Plasma Copper Concentrations Research Articles

Association of Copper Status with Lipid Profile and Functional Status in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Copper can affect cellular oxidation and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of copper status with lipid profile and functional status in patients with ALS. A cross-sectional study was carried out including 27 patients with ALS (case group) and 26 healthy individuals (control group). Copper status was evaluated by habitual dietary copper intake, plasma copper, and serum ceruloplasmin concentrations. The lipid profile included analysis of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (TGL). The functional status of patients with ALS was assessed by the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R). In the case group, plasma copper was lower compared with the control group (133.9 versus 164.1 μg/dL, p=0.0001) and was positively correlated with HDL-c (rs=0.398, p=0.044). In the control group, plasma copper was positively correlated with serum ceruloplasmin (rs=0.646, p < 0.001), TC (rs=0.446, p=0.025), LDL-c (rs=0.445, p=0.029), and HDL-c (rs=0.479, p=0.015), and serum ceruloplasmin was positively correlated only with LDL-c (rs=0.407, p=0.043). In the case group, dietary copper intake (B=−0.373, p < 0.001), plasma copper (B=−0.005, p=0.033), and TC (B=−0.312, p=0.001) were inversely associated with the functional status of patients with ALS. In contrast, serum ceruloplasmin (B=0.016, p=0.044), LDL-c (B=0.314, p=0.001), HDL-c (B=0.308, p=0.001), and TGL (B=0.062; p=0.001) were positively associated with their functional status. In conclusion, this study suggests a disturbance of copper status and its connection with the lipid profile in patients with ALS. Furthermore, copper status and lipid profile may influence the functional status of patients with ALS, standing out as potential biomarkers of disease severity.

Effects of cupric chloride on coagulation in human plasma: role of fibrinogen.

Copper poisoning is associated with severe multiorgan injury and potentially death if chelation therapy is not administered. Of interest, while important gastrointestinal and urinary tract hemorrhage is associated with copper poisoning, very little is known concerning the nature of copper induced coagulopathy. Using thrombelastography, we assessed changes in coagulation kinetics in human plasma following exposure to copper concentrations encountered during poisoning. While time to commence coagulation was not compromised, both velocity of thrombus growth and final strength were diminished. This result was duplicated with one concentration of copper in factor XIII deficient plasma. This pattern of coagulation kinetic response was interpreted as copper mediated fibrinogen dysfunction, perhaps via oxidation of key fibrinogen disulfide bridges. Lastly, experiments wherein glutathione was added implicated copper generated radical oxygen species as one of the mechanisms responsible for compromised coagulation kinetics. While chelation therapy is the key to survival following copper poisoning, perhaps this and future investigations of how copper affects coagulation may provide insight into effective supportive therapy for patients with active bleeding.

Effects of drinking water defluoridation on mineral and haemato-biochemical status in fluorotic buffaloes

Effects of drinking water defluoridation with alum (1.5 g/liter) and lime (200 mg/liter) were assessed on mineral, biochemical status and health of fluorotic buffaloes in fluoride endemic South-West Punjab, India. The fluorotic buffaloes (n=16; plasma fluoride: 0.44-0.97 ppm, urinary fluoride: 18.90-39.30 ppm) were randomly divided into two equal groups (Treatment: TRT; Control: CRL). The TRT was offered defluoridated water while CRL was offered non-treated water, adlib for drinking for 135 days. Other feeding and management practices were similar for both the groups. Plasma and urine samples were collected on day 0, 45, 90 and 135 and health of the buffaloes were monitored. The drinking water defluoridation resulted in significant (p Lass Than 0.01) decline in water fluoride contents from 10.64±0.09 to 1.24±0.03 ppm. There was significant (p Lass Than 0.01) decline in plasma and urinary fluoride concentrations and significant (p Lass Than 0.01) increase in plasma calcium, copper and zinc concentrations in the TRT group. There was no effect of water defluoridation on plasma inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, Hb and TEC, however PCV increased and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly (p Lass Than 0.01) in TRT group. Two buffaloes from CRL showed stiffness on day 64 and 81, respectively, while all the buffaloes from the TRT group remained healthy during the study period. It is concluded that defluoridation of drinking water with alum and lime was effective in reducing water fluoride contents to permissible levels and it improved mineral, biochemical status and health of fluorotic buffaloes.

