Planting Process Research Articles

Seasonal Changes in Soil Microbial Community and Co-Occurrence Network of Species of the Genus Corylus.

Hazelnut is one of the four major nuts in the world and has high nutritional and economic value. This study employed Illumina sequencing of ITS rDNA and 16S rRNA genes to identify the seasonal changes in soil microbial community, the predominant environmental factors driving microbial community composition, and the differences in soil microbial composition among different species of the genus Corylus. We found that the soil microbial community composition of species of Corylus changed significantly with the change in seasons. Corylus heterophylla and Corylus kweichowensis had more ectomycorrhiza in their soil compared to Corylus avellane. The main factor influencing fungal community composition in soil was the available potassium, while that of bacteria was the total phosphorus content. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the ratio of positive interaction to negative interaction in soil of C. heterophylla and Ping’ou (C. heterophylla × C. avellane) was higher, while the negative interaction of soil community structure in C. avellane was greater. The bacterial community was more stable than the fungal community according to microbial diversity and co-occurrence network analyses. The findings of this research may facilitate improvements to the production and soil system management in hazel planting processes.

Trichoderma biofertilizer facilitating Leymus chinensis production in different growth stages is strongly linked to dynamically altered soil microbiomes

The most suitable growth stage for harvesting L. chinensis while balancing yield and nutritional value has been poorly studied. Moreover, few studies have examined the response of L. chinensis to different organic fertilization strategies and the potential dynamic soil microbial ecological mechanisms. We conducted a two-year field experiment to investigate the impacts of different fertilizers on L. chinensis biomass and quality and the responses of soil microbiomes at three sampling stages. L. chinensis biomass in organic fertilizer (OF) and biofertilizer (BIOF) treatments was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated compared with that in the control (CK: nonamended) at all sampling stages. Significant difference of crude protein among different fertilization regimes was found in flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Bacterial and fungal HShannon and SChao1 were positively (P < 0.05) associated with L. chinensis biomass. Three sampling stages were primarily and significantly separated in terms of the soil microbial communities. Besides, CK, OF, and BIOF were also significantly separated within each growth stage. Sampling stages, fertilization regimes and soil properties explained 15.0% and 20.8% of the observed bacterial and fungal community variations, respectively. Mantel test results showed that the soil microbial community compositions had a significant correlation (bacteria, P = 0.019; fungi, P = 0.001) with L. chinensis biomass. Our research provides evidence for the relationships between dynamic responses of soil microbial community and L. chinensis production, which enriches the soil microbial ecology promotion theory and contributes to an important theoretical and scientific basis for extensive guidance of L. chinensis planting process.

KEGIATAN PELAKSANAAN PEMELIHARAAN TANAM POHON KAMPUNG BUNGA WARNA WARNI DI DESA SUKALAKSANA RW.01 RT.016

Community service activities in the implementation of the maintenance of planting colorful flower village trees in Sukalaksana Village RW.01 RT.016 as a form of environmental conservation that needs to be cultivated, this activity is carried out with the involvement of the Sukalaksana Village community, Youth Organizations, and a team of KKM Students Group 11 UNBAJA 2021. The Maintenance of Planting Colorful Flower Village Trees in Sukalaksana Village RW.01 RT.016 is expected to be able to make the first tap of public awareness to have concern for the environment, especially in this flower village or also called by its original name Kaningan village. This activity not only aims to realize reforestation in Sukalaksana village, but it is also one of the work programs of the 2021 Unbaja Group 11 KKM team, In this community service program method, the team uses an activity method with several stages, namely the Planting Planning stage, Planting Preparation, Determination of Candidate Locations, Need for Number of Seeds, Planting Design, namely the preparation and selection of plant types. Next is tree planting, namely the stage of the tree planting process, from this community service the results obtained are increasing public awareness to have a concern for the environment and nature conservation, especially in this flower village in Sukalaksana Village.

