Planting Process Research Articles

Seedling Morphological Characteristics on Survival, Uniformity, and Growth during a Full Short Rotation in Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla Plantation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the losses in the process, survival, uniformity and growth during an entire short rotation of a clonal planting of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla in Brazil as a function of the different morphological characteristics of the seedlings considered a proxy of seedling quality. Seedlings were classified in descending order of quality by the following treatments: A > B > C. Treatment D was composed of prime seedlings 180 days old in the nursery. Treatment A and B experienced a mortality rate of 3% 30 days after planting, while seedlings C and D showed a mortality rate of 8%. Throughout the entire planting process, treatment C had the highest total losses of 24%, which was 15% higher than the average of the other three treatments. The quality of seedlings, as determined by the IQD, positively correlated with stem diameter, leaf biomass, and PH50 at 60 days of age. However, these relationships lost significance at later ages, and the DQI could not explain the variation in volume and stand uniformity (PV50) along the rotation. Despite early differences, from 36 to 64 months, only old seedlings (Treat. D) showed a difference in wood volume to the other treatments.

Optimal Sand−Paving Parameters Determination of an Innovatively Developed Automatic Maize Seeding Machine

Maize is an important crop to ensure food safety. High-quality seeds can guarantee a good yield. The maize seed germination rate is the most important information for the maize industry, which can be obtained through the seed germination test. An essential stage in determining the germination rate is the planting of the seeds. The current seed planting process is fully manual, which is labor-intensive and costly, and it requires the development of an autonomous seeding machine. This research developed an automatic maize seeding machine, consisting of four operations: paving sand, seed layout, watering, and covering the seed. Among the four procedures, sand paving is a crucial step, the performance of which is affected by the gate opening size, conveyor speed, and sensor mounting location. Three performance evaluating factors are the weight of sand in the tray, the volume of sand left on the conveyor, and sand surface flatness. A full factorial experiment was designed with three variables and three levels to determine an appropriate factor combination. RGB-D information was used to calculate the volume of sand left on the conveyor and sand flatness. An analytic hierarchy process was employed to assign weights to the three evaluation indicators and score the various combinations of factors. The machine for paving sand achieved a satisfactory result with an opening size of 10.8 mm, a sensor distance of 9 cm, and a conveyor belt speed of 5.1 cm/s. With the most satisfactory factors determined, the machine shows superior performance to better meet practical applications.

Current Status and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Tea across China.

Tea is a non-alcoholic beverage popular among Chinese people. However, due to the application of chemical and organic fertilizers in the tea planting process, the environment pollutionaround the tea plantation, and the instruments used in the processing, heavy metal elements will accumulate in the tea, which brings health risks for tea consumers. This study summarized heavy metal concentrations from 227 published papers and investigated the current contamination status of tea and tea plantation soils, and, finally, the risk of heavy metal exposure to tea consumers in China is assessed, in terms of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. The average contamination of six heavy metals in tea-arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)-were 0.21, 0.14, 1.17, 14.6, 0.04, and 1.09 mg/kg, respectively. The areas with high concentrations of heavy metals in tea were concentrated primarily in southwest China, some areas in eastern China, and Shaanxi Province in northwest China. The non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in tea are all within safe limits. The national average HI value was 0.04, with the highest HI value of 0.18 in Tibet, which has the largest tea consumption in China. However, the carcinogenic risks of Cd in Shaanxi Province, Anhui Province, and southwest China exceed the acceptable range, and due attention should be given to these areas.

Energy Consumption on Farm Automation: Case of Paddy Plantation

Rice farming is one of the most energy-intensive production systems. Energy is becoming a critical factor that requires special attention to maintain efficiency. This study aimed to identify the introduction of automated systems and determine the energy consumption of automated systems in paddy plantations. The research covered Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) areas, a major paddy planting area in Malaysia. Observations and interviews were conducted with selected farmers to obtain detailed data on energy consumption. The paddy planting process consists of nine steps: soil compatibility, condition of paddy fields, soil preparation, planting process, fertilisation, water management, pest control, harvest, and paddy handling. Nevertheless, as an automation system, drones were the only technology used in MADA areas (Region II). The harvesting process consumes the most energy during paddy planting, with an average value of 238.17 MJ, followed by the paddy handling process at 74.34 MJ. By using more powerful automation systems, farmers can reduce dependence on energy and increase yield efficiency. Greater engagement and impressive contributions are needed to enhance the yield and resilience of the agriculture sector.