Developmental competence of bovine oocytes with increasing concentrations of nano-copper and nano-zinc particles during in vitro maturation

Objective: To evaluate copper and zinc concentrations in plasma and follicular fluid from cattle ovaries, and estimate the impact of rational concentrations of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs & ZnO-NPs) supplemented during in vitro maturation (IVM) against DNA damage of cumulus cells, glutathione content in oocytes and on consequent embryo development. Methods: Oocytes were obtained from 2 to 8 mm follicles by aspiration method for IVM. Replicates of experiments were performed on different days, with a separate batch of cumulus oocytes complex for each day. Results: The DNA damage of oocytes and cumulus cells significantly decreased with supplemental CuO-NPs or ZnO-NPs concentrations of 0.7 and 1.0 μg/mL in the IVM medium compared to medium without CuO-NPs or ZnO-NPs (P

Supplementation with zinc in rats enhances memory and reverses an age-dependent increase in plasma copper

Zinc and copper are essential trace elements. Dyshomeostasis in these two metals has been observed in Alzheimer’s disease, which causes profound cognitive impairment. Insulin therapy has been shown to enhance cognitive performance; however, recent data suggest that this effect may be at least in part due to the inclusion of zinc in the insulin formulation used. Zinc plays a key role in regulation of neuronal glutamate signaling, suggesting a possible link between zinc and memory processes. Consistent with this, zinc deficiency causes cognitive impairments in children. The effect of zinc supplementation on short- and long-term recognition memory, and on spatial working memory, was explored in young and adult male Sprague Dawley rats. After behavioral testing, hippocampal and plasma zinc and copper were measured. Age increased hippocampal zinc and copper, as well as plasma copper, and decreased plasma zinc. An interaction between age and treatment affecting plasma copper was also found, with zinc supplementation reversing elevated plasma copper concentration in adult rats. Zinc supplementation enhanced cognitive performance across tasks. These data support zinc as a plausible therapeutic intervention to ameliorate cognitive impairment in disorders characterized by alterations in zinc and copper, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Effect of physical activity and age on plasma copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium concentration in physically active healthy males

The concentration of nutritionally important minerals in circulation is under tight homeostatic control, however, physical activity and aging influence their body stores and nutritional requirement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both physical activity and age on plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium. Stratified cluster sampling was used for selection of study participants (N=360) belonging to three physical activity groups: sedentary, moderately active, and highly active on the basis of their physical activity levels as 1.53, 1.8, and 2.3, respectively. They were also divided into six different age groups (18-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, and 41-45y). We assessed nutritional status by determining their body composition using bioelectrical impedance method and measuring intake levels. Fasting blood samples were taken to separate plasma for analysis of copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron. There was a major difference (P<0.001) in the mean value of plasma copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron for the three activity groups. The plasma copper and iron concentrations were higher in the moderately active group (copper: 1.59±0.05mg/L, iron: 0.79±0.22mg/L) whereas zinc concentration was higher in the sedentary group (2.37±0.29mg/L). Both the highly and moderately active groups had higher plasma magnesium levels compared with the sedentary group. Plasma copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron levels also were influenced by age in a different pattern with respect to physical activity. Physical activity-related energy expenditure and age play a remarkable role in deciphering the plasma mineral levels in the healthy individuals.

Assessment of the Zinc and Copper Status in Alpaca.