Integrated Horticultural Practices for Improving Apple Supply Chain Sustainability: A Case Study in the North China Plain

Apple production provides smallholders with low economic benefits, while high environmental emissions limit the sustainability of the apple supply chain. Furthermore, coordination to achieve greater economic benefits and environmental protection, thereby improving the sustainability of the apple supply chain, remains underdeveloped. Here, we have analyzed the current status of the economic benefits and environmental emissions of the apple production process and explored the level of collaboration within the apple supply chain, based on an analysis of farmer horticultural practices for high production, high economic benefit, and low environmental emissions, in combination with substance flow analysis. Our study showed that compared with traditional practice, high-yielding, high-efficiency practice allowed fruit yield, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, and economic benefit to increase by 33%, 61% and 49%, respectively, while soil nitrogen residue levels decreased by 13%. The improvement and adoption of technology in the apple-planting process significantly improved the sustainability of the apple supply chain: the economic benefit increased by 63%, while the nitrogen footprint decreased by approximately 68%. Additionally, the application of integrated nutrient management technology in the apple planting process significantly improved the sustainability of apple production, thereby synergistically improving the economic and environmental impact of the apple supply chain.

A novel particle planting process based on electrospark deposition

A novel electrospark deposition (ESD) particle planting process is proposed to improve the property of abrasive coatings on blade tips of single crystal superalloy, and the mechanism is discussed. Due to the instantaneous discharge energy generated at the contact points of electrode/particle and particle/substrate, a composite layer and metallurgical bonding are formed respectively, with cellular crystals forming in the remelting zone of the substrate. Larger bonding area and pinning effect derived from infiltration and interdiffusion at the interface, resulting in dramatically increased protrusion of the particles, and the apparent holding force is higher than that of brazing and electrodeposition as well, but with a larger dispersion.

The Impact of Global Warming Potential on Pasteurized Goat Milk Production (Case Study from Rantiang Ameh Ranch, Agam Regency, West Sumatra)

The livestock sector is responsible for 14% of total Green House Gasses (GHG) (European Commission (EC), 2019). Life cycle Assessment (LCA) method is a mechanism for analyzing and calculate the total environmental impact of a product in each stage of its life cycle. This LCA study was conducted on pasteurized goat milk produced in the Milk Processing Unit (MPU) Rantiang Ameh and is limited in the scope of cradle to gate where analysis of the production process starting from the feeding process (cradle), maintenance, milking, and pasteurized milk processing. Functional unit used is FPCM (Fat Protein Corrected Milk). This research was conducted with 2 scenarios. Scenario 1 is the existing condition in the field where forage feed is taken directly from nature without the planting process and scenario 2 it is assumed that forage feed is planted on the land special. The results of the life cycle inventory analysis of pasteurized goat's milk production in Rantiang Ameh Farm which has been carried out using SimaPro 9.0.0 software with Ecoinvent 3.5 database and baseline CML method on impact analysis, the amount of CO 2 emissions equivalents that have an impact on GWP in one cycle of pasteurized goat milk production in scenario 1 of 3.52 kg CO 2 eq/FPCM Milk and scenario 2 of 4.73 kg CO 2 eq/FPCM milk

Growth Responses and Accumulation of Vanadium in Alfalfa, Milkvetch Root, and Swamp Morning Glory and Their Potential in Phytoremediation.

Pot experiments with alfalfa, milkvetch root and swamp morning glory were conducted to elucidate the effect of soil vanadium (V) on plant growth and to evaluate their phytoremediation potential under V(V) exposure. Based on biomass analysis, swamp morning glory showed higher tolerance than alfalfa and milkvetch root in response to different soil V(V) levels. The accumulation of V in plants increased with the increasing soil V and the V concentration in roots was 1.95-4.31 times that in shoots. After planting, soil total V, V(V), bioavailable V and water-soluble V all reduced, and the decreases in bioavailable V and V(V) showed significant. The decreased percentage of V(V) in total V in soils demonstrated that the planting process may stimulate the mechanism of V(V) reduction to V(IV). Therefore, the three tested plants, particularly swamp morning glory can be promising phytostabilizers applied to V phytoremediation practices.

Metabolomics Analysis in Different Development Stages on SP0 Generation of Rice Seeds After Spaceflight.

