. Power consumption due to discharge current is reduced by using two soft-switching inductors for the pull-up switches in the bridge circuit. Power consumption for data addressing is reduced by using a dc voltage source to bias the ground for the sustain driver. The proposed circuit was tested on a 50″ full-HD single-scan PDP which had a sustain discharge gap of 80μm; total power consumption to display the dynamic broadcasting content of IEC 62087 was ∼40W (14.5%) less than that required by the conventional drive circuit, and the EMI level for 2<f<9MHz was reduced significantly. The experimental results demonstrate that a high performance power-efficient PDP drive circuit can be built using the proposed method.

Energy Transfer and Tunable Luminescence of NaLa(PO3)4:Tb3+/Eu3+ under VUV and Low-Voltage Electron Beam Excitation

Series of NaLa(PO3)(4):Tb3+/Eu3+ phosphors were prepared by a hightemperature solid-state reaction technique. Structure refinements were performed based on powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. VUV-UV-vis photoluminescence (PL), fluorescence decays, time-resolved emission spectra (TRES), and low-voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were utilized to investigate the luminescence and energy transfer processes. Under VUV-UV light and low-voltage electron beam excitation, NaLa(PO3)(4):Tb3+ and NaLa(PO3)(4):Eu3+ exhibit characteristic emissions of Tb3+ (D-5(4) --> F-7(J)) and Eu3+ (D-5(0) --> F-7(J)), respectively. By adjusting the doping concentration of Eu3+ ions in NaTb0.70La(0.30-x)Eux(PO3)(4), tunable emission colors are realized in a large color gamut, in which energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ was observed and discussed in detail. On the basis of the good VUV-vis PL and CL properties, NaLa(PO3)(4):Tb3+/Eu3+ phosphors might be promising for applications in plasma display panels (PDPs) and field emission displays (FEDs).

Removing As, Ba, Cu and Zn from Waste Plasma Display Panel Glass by Electrokinetics

Due to shorter and shorter life span and the rapid development of flat panel display, plasma display panel (PDP) is now becoming a new kind of e-waste. In order to remove heavy metals, such as As, Ba, Cu, Zn, from waste PDP glass, electro-kinetic process was introduced and factors that affect heavy metal removing rate were investigated. Results showed that HNO3 concentration and PDP adding amount could significantly impact heavy metal removing rate, while current density was on the opposite. Heavy metal removing rate increased first and then decreased as the time extension. When PDP powders was 2 g, 9 mL 5 mol/L HNO3 was added, current density was 200 mA/cm2 and time was 6 h, the removal rate of As, Ba, Cu, Zn were 71.02%, 95.87%, 92.50% and 97.70%, respectively. As, Ba, Cu and Zn distributions in the cathode, anode and middle chamber varied as changing particle size, HNO3 concentration, current density. Generally, most Cu was concentrated in cathode chamber, and Zn in the anode chamber, while As and Ba would be in both cathode and anode chamber. As, Ba, Cu and Zn, in the middle chamber, no more than 10%, were the lowest among the three.

Development of a Ray-Tracing Optical Simulation Model of Plasma Display Panel

A ray-tracing model is developed for accurate optical simulation of plasma display panel (PDP). Thorough spectroscopic characterization of materials properties is carried out, based on which four types of material models of PDP layer materials are developed and incorporated in the cell model. Four test panels with different bus electrode structures are fabricated, the geometrical structure of which is measured and reflected in the ray-tracing model. Plasma fluid simulation is carried out to derive the spatial distribution of the ultraviolet light in the cell and the total number of Xe species. Simulation results show that the simulated panel reflectances are consistent with the experimental values within 3% error. In addition, the normalized angular luminance profiles obtained by simulation agree well with the measured results. However, the on-axis luminance value of the PDP panel, which is affected by both optical and plasma simulation, cannot be predicted accurately by this study.