This study was performed with the aim of investigating the concentration of zinc and copper in the blood of healthy alpacas (Vicugna pacos) kept in central Europe and to compare the concentration of Zn and Cu in plasma and in whole blood. A further objective was to evaluate blood Zn and Cu in relation to different micromineral supplementation, age and sex groups of alpacas. A total of 299 alpacas (224 adults and 75 crias) from 18 farms were included in this study. The concentrations of copper and zinc in plasma/whole blood were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of this study show high individual variability in plasma Zn (median 3.54, range 1.56-8.01μmol/l), whole blood Zn (median 10.01, range 6.23-75.0μmol/l), plasma Cu (median 7.53, range 2.93-16.41μmol/l) and whole blood Cu (median 6.33, range 3.02-13.95μmol/l). Plasma Zn was not significantly influenced by sex, age or feeding group. Whole blood Zn was only significantly higher in females than in males. The intake of Zn in all groups was equal to or higher than the nutritional recommendation. During excessive supplementation, Zn absorption decreased and thus blood Zn did not reflect the higher intake. Only a weak correlation was found (Spearman correlation coefficient r=0.384; p>0.01; n=204) between plasma and whole blood Zn concentrations. Plasma copper concentration was significantly influenced by age, sex and feeding; whole blood Cu by age and feeding. However, neither plasma Cu nor whole blood Cu reflected the intake of the element. We found a close correlation between plasma and blood copper concentrations (Spearman correlation coefficient r=0.9043; p≤0.01; n=99). According to our results, copper in plasma or blood is not a good indicator of copper intake.

Effect of Tamarindus indica leaf powder on plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron in fluorotic cows.

Aim:The main objective of the study was to determine the deleterious effect of fluoride on plasma trace minerals of fluorotic cattle and to evaluate the effect of Tamarindus indica leaf powder toward correction of the same.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 cattle exhibiting chronic sign of fluorosis and 10 healthy cattle from nonfluorotic area were incorporated in this study. Fluorotic cattle were divided into three equal groups consisting of 10 cattle each. Group I from fluoride free area served as healthy control. The Group II received no treatment and served as disease control. Groups III and IV were supplemented with tamarind leaf powder at 15 g and 30 g/day with feed for 60 days. Plasma mineral status was evaluated after 60 days of treatment with double beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results:Statistical analysis of data revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean plasma copper (Cu) (0.344±0.007 ppm), zinc (Zn) (0.692±0.06 ppm), and iron (Fe) concentration (1.100±0.01 ppm) in fluorotic cattle in comparison to healthy cattle (0.58±0.010, 2.342±0.04, 1.406±0.04 ppm, respectively). Significant (p<0.05) increase in Cu, Zn, and Fe was recorded after supplementation of tamarind leaf powder to the fluorotic cattle.Conclusion:It was concluded that fluorotic cattle might be supplemented with T. indica leaf powder with feed for the correction of the decreased level of certain plasma minerals.

Abstract 2178: A novel injectable formulation of quercetin reliant on the ability of the drug to complex copper

Abstract Low levels of fruit and vegetable consumptions have been linked to increased risk of cancer. Quercetin is one of the most ubiquitous flavanoids found in fruits and vegetables and there is increasing evidence that points to the anti-cancer potential of quercetin. This flavanoid acts as a promoter of apoptosis by modulating apoptosis through Bcl-2, Akt-1, and/or NF-κB. In addition, quercetin also demonstrated promise when used in combination with approved chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and irinotecan. However, quercetin has remained largely clinically irrelevant despite all the potential anti-cancer benefits noted in in vitro assays. This is due in part to the low bioavailability of the compound and its poor aqueous solubility (solubility &amp;lt;100μg/mL). In order to realize the full therapeutic potential of quercetin, we have developed an injectable quercetin formulation prepared using a method that relies on its ability to bind copper. Quercetin was added to pre-formed copper-containing liposomes (,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (CHOL) (55:45 molar ratio)); a strategy that involved addition of quercetin powder directly to the liposomes at 60°C. In vivo pharmacokinetics of the liposomal quercetin formulation was assessed by injecting the product intravenously at a dose of 50mg/kg into RAG2m mice. Plasma samples were taken at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-injection. Quercetin concentration in plasma was analyzed via HPLC and lipid concentrations were determined using liquid scintillation counting. The plasma copper concentration was determined using atomic absorbance spectrometry. All data were plotted in Prism 6.0 (mean ± SEM). Quercetin encapsulation into copper liposomes resulted in a final drug-to-lipid ratio (mol:mol) of 0.2. The encapsulation process was copper-dependent. The formulation is stable at 4°C for at least three weeks, maintaining a particle size of approximately 135nm and &amp;gt;98% encapsulation efficiency. Compared to previous data on free quercetin, the liposomal formulation of quercetin shows a markedly improved pharmacokinetic profile. The formulation demonstrated a 10-fold increase in elimination half life and a 7-fold increase in AUC when compared to previously published studies with free quercetin. A novel liposomal formulation of quercetin has been generated and the resulting formulation resolved the solubility issues faced when considering the use of quercetin for studies attempting to define its therapeutic activity in various cancer models. Citation Format: Kent T. Chen, Malathi Anantha, Ada W.Y. Leung, Mohamed Wehbe, Brent Sutherland, Marcel B. Bally. A novel injectable formulation of quercetin reliant on the ability of the drug to complex copper. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2178.

