Plasma Acid Phosphatase Research Articles

Sperm penetration of cervical mucus as a criterion of male fertility.

Semen samples were examined from 51 fertile men, and from the male partners in 283 infertile marriages. In addition to routine analysis, they were tested for sperm penetration through ovulatory cervical mucus, using the method of Kremer with slight modifications. Comparison of the 2 groups in regard to semen properties showed statistically significant differences between the means for density, percentage of living, motile and abnormal spermatozoa, for motility degree, and for sperm penetration. No significant difference between the means was found for volume, content of fructose and acid phosphatase in the seminal plasma. In the entire series a moderate correlation was found between sperm penetration and percentage of motile spermatozoa, motility degree, density, percentage of living and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. A low correlation was found between sperm penetration and volume, content of fructose or acid phosphatase in seminal plasma. The variance of sperm penetration due to regression of the other semen properties was only 43%. Sperm penetration had the highest discriminant function coefficient of the tested semen properties. Semen samples from fertile men had high penetration values although other semen properties were sometimes pathological. The sperm penetration test is a most valuable supplement to routine semen analysis for male fertility estimation.

Further evidence of skeletal response to exogenous ascorbic acid.

The response to ascorbic acid administration was studied using the young chick. Plasma acid phosphatase and 45Ca activities (45Ca previously incorporated by the skeletal system) were consistently and equally elevated following ascorbate injection. Each of these factors is indicative of bone resorptive activity. Since total plasma calcium was depressed by the ascorbate, it is suggested that the effect on the skeleton may have been indirect, however.

Effects of dietary excesses of vitamins A and D on some constituents of the blood of chicks.

1. Groups of chicks were given diets containing four levels of vitamins A and D, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 times the basal level, in all sixteen combinations, with the object of investigating a possible antagonism between the two vitamins.2. Only diets containing 1000 times the basal level (approx. 1700 times the dietary requirements) of one or both vitamins depressed growth and induced changes in the blood.3. The packed cell volume was substantially reduced from 4 weeks of age in the chicks given the highest level of vitamin A. It is suggested that this was due to an effect of the vitamin on the fragility of the red cells and thus on their life span.4. Chicks given the toxic level of vitamin D showed an increase in plasma calcium and a decrease in plasma inorganic phosphorus. The highest level of vitamin A depressed plasma Ca without influencing plasma inorganic P. Increasing amounts of vitamin A given in combination with the highest level of vitamin D caused a progressive increase in the plasma inorganic P.5. The highest level of dietary vitamin A significantly increased the activity in the plasma of three lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase. Excess vitamin D given in conjunction with the basal level of vitamin A significantly depressed the plasma acid phosphatase and the activity of this enzyme increased with increasing amounts of vitamin A. Excess vitamin D had no influence on the other hydrolases studied.6. A marked antagonism between the effects of excessive amounts of the two vitamins occurred only in respect of their actions on the plasma levels of Ca, inorganic P and acid phosphatase, all of which are involved in bone metabolism.

Plasma acid phosphatase in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy

Plasma acid phosphatase activity was measured in nonpregnant, normal pregnant, and severely pre-eclamptic women. The third trimester of pregnancy was associated with a rise in plasma acid phosphatase and severe pre-eclampsia with a marked rise in this enzyme. Possible sources of this elevation in acid phosphatase activity are the placenta, kidneys, pregnancy-associated plasma proteins, and blood platelets—with platelets the most likely.

Early radiation lethality: enzyme release and the protective action of soybean trypsin inhibitor.

SummarySoybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) can act to reduce early radiation lethality (<24 hours) in the 3-day chick as well as in the 14-day chick embryo. Plasma acid phosphatase activity was increased more than 2-fold in lethally irradiated chicks, but only small increases were demonstrated in groups that received near-lethal exposures or that were protected by SBTI before a lethal exposure.

Hydrolysis of steroid phosphates by plasma phosphatases.

The enzymic hydrolysis of various steroid phosphates incubated in plasma from normal and pregnant women was determined. Cortisol 21-phosphate was hydrolyzed by plasma alkaline phosphatase and testosterone 17β-phosphate by plasma acid phosphatase. The other steroid phosphates tested were not hydrolyzed. (Endocrinology82: 1062, 1968)

Plasma acid phosphatase in idiopathic and secondary thrombocytopenias

Plasma acid phosphatase in idiopathic and secondary thrombocytopenias

Plasma Acid Phosphatase in Idiopathic and Secondary Thrombocytopenias

In THEIR study of 36 patients, Oski et al found the plasma acid phenylphosphatase (PAPP) value to be a reliable parameter for separating destructive from nondestructive thrombocytopenias.¹In six patients with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and in 13 of 15 cases of chronic ITP, elevation of PAPP was thought to reflect thrombocytolysis with release of the enzyme into the plasma. Conversely, in eight cases of hypoplastic thrombocytopenia the PAPP fell somewhat below the normal mean. With the exception of two patients with chronic ITP, the plasma enzyme values correlated well with platelet life-spans and bone marrow megakaryocyte activity. Thus, it was proposed that the PAPP value be added to the diagnostic tests used to classify the thrombocytopenias. The present report concerns nine patients with ITP in whom an attempt was made to correlate PAPP levels with platelet counts, radioactive chromium (⁵¹Cr) platelet lifespans, and therapeutic response to

Effect of reticuloendothelial stimulation on plasma acid hydrolase activity in hemorrhagic shock.