Technology development strategy for radical product meaning

Product meaning is important for consumers. Although there exists a substantial amount of research concerning product meaning, the issue that has centred on the relationship between technology and meaning has remained. In this paper, we examine how the companies conducted their technology development aimed at improving product specifications or generating new meanings (improving product languages) for consumers. To this end, we propose a framework that describes an association between technologies and meanings. A case study within the plasma display panel (PDP) industry raises the possibility that mainstream research has shifted from a focus on specifications to a focus on languages. Further, as the growing diffusion rate of PDP, as well as a quantitative analysis of patents described in this paper, illustrate that Japanese manufacturer Panasonic has engaged in both technological and design research concurrently. Results show that technological research and design research are mutually dependent.

Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Based PDP Driver

A cost-effective and high-efficiency driver is proposed for plasma display panels (PDPs) by eliminating switching devices with high current ratings. The proposed driver is based on a neutral -point clamped inverter structure, and the path switches can be eliminated without reducing the flexibility in designing driving waveforms. Moreover, the LC resonant operation during the sustain period can be constructed with only unidirectional diodes in aid of the switching scan IC devices. Thus, the proposed driver can produce a PDP driving waveform with no path switches as well as no resonant switches. Since the path switches and the resonant switches are practically implemented with several semiconductor devices in parallel due to high gas-discharge and capacitor displacement current, the proposed driver can considerably simplify the overall driver with fewer semiconductor devices. Additionally, high conduction losses from the path switches and the resonant switches with high current loading can be eliminated in the proposed driver, leading to higher efficiency. The developed driver also places the clamping diodes to recover the inductive energy trapped in the resonant inductors due to the inevitable diode reverse-recovery phenomena.

룩업 테이블 및 서브필드 맵핑을 이용한 계조 레벨 간 3D 크로스토크 저감 기술 구현

3D crosstalk is one of the disturbing things to recognize 3D images. This is caused by the phenomenon that input image for left eye is transferred at the right eye and right eye is transferred at the left eye because of the imperfect isolation by the device characteristics. In this paper, we review the 3D PDP (Plasma Display Panel) operation using active shutter glasses and crosstalk measurement method and investigate the major cause of 3D crosstalk and extend conventional 3D crosstalk using full white and full black image input to Gray-to-Gray (GtoG) 3D crosstalk. We suggest a specific method to reduce Gray-to-Gray 3D crosstalk by using Look up Table (LUT) and sub-field mapping in PDP. And then, we verify the method by measuring GtoG 3D crosstalk rate through specific test images and numerical results.

Exoemission Properties of PDP Protective Layers

The priming properties of four different types of protective layers inside plasma display panels (PDPs) are compared, using undoped MgO, Si-doped MgO, Sc-doped MgO, and MgCaO (15%) plasma protective layers. In a two-electrode type of PDP, the statistical spread in discharge formation time is measured, as a function of the waiting time from 5 μs to 50 ms, after excitation by a different number of sustain cycles (1-1024) at 200 and 10 kHz. The results are interpreted in terms of the delayed emission of exoelectrons from these oxide cathodes. The kinetics of the emission process is compared with that of the existing recombination emission models. An exocurrent contribution is present in all of the materials that decays with the square root of the waiting time. It is proportional to the electron density itself, and can qualitatively be explained by a three-particle Auger electron loss mechanism.

Low-Cost High-Efficiency PDP Sustaining Driver with a Resonance Bias Level Shift

A highly efficient sustaining driver is proposed for plasma display panels (PDPs). When the PDP is charged and discharged, the proposed sustaining driver employs an address voltage source used in an addressing period. A voltage source is used for fully charging the panel to the sustaining voltage, and an initial inductor current helps the panel discharge to 0 V. The resonance between the panel and an inductor is made by shifting the voltage and current bias level when charging and discharging the panel. As a result, the proposed circuit can reduce power consumption, switching loss, heat dissipation, and production cost. Experimental results of a 42-inch PDP are provided to verify the operation and features of the proposed circuit.