Plant Tissue Culture Techniques Research Articles

Data Mining Techniques for Analysing Prediction of Time Series Data in Stock Trading by Using Big Data Analytics

This research was designed to study the metal stress on plant species, Lantana camara in culture. Plant Tissue Culture techniques are used as a tool, to study the growth of the plants in presence of the heavy metal Lead. Lantana camara is generally known as notorious weed. Indian region have been invaded by several exotic plants of which Lantana camara is of more concern, because of its rapid spread, intensity of infestation, and resistance to cutting and burning. Lantana is a native of tropical America, and was introduced to India as an ornamental to be planted in gardens and hedges. Since then, the species has spread rapidly into both farm and forest lands, and is one of the most widespread, terrestrial invasive species in India today. Despite of this Lantana camara has immense potential of phytoremediation of heavy metals. The industrial area Govindpura, Bhopal contains this plant in majority at heavy metal contaminated area, thus the study has been carried out to evaluate the response of Lantana camara towards lead. The cultures of Lantana camara were firstly established on M S Media supplemented with BAP, NAA and Kinetin and the stable in vitro plantlets then used for further study. The effect of heavy metals on Lantana camara plants under various concentrations of Lead was studied using in vitro culture. The tissue culture experiments were conducted using M S Media.

Evaluation of the effect of jasmonic acid elicitation on composition of pigments and biological activities in green callus of neem (Azadirachta indica)

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) elicitation on the bioactive pigments' biosynthesis and the antioxidant activities in green callus of Azadirachta indica of two different ages (4- and 8-week-old). Plant tissue culture technique was employed to induce the formation of green callus from leaf explants of A. indica on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/L thidiazuron (CM) and three different concentrations of JA (2, 4, and 6 mg/L). The methanolic extracts from the green callus were used for determination of total chlorophyll content (TCh), total carotenoid content (TC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) through colorimetric and HPLC analyses. The highest amount of yield was obtained from CM and 2 mg/L JA (2JA) extracts for 4- and 8-week-old samples, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids in all 4- and 8-week-old samples elicited with 2, 4 and 6 mg/L JA. The highest value for TAC, TCh, TC, TPC, and TFC of 4- and 8-week-old samples were from callus cultured on media supplemented with 6 mg/L JA (6JA) and 4 mg/L JA (4JA), respectively. The lowest IC50 values were found to be 8.29 ± 0.10 mg/mL (6JA) for 4-week-old and 7.73 ± 0.03 mg/mL (4JA) for 8-week-old samples. The highest Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values obtained in this study were 90.60 ± 1.55 g/g (6JA), and 74.59 ± 3.91 g/g (4JA), respectively, for 4- and 8-week-old samples. Moreover, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between TAC, TCh, TC, TPC, and TFC with ABTS and FRAP assays. In addition, PCA analysis revealed that 83.5% of the information (variances) contained in the data were retained by the first two principal components. Overall, these findings suggested that JA supplementation into the culture media significantly increase the chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, phenolic and flavonoid contents and JA concentrations at 6 mg/L JA and 4 mg/L JA yielded the highest pigments content in 4- and 8-weeks-old callus, respectively.

Effects of Water Deficit Stress on Growth Parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Selected Clones under In Vitro Conditions

Rapid screening methods for drought-resistant genotypes are urgently needed in tree improvement programs in the face of current climate change. We used a plant tissue culture technique to assess the phenotypic response of three highly productive genotypes of Robinia pseudoacacia to water deficit induced by mannitol and sucrose in a range of water potentials from 0 MPa to −1.5 MPa in an eight-week experiment. Our study showed genotype-specific responses to induced drought stress, indicating the potential for tree improvement in productivity and stress tolerance. Considering that all plantlets were constantly supplied with carbon, from the medium during the drought-induced experiment, our results suggest that hydraulic failure rather than carbon starvation may be the main cause of drought-induced mortality. Furthermore, our results showed different metabolic pathways of sucrose depending on the concentration of sucrose in the medium and different responses to osmoticum (mannitol vs. sucrose) and its concentration among the clones tested. We believe, that for large-scale breeding programs wanting to select for drought-tolerant genotypes, the use of culture media containing 90 gL−1 mannitol or 90 gL−1 sucrose at an early selection stage should provide satisfactory screening results. However, lab-based screening should be supported by further field trials, preferably at multiple sites, to assess the long-term impact and phenotypic stability of the early selection strategies.