IoT-based Smartfarm Technology for Rice Farming

One of the big problems in agriculture in the tropics, especially in Indonesia, is rainy and dry seasons. During the rainy season, agriculture in Indonesia in general can run smoothly because the water resource as the main supply of water for various types of plants is available regularly and in abundance. During the rainy season, agricultural products, including livestock abound, because animal feed is also available in abundance. However, a phenomenon occurs during the dry season. When the water supply is minimal or even unavailable, the planting process decreases and even fails before the harvest season. This research tried to bridge the agricultural sector so that it can continue to strive without being affected by the seasons. It is hoped that the agricultural sector can increase its production. This research integrated information and communication technologies (ICTs) through engineering variable measurements of soil water availability, soil moisture, air humidity, temperature of the planting environment, and real-time monitoring of plant conditions. The measurements of several determinant variables in agriculture were followed by responses to the measurement results. It is expected that the process of maintaining crop quality can be done all day until harvest. This technology is applicable to assist farmers in monitoring soil moisture, water level, and water discharge produced. This technology was also designed to be connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) in which data on soil moisture, water level, and water discharge are processed and sent to users. The data sent are connected to the Smartfarm web which can be accessed through smartphones. In addition, this technology is anti-theft and can be operated and monitored remotely.

Tomato Maturity Detection and Counting Model Based on MHSA-YOLOv8.

The online automated maturity grading and counting of tomato fruits has a certain promoting effect on digital supervision of fruit growth status and unmanned precision operations during the planting process. The traditional grading and counting of tomato fruit maturity is mostly done manually, which is time-consuming and laborious work, and its precision depends on the accuracy of human eye observation. The combination of artificial intelligence and machine vision has to some extent solved this problem. In this work, firstly, a digital camera is used to obtain tomato fruit image datasets, taking into account factors such as occlusion and external light interference. Secondly, based on the tomato maturity grading task requirements, the MHSA attention mechanism is adopted to improve YOLOv8's backbone to enhance the network's ability to extract diverse features. The Precision, Recall, F1-score, and mAP50 of the tomato fruit maturity grading model constructed based on MHSA-YOLOv8 were 0.806, 0.807, 0.806, and 0.864, respectively, which improved the performance of the model with a slight increase in model size. Finally, thanks to the excellent performance of MHSA-YOLOv8, the Precision, Recall, F1-score, and mAP50 of the constructed counting models were 0.990, 0.960, 0.975, and 0.916, respectively. The tomato maturity grading and counting model constructed in this study is not only suitable for online detection but also for offline detection, which greatly helps to improve the harvesting and grading efficiency of tomato growers. The main innovations of this study are summarized as follows: (1) a tomato maturity grading and counting dataset collected from actual production scenarios was constructed; (2) considering the complexity of the environment, this study proposes a new object detection method, MHSA-YOLOv8, and constructs tomato maturity grading models and counting models, respectively; (3) the models constructed in this study are not only suitable for online grading and counting but also for offline grading and counting.

Analisis Pencemaran Tanah di Desa Gembol Penjawaran Banjarnegara

This study aims to analyze the soil pollution that occurred in Gembol Village, Pejawaran District, Wonosobo Regency. This type of research is qualitative research, with a descriptive study research design. The data collection technique used in this study used Observation Studies, namely by interviewing one of the potato farmers in Gembol Village and from books, journals, research results, theses, dissertations, newspapers and the internet. In this study, researchers used books, journals and the internet. The results of this study found that soil pollution that occurred in Gembol Village resulted from the continuous use of chemical fertilizers in the potato planting process. The use of chemical fertilizers results in a decrease in soil quality so that the yields obtained by farmers also decrease with each harvest. The results of the data analysis showed that the potato farmers in Gembol Village experienced a decrease in the amount they harvested by 100 kg every last 2-3 years.

Farmer Attitudes on Farmer Behavior in Adopting Innovation of Rice Planting (Transplanter) In the Seputih Agung Subdistrict