SummaryPrior stimulation of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) with zymosan and glucan markedly altered plasma acid phos-phatase and plasma beta glucuronidase activity during subsequent hemorrha...

Relationships between phosphatase activity and other characteristics in bull semen.

Summary. Alkaline and acid phosphatase levels, and various other semen characteristics, have been examined in 149 semen samples from twelve Holstein-Friesian bulls. Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase mean values were 26·1 ± 18·0 and 7·4±7·8 Sigma units/ml for spermatozoa free of seminal plasma and 105·7±42·5 and 24·7±11·8 Sigma units/ml for seminal plasma. Alkaline phosphatase activity of spermatozoa was significantly correlated with the percentage of motile spermatozoa, and percentage of live spermatozoa. When acid phosphatase values were adjusted for concentration of spermatozoa per sample, highly significant negative correlations were obtained with the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the percentage of live spermatozoa, and a positive correlation with the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. When alkaline phosphatase of seminal plasma and the alkaline phosphatase/acid phosphatase ratio in seminal plasma were adjusted for concentration of spermatozoa per sample, highly significant negative correlations were obtained with the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the percentage of live spermatozoa, and a positive correlation with the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. The percentage of motile spermatozoa was significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma, whereas the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase.

Platelet survival in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

The pathogenesis of the thrombocytopenia of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome has been investigated in several patients. Eight survival studies using homologous platelets were normal in 3 patients and plasma acid phosphatase levels were also normal, suggesting no increased destruction of peripheral platelets. Marrow aspirates from 3 patients revealed many peculiar megakaryocytes. The nuclei of these cells were characterized by fragmentation and karyorrhexis despite cytoplasm which showed no granularity or platelet formation. Administration of prednisone and fresh plasma was without beneficial effect in 2 patients. These studies indicate that the characteristic thrombocytopenia of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome does not result from increased peripheral destruction of platelets as is usually the case in ITP; rather developmental or maturational factors appear to be involved. Similar mechanisms might conceivably be invoked to explain the eczema and susceptibility to infection characteristic of this syndrome. Although conventional therapy is without regular benefit, platelet transfusions may be confidently administered for hemorrhage or when surgery is necessary.

Vergleichende untersuchungen von “sauren” plasmaphosphatasen bei verschiedenen knochenerkrankungen

The properties of the plasma acid phosphatases of patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism, osteopetrosis, Gaucher's disease and metastatic carcinoma of the prostate have been evaluated and compared. In all cases with increased total acid phosphatase activity, two or three maxima of activity were found in the acid pH range using 0.2 M acetate buffer. Starch gel electrophoresis showed separation of 3 fractions in primary hyperparathyroidism, osteopetrosis and normal controls, 4 in carcinoma of the prostate, and 5 in Gaucher's disease. The substrates phenylphosphate, β-glycerophosphate and α-glycerophosphate are hydrolysed in the order listed, with decreasing velocity in normal controls, osteopetrosis, Gaucher's disease and prostate carcinoma. α-Glycerophosphate is hydrolysed preferentially in primary hyperparathyroidism. These phosphatases are further differentiated with the aid of various effectors. 5.10 −3 M l-tartrate inactivates the enzymes to 90% in cases of metastatic prostate carcinoma, to 40% in osteopetrosis. 10 −4 M solution of cystein decreases the activity of plasma acid phosphatases to about 70% at pH 5.1–5.3 in osteopetrosis, but activates the enzymes to 70% in Gaucher's disease and to 30% in carcinoma of the prostate. EDTA, 2.5 · 10 −3 M solution increased the acid phosphatase activity to 40% in primary hyperparathyroidism, but had no effect on the enzyme activity in all the other investigated cases.

ENZYME STUDIES IN CEREBRAL TUMOURS. LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE, GLUCOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE, ACID AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN PLASMA, VENTRICULAR CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND TUMOUR CYST FLUID FROM CASES OF GLIOMA AND CEREBRAL SECONDARY CARCINOMA.

Enzyme Studies in Cerebral Tumours. Lactate Dehydrogenase, Glucose Phosphate Isomerase, Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase in Plasma, Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid and Tumour Cyst Fluid from Cases of Glioma and Cerebral Secondary Carcinoma

Plasma acid phosphatase activity and bone dystrophies in the fowl

1. 1. Severe osteoclasis is seen in hens suffering from “cage layer osteoporosis” (which seems to have a familial background) or when a laying hen, susceptible to this condition, is fed on a diet containing only 1 per cent of calcium. In such hens the level of the plasma acid phosphatase activity becomes markedly raised. 2. 2. In immature normal fowls the activity of this enzyme fluctuates with age; no sex difference was observed. Birds of this age group, suffering from osteopetrosis, may show an increased acid phosphatase activity in their plasma. 3. 3. The possible connexion between osteoclastic activity and plasma acid phosphatase is discussed. Levels of plasma citrate and ultrafiltrable calcium were within the normal ranges in affected birds.