Total flavonoid, phenolic and antioxidant activities of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro grown plant

Nowadays, natural compounds with phytochemical properties are considered human-friendly drugs because they do not have side effects. Therefore, the importance given to antioxidant compounds, which are also found in plants, continues to increase day by day. Pelargonium L'Hér. ex Aiton taxa are also used as curative in diseases such as respiratory tract infections, dysentery, liver complaints and diarrhea treatment. Plant tissue and cell culture techniques are a good tool for the production of some active metabolites such as polyphenols. It is also known that with these methods, secondary metabolite production is promoted and there are also changes in antioxidant capacity. In this context, it was aimed to determine the total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew plant by growing in vivo (rhizome and above-ground part) and in vitro conditions. When the results obtained were examined, the highest phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the shoot extract in vitro; the lowest phenolic and flavonoid content was determined in the rhizome extract. In our study, 3 different methods (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC) were used to determine the total antioxidant activity. When the antioxidant activity results were evaluated in general, it was observed that the order of activity in all three methods was "in vitro shoot ˃ in vivo above ground ˃ in vivo rhizome". In the DPPH method, plant extracts showed better activity than BHT, which was used as a positive control, and better than BHA in the ABTS method. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between total phenolic-flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The data obtained from this study, it is thought that the plant P. quercetorum has antioxidant activity, and our study will be a step in the search for natural origin antioxidants.

Micropropagation of Paulownia elongata tree through Plant Tissue Culture Technology

The study was carried out at biotechnology research center laboratories for the purpose of Micropropagation of Paulownia elongata tree by using plant tissue culture technique for the purpose of identifying the best plant Micropropagation conditions. The plants were sterilized superficially by immersing them in the Clorox solution, then the sterilized plants were cultured in MS media supplemented with several concentrations of (BA and Kinetin) for the purpose of obtaining the best vegetative growths. Obtained plants were also cultured in MS media supplemented with different concentrations of (IBA and NAA) for the purpose of obtaining the best root growth. Finally plants were moved for the adaptation stage. The results indicated that single-nods cultured in (MS) media supplemented with a concentration of 2 and 2.5 mg / L of (BA) growth regulator resulted in good vegetative growth represented in the number of leaves, while the best treatment of branches growth was using 2 mg / L concentration of the Kinetin (K) growth regulator but For the length of the plant, the treatment of the control achieved the best results. For the root site, the results showed that the culture media (MS) plus 0.2 mg / L of the growth regulator (NAA) resulted in the best root growth. As for the adaptation, the results showed that 85% of the plants could be adapted to the sterile environment of soil with 1: 1 size / volume before transferring them to the greenhouse.

Plants in vitro propagation with its applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries; current scenario and future approaches.