Regression of pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by trientine‐induced copper redistribution to the heart in rats

Sustained pressure overload leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and copper efflux from the heart with an increase in plasma copper concentrations. Dietary copper supplementation replenishes copper content and reverses the pathogenesis in mice with cardiac hypertrophy. We recently observed that copper‐trientine complex increased copper uptake by primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that trientine can redistribute copper from plasma to the copper‐depleted heart tissue. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to ascending aortic constriction (AAC). Sixteen weeks after the operation, cardiac hypertrophy was observed by echocardiography and trientine at a dose of 8 mg/kg, twice a day, was administered orally for 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment, copper concentrations were significantly increased in the heart and significantly reduced in the plasma. Along with copper redistribution, cardiac hypertrophy was reversed almost back to the normal as judged by IVSD and LVPWD, and cardiac function was improved as indicated by EF and FS. In addition, the level of cardiac fibrosis was reduced as reflected by the decrease in the content of collagens type I and III and the reduced cross linking of the collagens. This study demonstrates that trientine, although traditionally considered as a copper chelator, is capable of redistributing copper from plasma to the heart leading to regression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac function.Support or Funding InformationNational Science Foundation of China (81230004 and 81300109).

Normal Plasma Volume Expansion and Micronutrient Status in Pregnancy

Plasma volume expansion is widely known as an important physiologic change in pregnancy, yet normal expansion in healthy pregnancies has not been well described. This expansion influences plasma micronutrient concentrations and may impact interpretation of biomarkers. Our objective was to review studies that measured plasma volume longitudinally across gestation to describe normal plasma volume expansion; secondarily, we examined the impact of plasma volume expansion on micronutrient biomarkers. We systematically searched PubMed for original articles that directly measured plasma volume in pregnant women at more than one time across gestation. We also searched reference lists from these publications for additional papers. We found 15 studies published from 1963 to 2006 that directly measured plasma volume in pregnancy more than one time. We excluded 3 studies because the measurements were not longitudinal and one study because it used an unconventional measurement technique (iron dextran) and some values appeared extreme. Of the 11 longitudinal studies included, 8 studies were conducted in the UK and one each was conducted in India, Chile, and Nigeria. All studies used the Evans blue dye (T‐1824) indicator dilution method to measure the plasma volume. The total number of women in all studies was 524; study size ranged from 11 to 95. Plasma volume was measured 3 to 7 times in women across the studies. Two studies measured plasma volume before conception and 5 studies measured postpartum values (6–8 weeks after birth) as a proxy for pre‐conception. Plasma volume increases varied across the studies. Plasma volume increased by 8% between preconception and 12 weeks, 18% by 16 weeks, 27% by 20 weeks and 36% by 25 weeks gestation. The maximum mean plasma volume increase was 52% (1267 ± 38 ml) at 33–34 weeks gestation. This peak mean expansion ranged from 48% to 59% (1218 to 1323 ml) across studies, while reports of expansion for individual women ranged from 25% to 80%. Plasma volume slightly declined from late third trimester to term. Only one plasma volume study measured micronutrient status. In that study, plasma zinc concentrations declined across gestation to 30 weeks but intravascular zinc mass (the product of zinc concentration and plasma volume) increased across pregnancy. Plasma copper concentration increased up to gestational week 35 but intravascular copper mass was not reported. Few studies have measured plasma volume longitudinally in pregnancy. Studies of healthy pregnancies similarly show plasma volume increases progressively to approximately 52% above the non‐pregnant state in the third trimester with a slight decline to term. Plasma zinc concentration changes in pregnancy did not reflect actual changes in zinc status. Future studies in pregnancy should measure plasma volume to have a valid estimation of micronutrient status and to understand underlying physiologic changes that may be related to adverse outcomes.Support or Funding InformationNIH BIRCWH 12HD055882 (Dr. Gernand)