Spaceflight is a special abiotic stress condition. In recent years, it has been confirmed that the spaceflight caused the stress response of rice seeds, and the protein level, transcription level, and methylation level will change during the planting process after returning to the ground. However, the changes at the metabolome level are not very clear. In this study, two kinds of rice seeds, Dongnong423 (DN3) and Dongnong416 (DN6), were carried on the ShiJian-10 retractable satellite (SJ-10) for 12.5 days in orbit, returned to the ground and planted in the field until the three-leaf (TLP) and tillering stage (TS). The results of antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar, and electron leakage rate revealed that the spaceflight caused the stress response of rice. The TLP and TS of DN3 identified 110 and 57 different metabolites, respectively, while the TLP and TS of DN6 identified 104 and 74 different metabolites, respectively. These metabolites included amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, organic acids and secondary metabolites. We used qRT-PCR technology to explore the changes of enzyme genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and amino acid metabolism pathway. Combined with the results of metabolomics, we determined that during the TLP, the TCA cycle rate of DN3 was inhibited and amino acid metabolism was activated, while the TCA cycle rate of DN6 was activated and amino acid metabolism was inhibited. In TS, the TCA cycle rate of DN3 was inhibited, and amino acid metabolism was not significantly changed, while the TCA cycle rate of DN6 was activated and amino acid metabolism was inhibited. These results suggested that the response mechanisms of the two different rice strains to spaceflight stress are different, and these differences may be reflected in energy consumption and compound biosynthesis of rice in different growth and development stages. This study provided new insights for further exploring the effects of spaceflight.

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) pada Buruh Tani Tembakau: Literature Review

Abstract&#x0D; Background: Background: Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) is a form of nicotine poisoning caused by direct contact between the skin of tobacco farm workers and wet tobacco plants during the planting and harvesting process. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of GTS in tobacco farmers. Method: The method used was a literature review. Articles were obtained from the online database Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Garuda Portal published during 2010-2020. The selected article used an observational study design and discussed the risk factors for the incidence of GTS in tobacco farmers. The assessment of the quality of the articles used guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Based on the article search, twelve articles were consisting of three articles from national journals and nine articles from international journals. Article analysis was carried out by comparing the percentage of significant variables in the entire article. This study resulted in the most dominant risk factor for GTS is the use of personal protective equipment with a percentage of 50% of the total articles.

A Simulator-based Planning Framework for Optimizing Autonomous Greenhouse Control Strategy

The rapidly growing global population presents challenges and demands for efficient production of healthy fresh food. Autonomous greenhouse equipped with standard sensors and actuators (such as heating and lighting) which enables control of indoor climate for crop production, contributes to producing higher yields. However, it requires skilled and expensive labor, as well as a large amount of energy. An autonomous greenhouse control strategy, powered by AI algorithms by optimizing the yields and resource use simultaneously, offers an ideal solution to the dilemma. In this paper, we propose a two-stage planning framework to automatically optimize greenhouse control setpoints given specific outside weather conditions. Firstly, we take advantage of cumulative planting data and horticulture knowledge to build a multi-modular simulator using neural networks, to simulate climate change and crop growth in the greenhouse. Secondly, two AI algorithms (reinforcement learning and heuristic algorithm) as planning methods are applied to obtain optimal control strategies based on the simulator. We evaluate our framework on a cherry-tomato planting dataset and demonstrate that the simulator is able to simulate greenhouse planting processes with high accuracy and fast speed. Moreover, the control strategies produced by the AI algorithms all obtain superhuman performance, in particular, significantly outperform all teams of the second “Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge” in terms of net profits.

Effect of sowing density on the agronomic performance of Quinoa Nariño cultivar and the transmissivity of photosynthetically active radiation in the high tropics of Colombia

Quinoa is a promissory crop in the Andean region, on average, grain yield was 1.62 t ha-1 with nearly 2,000 t in the year 2017. This study examined the response of quinoa to the radiation transmission, growth, and development of the crop in different stages, under three planting densities in order todetermine the differential responses and identify which aspects are determinants in the planting and development process and crop yield. For the present experiment, quinoa was sowed in three differentdensities: D1 65,500, D2 83,333, and D3 156,250 plants per ha. This study measured the percentage of canopy PAR transmission, distribution of matter on root, stem, leaf, and panicle, leaf development in leaf area and leaf area index, yield components, weight of 1,000 grains, and harvest index. The results showed that sowing density had no impact on PAR transmission, lower sowing densities obtained the best dry weight of panicle at the end of the production cycle, better yields, and best grain weight. To conclude, the sowing density affects different yield components, while all of them allow theplant to generate the best response within the production cycle.