Plant tissue culture technique employed for the identification and isolation of bioactive phytocompounds has numerous industrial applications. It provides potential benefits for different industries which include food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Various agronomic crops i.e., cereals, fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants and forest trees are currently being used for in vitro propagation. Plant tissue culture coupled with biotechnological approaches leads towards sustainable agricultural development providing solutions to major food security issues. Plants are the rich source of phytochemicals with medicinal properties rendering them useful for the industrial production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, there are numerous plant compounds with application in the cosmetics industry. In addition to having moisturizing, anti‐ageing, anti‐wrinkle effects; plant-derived compounds also possess pharmacological properties such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergy characteristics. The in vitro propagation of industrially significant flora is gaining attention because of its several advantages over conventional plant propagation methods. One of the major advantages of this technique is the quick availability of food throughout the year, irrespective of the growing season, thus opening new opportunities to the producers and farmers. The sterile or endangered flora can also be conserved by plant micro propagation methods. Hence, plant tissue culture is an extremely efficient and cost-effective technique for biosynthetic studies and bio-production, biotransformation, or bioconversion of plant-derived compounds. However, there are certain limitations of in-vitro plant regeneration system including difficulties with continuous operation, product removal, and aseptic conditions. For sustainable industrial applications of in-vitro regenerated plants on a large scale, these constraints need to be addressed in future studies.

In vitro asymbiotic germination, seedling formation and tuberization of Orchis sancta

Plant tissue culture techniques have recently become attractive tools for propagating rare and endangered species and producing their economically important natural products. Here, we introduce a protocol for an effective, fast and reliable production route of plantlets and tubers from salep orchid, Orchis sancta, a native orchid species growing wild in Turkey. In the course of this study, the efficacy of basal media and plant growth regulators on asymbiotic germination of mature seed, seedling formation, tuberization and glucomannan contents of tubers were assessed. Amongst all basal media evaluated, Orchimax including activated charcoal gave the best germination rate (62.46%). Supplementing this medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin resulted in the highest germination rate (81.18%). Lowest thidiazuron concentration (0.25 mg/L) was very effective on shoot elongation while kinetin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) promoted leaf formation. The aforesaid basal medium with IBA favored root extension (31.16 mm) and root formation (4.5 roots per plantlet) at 1.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L IBA, respectively. Cytokinins, zeatin (2.0 mg/L) in particular, promoted tuber formation and glucomannan accumulation. Plantlets were successfully adapted to soil step by step.

Genome size and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of field-grown and in vitro regenerated Pluchea lanceolata plants.

Pluchea lanceolata is a threatened pharmacologically important plant from the family Asteraceae. It is a source of immunologically active compounds; large-scale propagation may offer compounds with medicinal benefits. Traditional propagation method is ineffective as the seeds are not viable; and root sprout propagation is a slow process and produces less numbers of plants. Plant tissue culture technique is an alternative, efficient method for increasing mass propagation and it also facilitate genetic improvement. The present study investigated a three-way regeneration system in P. lanceolata using indirect shoot regeneration (ISR), direct shoot regeneration (DSR), and somatic embryo mediated regeneration (SER). Aseptic leaf and nodal explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium amended with plant growth regulators (PGRs), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) either singly or in combinations. Compact, yellowish green callus was obtained from leaf explants in 1.0 mg/l BAP (89.10%) added medium; ISR percentage was high, i.e., 69.33% in 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA enriched MS with 4.02 mean number of shoots per callus mass. Highest DSR frequency (67.15%) with an average of 5.62 shoot numbers per explant was noted in 0.5 mg/l BAP added MS medium. Somatic embryos were produced in 1.0 mg/l NAA fortified medium with 4.1 mean numbers of somatic embryos per culture. On BAP (1.0 mg/l) + 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) amended medium, improved somatic embryo germination frequency (68.14%) was noted showing 12.18 mean numbers of shoots per culture. Histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation revealed different stages of embryos, confirming somatic embryogenesis in P. lanceolata. Best rooting frequency (83.95%) of in vitro raised shootlets was obtained in 1.0 mg/l IBA supplemented half MS medium with a maximum of 7.83 roots per shoot. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to the field with 87% survival rate. The 2C genome size of ISR, DSR, and SER plants was measured and noted to be 2.24, 2.25, and 2.22 pg respectively, which are similar to field-grown mother plant (2C = 2.26 pg). Oxidative and physiological events suggested upregulation of enzymatic activities in tissue culture regenerated plants compared to mother plants, so were photosynthetic pigments. Implementation of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique on in vivo and in vitro raised plants revealed the presence of diverse phyto-chemicals. The yields of alpha amyrin and lupeol (medicinally important triterpenoids) were quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method and enhanced level of alpha amyrin (2.129 µg g−1 dry wt) and lupeol (1.232 µg g−1 dry wt) was noted in in vitro grown leaf tissues, suggesting in vitro conditions act as a potential trigger for augmenting secondary metabolite synthesis. The present protocol represents a reliable mass propagation technique in producing true-to-type plants of P. lanceolata, conserving 2C DNA and ploidy successfully without affecting genetic homogeneity.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13353-022-00727-7.