Zinc and copper status in childbearing age Tunisian women: Relation to age, residential area, socioeconomic situation and physiologic characteristics

Plasma zinc and copper status of 1689 non pregnant Tunisian women, aged 20–49 years old, was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A multiple regression was run to predict plasma trace element concentrations from age, BMI, marital status, menopause, education level, professional activity, economic level and area of living. The mean zinc and copper values were similar to those measured among comparable populations in earlier studies. However, a high prevalence of low plasma zinc and copper concentrations was observed assuming that women at childbearing age are at high risk of zinc and copper deficiencies and specific intervention may be considered. In univariate analysis, the mean values of plasma zinc and copper were associated with sitting areas and professional activity. For only plasma copper levels, there was an increase with BMI and parity, and a decrease with increasing schooling level and economic score. After adjustment for all variables, profession and parity showed a significant relationship between plasma levels copper.

Trace Minerals and Biochemical Profile in Buffalo Calves Manifesting Coat Colour Depigmentation in the Fluoride Endemic South-West Punjab

The present work aimed to study trace minerals and haemato-biochemical profile of buffalo calves manifesting depigmentation of coat colour (depigmented calves: DC) in comparison to calves having normal coat colour (normal calves: NC) in the fluoride endemic zone of the South-West Punjab. Plasma fluoride concentrations in NC and DC were higher than the normal but it did not vary between the groups. Plasma copper concentration in DC was lower than the critical limit of 0.70 μgml−1 and it was significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared to NC. Hair copper and plasma ceruloplasmin activity did not vary between the groups. Plasma molybdenum, and plasma and hair zinc and manganese concentrations were normal and did not vary between the groups. Plasma iron concentrations in both the groups were higher than the physiological limit of 2.50 μgml−1. The hair iron concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher in DC. The Hb, PCV, TEC, serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALP, AST, CK and GGT were normal in both the groups. It is concluded that depigmentation of coat colour in buffalo calves from the fluoride endemic South-west Punjab is due to deficiency of copper.

Effects of feed supplementation with various zinc sources on mineral concentration and selected antioxidant indices in tissues and plasma of broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of organic dietary zinc (Zn) sources and zinc sulphate on mineral deposition, activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and copper/zinc SOD in tissues of broiler chickens. The performance indicators and lipid peroxidation by measuring the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in tissues and plasma were also evaluated. Broilers were assigned to 4 treatment groups, each replicated × 6, with 9 birds per replicate. The control group was fed conventional basal diet (BD); the three other groups received identical BD supplemented with 120 mg Zn/kg in the form of zinc sulphate, zinc chelate of glycine hydrate (Zn-Gly), and zinc proteinate (Zn-Pro), respectively. After 5 weeks of dietary treatment, feed supplementation with Zn sulphate resulted in significantly higher average daily weight gain and final body weight, as well as improved feed conversion ratio compared to the Zn-Gly group. Intake of Zn-Pro significantly increased SOD activity (P &lt; 0.05) in erythrocytes and lipid peroxidation (P &lt; 0.01) in plasma. Activities of total SOD and Cu/Zn SOD in liver and kidney were not affected by Zn supplementation. Addition of Zn supplements to broiler diets did not influence concentrations of zinc, manganese and copper in plasma, liver, kidney or breast muscle, with the exception of Zn deposition in the liver being significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the Zn-Pro supplemented group. Results of our study show that organic zinc sources have effects comparable to inorganic zinc sulphate in broilers fed diets containing a higher Zn content.

The predictive value of low plasma copper and high plasma zinc in detecting zinc-induced copper deficiency.