Use of the plasma acid phosphatase value in the differentiation of thrombocytopenic states.

THROMBOCYTOPENIA may result from impaired production of platelets, increased destruction of platelets or a combination of these factors. At the present time this etiologic distinction is generally made on the basis of the number and appearance of the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Rarely, a more exact classification can be made only after performance of platelet-survival studies.1 Platelets are rich in the enzyme acid phosphatase,2 3 4 5 and therefore their excessive destruction in vivo might lead to elevations in the plasma levels of this enzyme. In a group of patients with thrombocytopenia from a variety of causes the assay of acid phosphatase . . .

The effect of psychic-sexual stimulation on urinary and serum acid phosphatase and plasma nonesterified fatty acids.

In an attempt to develop a quantitative chemical measure of the intensity of sexual arousal a study was made of urinary acid phosphatase secretion rate and plasma acid phosphatase levels in young men, as influenced by the viewing of a sexually arousing moving picture. In a group of 17 subjects, 12 showed an increase in urinary acid phosphatase secretion rate, but, this effect was not correlated with subjective response (as evaluated by questionnaires), nor was the enzyme response prevented by concomitant feelings of disgust or disapproval. Plasma acid phosphatase concentrations, measured in 12 subjects, did not change. In a control group of married women, significant changes in urinary acid phosphatase were not observed. Incidental observations that sexual arousal was accompanied by an increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acids were also made.

Pathogenesis of experimental shock. IV. Studies on lysosomes in normal and tolerant animals subjected to lethal trauma and endotoxemia.

Fatal shock was produced in animals by drum trauma, temporary occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, and bacterial endotoxin. Measurements were made of release of beta glucuronidase and cathepsins from the large granule fractions of livers, and of levels of circulating beta glucuronidase and acid phosphatase in these animals. Experiments were also carried out with animals rendered tolerant by previous exposure to sublethal amounts of trauma or by pretreatment with cortisone. The results show that release of beta glucuronidase and cathepsins from the large granule fraction of liver was increased during traumatic and endotoxin shock in the rat. Similarly, circulating levels of acid phosphatase and beta glucuronidase were increased during traumatic shock in rats and rabbits, and during endotoxin shock in rats. The data also indicate that tolerance to traumatic injury, induced by prior conditioning, prevented the increase in levels of circulating acid phosphatase normally observed after stress, and may have been associated with an increased stability of hepatic lysosomal particles. In addition, cortisone, which appears to "stabilize" hepatic lysosomes in vivo, also reduced the increase in plasma acid phosphatase brought about by endotoxin and trauma. From the foregoing observations, it is suggested that: (a) Disruption of lysosomes and release of their contained enzymes in free, active form may occur in liver and intestine of shocked animals. (b) The activation of lysosomal hydrolases within cells and their release into the circulation may play an important role in exacerbating tissue injury and accelerating the development of irreversibility during shock. (c) The increased stability of lysosomes of tolerant and of cortisone-treated animals may constitute an important component of the resistance of these animals to shock.

The stability of acid phosphatase in blood and other fluids.

SUMMARY The acid phosphatase of dilute human seminal plasma is inactivated by heating at 37° C. in the presence of a variety of inorganic buffer mixtures of pH below 4 and above 6.6; at slightly higher pH when serum is present; and at pH 7.2 to 7.4 in human and dog blood kept fluid by neutral citrate/dextrose solutions. The acid phosphatase found in the blood of normal subjects and patients with carcinoma of the prostate is stable for long periods at 37° C. in blood of pH 7.2 to 7.4 kept fluid by neutral citrate/dextrose solutions. Serum separated from the clot from which it has been expelled and exposed to the atmosphere undergoes an alkaline change which makes its acid phosphatase liable to rapid inactivation at temperatures over 20° C. (68° F.). Serum in contact with its clot remains at pH 7.4 for a considerable time, and under these conditions the acid phosphatase in the serum is stable at temperatures below 30° C. (86° F.) for periods up to twenty-four hours. Determination of the acid phosphatase in the plasma of blood kept fluid by acid citrate/dextrose solutions has the following advantages over serum acid phosphatase determination: (1) Plasma acid phosphatase levels are greater than those of the corresponding serum levels; (2) errors due to haemolysis of red blood cells are less likely to occur with plasma than serum determinations; (3) plasma determinations may be made sooner after blood is drawn than serum determinations; (4) less blood is required for plasma than serum determinations; (5) acid phosphatase is so stable in blood preserved with acid citrate/dextrose solution that determinations may be delayed for a week.

Plasma Acid Phosphatase in Carcinoma of Prostate: Effect of Stilboestrol

Plasma Acid Phosphatase in Carcinoma of Prostate: Effect of Stilboestrol