Study of motion comfort on the roof slope to optimize urban farming

One of the efforts of urban food problems can be resolved by urban farming activities with green roofs application on sloping roofs in crowded settlement. The study aims to know the body movements comfort in the planting activity on the green roof for productive plants with a case study of sloping roofs using simulation. This study is an experimental research by using simulation methods. The experimental variables in this study were height, sex and the range of the planting process. The simulation research uses a growing media module which is placed at an angle of 15 degrees and 30 degrees. The obtained data tested T test method to find the differences level of male and female respondents data. After the T test, a simple regression test was performed to determine the effect of the respondent’s height on the range of the planting process. T test results show that male and female data in each module with slopes 15 degrees and 30 degrees have different results. ANOVA test regression analysis results showed a significant influence between height and distance of planting range in male respondents was 47.5 percent in the 15 degrees module and 49.02 percent in the 30 degrees module, while in the female respondents had a 31.64 percent result at modules 15 degrees and 54.44 percent in the 30 degrees module. The results of both data (male and female) showed that the slope of 30 degrees is more comfortable than the slope of 15 degrees.

A Rehabilitation Experimental Program on Low-Strength Concrete with Steel Bar Planting

Many concrete structures need rehabilitation during their service life for different reasons; poor quality of construction, relatively lower compressive strength of concrete, non-compliance with existing or updated design codes, and buildings that experienced an intensive earthquake are to name but a few. One of the solutions to strengthen concrete structures is to install rebar inside the structural components. In this paper, the effect of steel rebar planting with a constant nominal diameter of 8 mm along with two different lengths (i.e., 35 and 55 mm) as well as two different planting angles (i.e., 0 and 45 degrees) have considered as variables. Therefore, the rebar planting process has conducted on 12 low-strength cylindrical concrete specimens with an initial compressive strength of 15.5 MPa. The concrete column specimens were tested under uniaxial compressive load after rebar planting. The results of this study indicated that rebar planting leads to an increase in the initial compressive strength of the concrete specimens in general. The specimens with 35 mm and 55 mm planted length witnessed an average enhancement of 17% and 23%, respectively. Moreover, considering the angle of planted rebar as another variable parameter, the obtained results revealed that the maximum compressive load for both 35 mm and 55 mm specimens with a planting angle of 0-degree and 45-degree almost followed the same increase and improved by an average of 5%.

PEMANFAATAN KAIN ATAU HANDUK BEKAS SEBAGAI MEDIA PENANAMAN BERBENTUK POT DI DESA SAWOTRATAP, KECAMATAN GEDANGAN, KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

This service is carried out for the community because many used cloth or towels are underutilized, so innovations are needed so that these used clothes or towels have a valuable meaning for the surrounding environment. One of the locations loth or towels is in the Sawotratap Village area, Gedangan District, Sidoarjo Regency, which coincides with RW 11 Hall; this activity introduced that used cor towels can be used used The method used is training and discussion on the processing of used cloth or towels. The processing processes are: Preparing the mould, the immersion process, the drying process, the melting process, the painting process, the planting process. The conclusion is that with community service, training on making pots from used cloth or towels can reduce the negative impact of the presence of used cloth or towels, which can cause the accumulation of dry waste and empower the surrounding community that is tasked with preserving the surrounding environment. In addition to preserving the environment, it can also beautify the area around the house or village where you live

IMPROVEMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL LAYOUT OF POTATO PLANTERS’ COULTER GROUP

Structural layouts of coulters and their groups in potato planters are justified in the article based on the morphological features of the potato plant, its requirements for growing conditions and ensuring the quality of the planting process. The purpose of coulter groups is to form a bed for placing tubers with a loose layer of soil in 5-8 cm and sealing them with loosened soil to a certain depth. To substantiate the type of potato planter coulters that meet the requirements for potato growing conditions to the maximum extent possible, optimize the parameters of coulter groups that automatically ensure the stability of the coulter travel depth when imitating irregularities of the field microrelief. A comparative analysis of the impact on the soil of the most common anchor coulters with a blunt angle of soil entry and a sharp angle with an individual floating suspension is given, and indicators of the quality of their operation are described. It was found that coulters with an individual floating suspension and an acute angle of soil entry meet the requirements for potato growing conditions to the maximum extent possible. In order to ensure travel stabilization of such a coulter at a given depth when imitating field irregularities, a version of the coulter group has been developed that provides automatic correction of the coulter's angle of attack when changing its travel depth. Experimental studies have optimized the parameters of the coulter suspension that ensure automatic imitation of field microrelief irregularities up to 20 cm deep within the initial requirements for potato planting machines. Coulters with an individual floating suspension and a sharp angle of soil entry most fully meet the requirements for potato growing conditions to the maximum extent possible. A coulter group with a suspension aspect ratio of 150:200:400:400 cm and an acute angle of coulter entry into the soil provides automatic maintenance of the set coulter travel depth within the initial requirements (±2 cm) for irregularities in the field microrelief of up to 200 mm. In this case, the bottom and walls of the furrow are not compacted.