Zinc-induced copper deficiency is a condition whose diagnosis is often delayed allowing severe and usually irreversible neurology symptoms to develop. Plasma copper concentrations are usually low and plasma zinc concentrations high. The aim of this study was to measure the predictive value of this combination of results as a means of facilitating its early diagnosis. Low plasma copper (≤6 µmol/L) and high plasma zinc results (>18 µmol/L) were retrieved from the laboratory database from 2000 to 2014. Medical records and laboratory notes of the corresponding 20 patients found were accessed to determine which were likely to have zinc-induced copper deficiency. Fifteen (75%) patients were diagnosed with zinc-induced copper deficiency which was symptomatic in 13. Of the five remaining patients, two were treated with zinc because of Wilson's disease which was the cause of hypocupraemia, two were treated parenterally with zinc, and insufficient information was available in the final patient. The combination of a low plasma copper and high plasma zinc is strongly predictive for the diagnosis of zinc-induced copper deficiency. There is the therefore an opportunity for the reporting biochemist to facilitate in its earlier diagnosis so enabling treatment to be implemented before the condition deteriorates.

Relationship of blood and seminal plasma ceruloplasmin, copper, iron and cadmium concentrations with sperm quality in Merino rams

The aim of the current study was to investigate the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, copper, iron, zinc and cadmium concentrations in blood serum and seminal plasma obtained from Merino rams. In addition, their relationship with sperm parameters, fertility rate and litter size were also studied. Blood and ejaculate samples (6 replicates) were taken in October from 19 Merino rams, aged between 18 and 24 months. Ceruloplasmin, copper, iron, zinc and cadmium in blood serum and seminal plasma were determined. Sperm parameters including volume, mass motility, motility, concentration, Hos-test, viability, abnormal sperm and acrosome abnormality in semen, fertility rate and litter size were also evaluated. Highly positive correlation was found between blood ceruloplasmin and blood copper concentrations (r=0.812, p<0.001), whereas negative correlation were determined between these parameters in seminal plasma (r=−0.195, p<0.05). Seminal plasma copper concentration was positively correlated with seminal plasma cadmium (r=0.206, p<0.05) and seminal plasma iron (r=0,305, p<0.01) concentrations. Negative correlation was determined between blood ceruloplasmin level and acrosomal defect (r=−0.443, p<0.05). Seminal plasma ceruloplasmin level was positively correlated with volume (r=0.255, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with abnormal sperm (r=−0.186, p=0.058) and acrosome abnormality (r=−0.213, p<0.05). Seminal plasma iron concentration was positively correlated with other abnormality (r=0.257, p<0.01). Seminal plasma cadmium concentration was positively correlated with sperm abnormality (r=0.207, p=0.052) and other abnormality (r=0.262, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with fertility rate (r=−0.449, p=0.054). Blood cadmium concentration was negatively correlated with litter size (r=−0.579, p<0.01). In conclusion, blood and seminal plasma ceruloplasmin may be suggested to have positive influence regardless of copper with its antioxidant property whereas iron and cadmium have negative influence on sperm parameters and fertility in Merino rams.

Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Plasma Iron, Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Infants

Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Plasma Iron, Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Infants

Trace elements profile is associated with insulin resistance syndrome and oxidative damage in thyroid disorders: Manganese and selenium interest in Algerian participants with dysthyroidism

The relationship between dysthyroidism and antioxidant trace elements (ATE) status is very subtle during oxidative stress (OS). This relationship is mediated by thyroid hormone (TH) disorder, insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate ATE such as selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) status on thyroid dysfunction, and their interaction with antioxidant enzyme activities, mainly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), TH profile (TSH, T(3), T(4)) and IRS clusters. The study was undertaken on 220 Algerian adults (30-50 years), including 157 women and 63 men who were divided to 4 groups: subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 50), overt hypothyroidism (n = 60), Graves's disease hyperthyroidism (n = 60) and euthyroid controls (n = 50). The IRS was confirmed according to NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program). Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR model. Trace elements were determined by the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Flame-AAS) technique. The antioxidant enzymes activity and metabolic parameters were determined by biochemical methods. The TH profile and anti-Thyroperoxidase Antibodies (anti-TPO-Ab) were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Results showed that the plasma manganese levels were significantly increased in all dysthyroidism groups (p ≤ 0.01). However, the plasma copper and zinc concentrations were maintained normal or not very disturbed vs control group. In contrast, the plasma selenium levels were highly decreased (p ≤ 0.001) and positively correlated with depletion of glutathione peroxidase activity; and associated both with anti-TPO-Ab overexpression and fulminant HS-CRP levels. This study confirms the oxidative stress-inflammation relationship in the dysthyroidism. The thyroid follicles antioxidant protection appears preserved in the cytosol (Cu/Zn-SOD), while it is altered in the mitochondria (Mn-SOD), which gives this cell organelle, a status of real target therapy in thyroid dysfunction. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. [corrected].