The use of mechanization in agriculture in addition to increasing rice productivity can also be a strategy in overcoming labor scarcity as well as the use of technology and the adoption of the transition from using traditional tools to modern tools. The transplanter machine is a new innovation for some people in Central Lampung Regency, such as in Seputih Agung District, which is one of the sub-districts that received transplanter assistance from the government which is expected to be implemented by farmers on their farming land. Transplanter machine technology if adopted by farmers is very profitable, because it can facilitate the planting of rice seeds, speed up work time, is effective, and also saves production costs for the planting process. The behavior of farmers in adopting transplanters is formed through the level of knowledge they have which will affect farmers in determining their attitude to accept and implement an innovation. The objectives in this study were to determine farmers’ attitudes towards transplanter innovation adoption, determine farmer behavior in adopting transplanter innovation and analyze the effect of farmers’ attitudes towards transplanter innovation adoption. This research was conducted in January 2023 in Seputih Agung District, Central Lampung Regency for farmers who are members of farmer groups receiving transplanter machine assistance with 70 respondents. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with statistical analysis of Partial Least Square (PLS) assisted through SmartPLS Software version 3.0. The results showed that the cognitive attitudes of farmers were included in the fairly high category, which means that farmers had sufficient knowledge about rice transplanter machines. The affective attitude of farmers is included in the high enough category, which means that the affective attitude is sufficient to provide support for the attitude of farmers in adopting transplanter innovations. The conative attitude of farmers is included in the fairly high enough category, which means attitudes that tend to be followers or imitators. This also happened in Seputih Agung Subdistrict, farmers wanted to use the transplanter machine if many farmers had used it and acknowledged the benefits they would get. The behavior of farmers in adopting transplanter innovations as measured by selecting seeds and selecting seeds, making nurseries in dapog, setting spacing, setting soil depth, and setting the number of seeds is included in the moderate category. The results of the analysis of the variable attitude of farmers towards the behavior of farmers in adopting transplanter innovations have a significant influence, these results indicate that the greater the attitude of farmers is able to increase the behavior of farmers in adopting transplanter innovations.

Accumulation of Trace Metals in Fruits from Mango and Syzygium guineense Growing in Residential Households from a Contaminated District of Lubumbashi (DR Congo): Is Fruit Consumption at Risk?

Copper smelting has been a source of soil contamination with trace metals in Penga Penga (Lubumbashi). The residents are exposed to trace metal ingestion, and planting trees is challenging in such soil conditions. Nevertheless, planting trees in former household dumps or using various types of amendments has allowed the provisioning of fruits in a few residences. From the perspective of scaling up the process, a survey has been conducted with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of the planting processes on the trace metal content in fruits and leaves of Mangifera indica L. and Syzygium guineense (Willd) DC. Samples were collected from residential households in Penga Penga and Kalebuka (a non-polluted suburb). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the safe weekly consumption (SWC) were calculated for each species. The results showed higher values of total and soluble concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the rhizosphere of the two species in Penga Penga. Metal concentrations were higher in the fruits and leaves from Penga Penga, with 47% of samples above the FAO and WHO thresholds (vs. 18.5% in Kalebuka). The BCF values were below 1, demonstrating the effectiveness of the process in reducing the translocation of metals to leaves and fruits. Recommendations from the SWC limit Pb consumption to 9 kg for mango flesh and Cd consumption to 6.6 kg for S. guineense fruits in Penga Penga (vs. 78 kg and 68 kg in Kalebuka). Finally, the results of this study provide interesting lessons for the scaling up and technical itinerary of planting trees in Penga Penga.

The factors that influence operation risk on pineapple production: A case study in Muar, Johor.

Pineapple is a tropical plant and a warm seasonal fruit that has been cultivated for many years and has started to grow commercially. Pineapple was rapidly growing in southern Johor as the first place in Malaysia. However, there are risks during operation that can affect the quality and quantity of fruit. Uncertainties happen during operations, starting from the planting process until harvesting. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the factors that influence operation risk in pineapple production, determine the most crucial factors and identify the relationship between these factors affecting pineapple production, which have been analysed using descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis in SPSS version 21. A convenience sample of 132 pineapple smallholder farmers in Muar, Johor, was used to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed through face-to-face interviews and phone calls to all respondents. The results revealed that manpower issues were the most important factor influencing operation risk on pineapple production, with a beta value of 0.347, rather than the other three factors. All factors have a linear positive relationship with pineapple production since the p-value is 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Manpower issues have a positive relationship with pineapple production among other factors with the value of pearson correlation is 0.651.