The present state of tree planting and removal types of tree planting activities at urban shinto shrines

As a semipublic green space, the sacred forest of the urban Shinto shrine serves as a traditional space, a base for urban ecosystems, and as a place for communities. Its management is entrusted to the priesthood, and tree-planting activities depend on the manager's thinking. The purpose of this study was to understand the purpose and process of tree planting and extermination activities in the sacred forests during the last few decades, and to help determine a policy for the conservation of the sacred forests. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 290 managers in Nagoya City, and the number of responses was 92 (collection rate 31.7%). From this survey we report that there were 43 species of tree planted and 23 species removed—mostly Cinnamomum camphora, Phyllostachys spp., and Pinus spp. Depending on their purpose and planting process, the main tree species planted are Cleyera japonica, Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum camphora, Prunus spp., Cerasus spp., Pinus spp., Chamaecyparis obtusa, Rhododendron spp., and Camellia spp. It was possible to categorize these species into three types of arboriculture systems: use type, traditional type, and landscape type. These types can be used to understand the status of current sacred forests and to formulate conservation policies.

Web Design and Application Programming Interface (API) Smart Farming Application

Agriculture in Indonesia plays a very important role. But the agricultural sector also has a lot of crowds in the process, from the nursery process to the feeding process to the harvesting process, especially when the current Corona pandemic is very influential, for that we need special attention from the parties involved in overcoming the existing problems. In agriculture these processes become more effective and efficient so as to increase the level of productivity of agricultural products. One way to overcome this problem is to involve technology which is currently developing rapidly. The technology that will be built will be able to help the agricultural management process which can be called smart agricultural technology. Technology is able to collect data and present hydroponic plant data during the planting process so that appropriate action can be taken immediately. The technology that will be built in the form of a Web and API (Application Programming Interface) in smart farming applications is expected to be able to make the planting management process more effective and efficient.

MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI ANAK DENGAN MEMBEDAH NILAI-NILAI YANG TERKANDUNG PADA DONGENG CINDELARAS

Confidence in the culture, confidence in the private nation, confidence in the noble values that have been agreed ingrained in the heart is a good planting process used to save from the civilization of several nations. With the increasingly liberal era of globalization requires merging of values in local wisdom. One of the products of this local culture is the folklore from East Java, Cindelaras. The purpose of this study is to find the messages contained in fairy tales or folklore Cindelaras to increase children's confidence and revive old stories so that Indonesian cultures in any form, not eroded by other cultures. The results of the study after studying the research will discuss about what makes reading fairy tales to children increases their confidence, this is related to the values that can be taken from each of these tales. If examined one by one from each incident in a fairy tale, children will take more essence from it. On the other hand this is a step to involve local traditions and culture.

Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from waste cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) flowers

The diversified utilization of cotton waste or by-product will bring great practical benefit for the development of agriculture. In this work, withered cotton flowers were indicated to contain an abundance of bioactive compounds including various flavonols and anthocyanins, as is demonstrated by a targeted metabolomics approach. Subcritical water extraction (SWE), an environmentally friendly technique, was then applied to collect bioactive compounds from the red discarded flowers. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal parameters to extract these bioactive components with hot water and ethanol. When the extraction temperature was 180 °C, the ethanol concentration was 65 % and the solid-liquid ratio was 65 mL/g, the total content of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant activity, was the best. In addition, the flavonoid compositions of SWE extracts were identified and quantified. The most abundant flavonoid was isoquercetrin, with its content of 110.54 mg/g. This study enables comprehensive utilization of the waste resources in the cotton planting process and provides a theoretical basis for a waste-to-profit solution.

Web of Things to control planting seeds and watering plants for indoor smart farm

With the emergence of the Web of Things (WoT) as Internet of Things (IoT) enhancement in web application, the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has developed very rapidly. Its technology has been commonly used in various fields of life, especially in agriculture. One of the crop plants is often achieved by vegetable farming, as vegetables are the staples of daily life. Aim this study is for plating mustard green seeds and watering plant using WoT. This method begins by doing literature review, requirement analysis, design and implementation. The result shows the developing of prototype to planting mustard seeds and watering plant is successful that it can be remotely operated through WoT. The planting and watering process uses Gcode command to carry out seed picks, planting seeds, and water plants.