Effects of dietary copper on elemental balance, plasma minerals and serum biochemical parameters of growing-furring male mink (Mustela vison).

The objectives of this study were to study the effects of different levels of dietary copper on copper and zinc balance, plasma minerals and serum biochemical parameters of mink in the growing-furring periods. One hundred and five standard dark male mink were randomly assigned to seven groups with the following dietary treatments: basal diet with no supplemental Cu (Control); basal diet supplemented with either 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, or 192 mg/kg Cu from copper sulfate, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) linearly (P = 0.0026, P = 0.0006) responded to increasing levels of Cu; maximal growth was seen in the Cu24 group. Feed efficiency tended to improve with the increase of dietary copper level (linear P = 0.0010, quad, P = 0.0011). Fecal copper, urinary copper, retention copper responded in a linear (P < 0.05) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The effect of level of Cu was linear (P < 0.001) for plasma Cu concentration. The serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities were increased linearly (P < 0.05) with dose of Cu, but serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) concentrations decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary copper levels increased. Effect of level of Cu was linear (P < 0.001) for serum ceruloplasmin (CER) concentration or Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activity. Supplemental dose of Cu linearly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.011) and total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.007). Our results indicated that the activity of Cu-dependent enzymes was enhanced by increasing dietary Cu concentration and that supplementation of Cu in the diet of mink could alter the plasma lipid profile and copper concentration.

Counteract of bone marrow of blotchy mice against the increases of plasma copper levels induced by high-fat diets in LDLR−/− mice

BackgroundBone marrow of blotchy mouse (blotchy marrow) reflects the function of transmembrane domain and relevant intramembrane sites of ATP7A in myeloid cells. By chronic infusion of angiotensin II, we previously found that blotchy marrow plays a minor role in regulating plasma copper. Moreover, the recipients of blotchy marrow presented a moderate reduction of plasma lipids and inflammatory mediator production. Little is known about whether these changes are a specific response to angiotensin II or reveal a more general role of ATP7A. Objective and designWe investigated if blotchy marrow reduces plasma lipids and inflammatory mediators induced by high-fat diets. To test this hypothesis, blotchy and control marrows were reconstituted to the recipient mice (irradiated male LDLR−/− mice), followed by high-fat-diet feeding for 4 months. At the end points, plasma metals (copper, zinc and iron), lipid profiling (cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids and lipoprotein) and six inflammatory mediators (lymphotacin, MCP3, MCP5, TIMP1, VEGF-A and IP-10) were measured. Parallel experiments were performed using male LDLR−/− mice fed either high-fat diets or chow diets for 4 months. ResultsIn addition to hyperlipidemia and low-grade inflammation, high-fat diets selectively increased plasma copper concentration compared to chow diets in LDLR−/− mice. After high-fat-diet feeding, the recipients with blotchy marrow showed a decrease in plasma copper (p<0.01) and an increase in plasma iron (p<0.05). The recipients with blotchy marrow also presented decreases in cholesterol (p<0.01) and phospholipids (p<0.05) in plasma. Surprisingly, plasma levels of MCP3 (p<0.05), MCP5 (p<0.05), TIMP1 (p<0.01), VEGF-A (p<0.01) and IP-10 (p<0.01) were significantly increased in the recipients with blotchy marrow compared to controls; the increased levels of MCP3, MCP5 and TIMP1 were more than 50%. ConclusionOur studies showed that blotchy marrow counteracts the increased copper levels induced by high-fat diets, indicating that circulating myeloid cells can regulate blood copper levels via ATP7A. Moreover, transplantation of blotchy marrow followed by high-fat diets leads to a decrease in lipid profile and an increase in inflammatory mediator production. Overall, blotchy marrow mediates divergent responses to angiotensin II and high-fat diets in vivo.