Joy Takes Root by Gwendolyn Wallace

Reviewed by: Joy Takes Root by Gwendolyn Wallace Kate Quealy-Gainer, Editor Wallace, Gwendolyn Joy Takes Root; illus. by Ashleigh Corrin. Kokila/Penguin, 2023 [32p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780593406786 $18.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R 6-9 yrs This summer at Grammy’s home in South Carolina is particularly special for Joy: the little girl will be helping her grandmother as she works in her beautiful garden. Plants, Grammy says, are “our friends and our family,” and they must be tended with care and intention—there is more to the art of gardening than just soil and seeds. Grammy begins the planting process with deep breaths and thoughts of gratitude to her Black ancestors who worked the land for generations; she touches her heart and the ground, listening to the “Earth’s rhythm.” Finally, she breathes hope into the soil, just before dropping seeds into the neatly made rows. When it’s time for Joy to leave, she worries she won’t be able to grow the seeds Grammy gave to her, but by patiently following Grammy’s guidance, she helps them sprout. This is a beautiful ode to both the natural world and intergenerational cultural wisdom that imbues the sequential steps of planting a garden with a deeply felt spirituality. Grammy’s reverence for the garden is grounded in both her labor over the land and [End Page 343] the miracle of growth that comes from it. The mixed media art captures that balance with an exquisitely joyful style, sometimes integrating Grammy and Joy into a world of flourishing vegetation, and other times focusing on their interactions with nature. Textures are richly varied with watercolor-like dappling, stamp-like outlines, and rich saturation; hues are appropriately verdant with radiant pops of color throughout. While the text is a bit heavy for a storytime, this could easily be incorporated as preparation for a classroom or community gardening project. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

A comprehensive strategy for prediction and quality evaluation of standardized planting herbs based on plant metabolomics coupled with extreme learning machine: Astragali Radix as an example.

Standardizing the planting process is an effective way to control the quality stability of herbal resources, which are susceptible to external environmental factors (e.g., moisture, soil, etc.). However, how to scientifically and comprehensively assess the effects of standardized planting on plant quality and quickly test unknown samples has not been addressed. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the metabolite levels of herbs before and after standardized planting, to quickly distinguish their sources, and to evaluate their quality, using the typical herb Astragali Radix (AR) as an example. In this study, an efficient strategy using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based on plant metabolomics combined with extreme learning machine (ELM) has been developed to efficiently distinguish and predict AR after standardized planting. Moreover, a comprehensive multi-index scoring method has been developed for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of AR. The results confirmed that AR after standardized planting was significantly differentiated, with a relatively stable content of 43 differential metabolites, mainly including flavonoids. An ELM model was established based on LC-MS data, and the accuracy in predicting unknown samples could reach more than 90%. As expected, higher total scores were obtained for AR after standardized planting, indicating much better quality. A dual system for evaluating the impact of standardized planting on the quality of plant resources has been established, which will significantly contribute to innovation in the quality evaluation of medicinal herbs and support the selection of optimal planting conditions.

穴盘苗基质块仿真粘结参数标定与试验

To accurately simulate the interactions between the plug seedlings and the planter during the planting process and explore the damage mechanism of the plug seedling substrate block, the bonding parameters of plug seedlings substrate block were calibrated by the discrete element method. The physical puncture test showed that the average of maximum force of the cone indenter on substrate block measured by texture analyzer was 4.633 N. A Hertz-Mindlin with the bonding model was established for the substrate block in EDEM software. A virtual calibration experiment was designed with the puncture force of substrate block as the evaluation index. The two-level factorial test and the steepest climbing test were used to screen out the significant parameters and the optimal interval. Then, the Box-Behnken test and the optimization solution were used to obtain the optimal bonding parameter combination of the substrate block particles. Finally, the optimal parameter combination was simulated and verified. The relative error of the maximum puncture force between the simulated value and the measured value was 1.88 %, which indicated that the bonding parameters of the substrate block obtained by calibration were accurate and reliable.

Phytoremediation Ability of Ornamental Plants Celosia argantea L. and Mirabilis jalappa L. in Plumbum (Pb) Contaminated Soil

Plumbum or lead is a type of heavy metal that is dangerous if it has exceeded the threshold of 0.07 µg/g based on the National Standardization Agency SNI 2004. This type of heavy metal is found in nature such as in soil, water, and air. The purpose of the study was to determine the phytoremediation ability of two types of ornamental plants, namely Celosia argentea L. and Mirabilis jalappa L., against Plumbum (Pb) metal in soil. The growth parameters observed consisted of plant height, plant stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width. The ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) was used to analyze the plumbum (Pb) content in soil and plants. The results ofinitial soil analysis prior to the plant planting process (phytoremediation) were 103.17 µg/g which had exceeded the predetermined threshold. The result of the analysis after phytoremediation of Celosia argentea L. showed plumbum (Pb) content of 49.685 µg/g in soil and 1,9548 µg/g in plants. Similarly, the analysis of Ph content after phytoremediation of Mirabilis jalappa L. was 47.802 µg/g in soil and 5.3077 µg/g in plants. Based on biomass calculation of Celosia argentea L. and Mirabilis jalappa L., the obtained Plumbum (Pb) content was 18.84% and 27.85%, respectively. The percentage of Pb removal of Celosia argentea L. was 51.842%, while Mirabilis jalappa L. was 53.667%. The efficiency of Pb absorption of Celosia argentea L. and Mirabilis jalappa L. was 1.895% and 5.145%, respectively. In conclusion, Ornamental plants Celosia argentea L., and Mirabilis jalappa L., are able to act as phytoremediation agents for Plumbum (Pb) metal that pollutes the soil as evidenced by the decrease in Pb levels in the soil after the phytoremediation process.Keywords: Plumbum (Pb), Phytoremediation, Celosia argentea L., Mirabilis jalappa L.

Анализ воздействия ветровой нагрузки на каркас теплицы для выращивания сеянцев с закрытой корневой системой

Reforestation is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Artificial recreation of forests, including a closed root system seedling cultivation technology, has shown its high efficiency in the conditions where natural recovery didn’t develop at the proper extent, especially in the areas affected by large-scale clearcuts and crown fires. Despite the high cost of the closed root system seedling cultivation technology, it is economically viable due to the high survival rate of the plants and the possibility to carry out the planting process over a long period of time. The industrial greenhouses are used for this technology and their construction engineering must consider the influence of external stress, including wind load that depends on the territorial location of the structure. The purpose of the study is to justify the construction characteristics of a greenhouse frame with a sufficient strength for the cultivation of seedlings with the closed root system. The object of the study is a rigid frame model of the greenhouse. The study was performed in the climate conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The stress and strain analyss are made on the greenhouse construction elements under the conditions of their own weight and wind load using the method for solid modelling. The principal and the peak loads, the dimensions of the most stained areas, the influence of the wind load in these regions are calculated by applying the finite element algorithm for stress analysis simulated in a CAD software. The recommendations for the optimization of the structure are given. For citation: Chernik D.V., Avdeeva E.V., Chernik K.N., Rovnykh N.L. Analysis of Wind Load Effect on Greenhouse Frame for Cultivation Seedlings with Closed Root System. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 195–201. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-195-201

Prospects for the use of seedling technologies in medicinal plant production

Relevance. The article highlights the issues of growing medicinal and essential oil crops, the seeds shortage and the problem of chemical polymorphism of raw materials. As a possible way to solve this problem is considered a wide introduction of seedling technologies for medicinal and essential oil crops. An analysis was carried out and information was systematized on individual elements of the technological process.Purpose. To analyze and explore the possibilities for the introduction of seedling technologies in medicinal plant growing, taking into account the experience at other branches of plant growing, primarily vegetable growing.Methods. Information obtained from literary sources was systematized by individual elements of the technological process, presented in a logical sequence and analyzed for applicability in medicinal plant production.Results. The result of the literary sources analysis, the personal experience of researchers on the use of the seedling method for medicinal, and essential oil crops growing, they showed the prospect the seedlings technology for generatively and vegetatively propagated plants. Thanks to modern growth regulators and fertilizers, it is possible to intensify the process of seedling production, and specifically to increase the germination and energy of seed germination, rooting of cuttings, shorten the period from sowing (planting cuttings) to planting in the ground and get cassette seedlings with a well-developed root system. The mechanization of the sowing and planting processes can significantly reduce the costs of these operations, a longer interval for planting allows you to prepare the field with the highest quality and successfully fight weeds by mechanical means. The technique used for these operations in commercial vegetable growing is suitable for medicinal and essential oil crops without further modification. Conclusion. The widespread introduction of the seedling method can be the best solution to the problem of lack of seeds, difficulties of direct sowing in the ground and a long germination phase, care after planting and weed control in the first period, and will also allow obtaining raw materials with a stable biochemical composition.

Knowledge Level Of Rice Farmers On Transplanter Innovation In The Sinar Kencana Ii Farmers Group Bumi Kencana Village

Sinar Kencana II Farmers Group is a farmer group that received transplanter machine assistance, but the majority of farmers still carry out the conventional rice planting process, only 20% of farmers have used transplanters. Farmers are still reluctant to use and apply transplanter machines on their farms because of limited knowledge and information about the use of these tools. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of lowland rice farmers and the factors associated with the level of knowledge of farmers to transplanter innovation. This research was conducted at the Sinar Kencana Farmer Group II Kampung Bumi Kencana, Seputih Agung District, Central Lampung Regency. The data in this study were taken in October-November 2021. Determination of the number of samples using purposive sampling technique for all members who are members of the Sinar Kencana II farmer group as many as 62 respondents. The types of data taken are primary data and secondary data. Methods of data collection is done by observation, interviews and documentation. This study used census method and the data were analyzed descriptively with a quantitative approach and correlation analysis to see the factors related to the level of knowledge of farmers. The results showed that the level of knowledge of lowland rice farmers to transplanter innovation was generally in the high category with a score of 45,16%, knowledge of how to use transplanters was in the medium category with a score of 35,48%, and knowledge about the benefits of transplanters was in the high category with a score of 41,94%. The variables of formal education, non-formal education, and sources of information have a relationship or correlate with the level of knowledge of lowland rice farmers on transplanter innovation, while the variables of age and length of farming have no relationship with the level of knowledge of lowland rice farmers on transplanter innovation. Keywords: innovation, knowledge, transplanter

CREATIVE LANDING PAGE DESIGN TO SHOW PROGRESS OF “ PETANI SEJAHTERA “ APPLICATION

The farmers in Sukapura village have problems in distributing their harvests due to the large amount of costs in the planting process and the distribution process of their harvests. “Petani Sejahtera” is the name of an application created to assist farmers in distributing their harvests to those who are willing to accommodate, so that the farmers' crops do not accumulate. In the “Petani Sejahtera” application, farmers will be asked to input data from their harvests. To introduce the “Petani Sejahtera” application, a landing page was created as the initial page for the introduction of the “Petani Sejahtera” application as well as to show data and information that have been grouped and arranged, the data and information are the progress of the number of farmers, the number of products, the number of transactions, the number of partner, and a price list of products that have been registered to farmers who use the “Petani Sejahtera” application. The data and information will be automatically updated on the landing page based on the database from the “Petani Sejahtera” application. To make it easier for farmers and potential partner to access the landing page, a website-based landing page was created so that farmers and potential partner can access it using a smartphone or computer via a browser. By creating a landing page, farmers and potential partner know the data and information in the “Petani Sejahtera” application.

Feature Extraction and Identification of Sugarcane Bud Based on S Component in HSV Model

Background: Accurate identification and positioning of sugarcane buds is not only the prerequisite for the automatic cutting of sugarcane bud, but also the premise of intelligent directional planting of sugarcane. Objective: In this study, a feature extraction and recognition method for sugarcane bud was proposed based on the S component in HSV model to identify the position of sugarcane bud center in the sugarcane seed image. Method: According to the observation and analysis of 3D image of the S component in a single sugarcane bud segment after median filtering, the S component value of the stem node area containing the sugarcane bud was concentrated, and there were continuous depressions on the edge of the sugarcane bud. A rectangular template with width of 350 pixels and step length of 35 pixels was created to search for the position with the maximum average component value, so as to indirectly determine the position of the stem node. The 3D geometric space of the S-component was analyzed, and the characteristics of the edge of sugarcane bud in the longitudinal section curve were extracted as the troughs. Finally, the characteristic parameters of the sugarcane bud were used to determine the size and position of the ellipse that approximated the shape of the sugarcane bud, indirectly locate the sugarcane bud, and effectively retain the characteristic information of the sugarcane bud. Results: The test results showed that the success rate of sugarcane bud identification was 90%, and it took 1.58 s to identify an image on average. Conclusion: The method can effectively reduce the deviation of the location of sugarcane bud center, prevent the sugarcane bud damage due to the wrong location of the sugarcane bud and the low germination rate caused by the sugarcane bud facing downward during the planting process, and provide a research foundation for the intelligent and precise planting of sugarcane.

KARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT BUTON (PARIKA) DALAM USAHATANI PADI LADANG DI DESA KAMPUNG BARU KECAMATAN KULISUSU UTARA KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA

Field rice plants are a favorite source of food for the people of Buton Utara Regency, especially before the celebration of religious holidays and harvest festivals. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of parika in the process of cultivating upland rice and the form of local wisdom in the process of cultivating upland rice to meet their daily needs. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data and using a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that the role of parika in the process of cultivating field rice plants is very large, starting from the process of land preparation, planting, maintenance, harvesting, and post-harvest which is in charge of guiding every activity. The form of community local wisdom in cultivating field rice plants in Kampung Baru Village is matantasu which means the midpoint of planting and can be seen in real terms in the planting process.