Determination of Micropropagation Performance of Selected Peach-Nectarin Hybrids in In Vitro Iron Stress

Peaches and nectarines are among the fruit groups that are cultivated and have economic value. Plants with certain characteristics such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses are developed by interspecies hybridization. Reproduction of hybrid plants is carried out by plant tissue culture techniques and their response to stress factors in vitro conditions is examined. In this study, the response of peach-nectarine hybrids to iron stress in vitro was investigated. In this study, 10 hybrids were used as plant material. MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium containing FeSO4.7H2O (100%=27.8 mg/l) at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100%) was used in in vitro iron stress experiments. 1 mg/l BAP was added to the nutrient media. The data on the growth coefficient (sibling/plantlet), plant height (cm) and number of leaves (number) as a result of in vitro iron stress were examined. As a result of the stress experiment, chlorosis was observed intensely in the nutrient medium without Fe, while better results were obtained in all other ratios. As a result of the study, it was determined that the hybrids (RÜ-8, RÜ-46 and VÜ-74) that developed well in nutrient media containing low Fe concentration had better responses to iron stress.

Shoot Induction, Multiplication, Rooting and Acclimatization of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.): An Important and Endangered Curcuma Species

Curcuma caesia Roxb., commonly known as Kali Haldi or black turmeric, is one of the important species in the genus Curcuma. This species has been classified as one of the endangered Curcuma species due to the drastic decrement of this plant in its natural habitat. C. caesia has been overharvested for various purposes, including bioactive compound extraction to fulfill the pharmaceutical industry demand. Hence, this study was conducted to establish a protocol for the propagation of C. caesia via plant tissue culture techniques. In the shoot induction stage, three basal medium formulations, including Murashige and Skoog (MS medium), the combination of Murashige and Skoog macronutrients and B5 micronutrients (MSB5 medium) and woody plant medium (WPM medium) supplemented with 15 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), were used. The results found that the MSB5 medium was the most suitable basal medium formulation for shoot induction of C. caesia. In the subsequent experiment, different types of cytokinin, including BAP, kinetin and 2-iP at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 μM, were fortified in the MSB5 medium for shoot multiplication. The shoot multiplication was further enhanced by supplementing the MSB5 medium with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at the concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 μM. The results showed that a combination of 15 μM of BAP and 6 μM of IBA significantly increased the shoot multiplication with 100% shoot induction, 3.53 shoots/explant, 10.81 cm of shoot length, 9.57 leaves, 0.486 g of leaves fresh weight and 0.039 g of leaves dry weight. After the multiplication, the rooting stage was carried out by altering the basal medium strength into half and full strength and supplementing with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μM of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The full strength of MSB5 medium supplemented with 5 μM of IAA exhibited the highest number of roots and length of roots, with 6.13 roots and 5.37 cm, respectively. After the rooting stage, the plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the potting medium with the combination of cocopeat and peatmoss, and the ratio of 1:1 was found to produce the highest survival rate with 77.78%. In conclusion, the protocol established in this study could be useful for large-scale raw material production, either for conservation or bioactive compound extraction.

Development of Effective Protocol for Four Varieties of Large Cardamom

Large cardamom is one of the most important spices that can significantly contribute to the economical farming in the country of Nepal. It is grown in Nepal and north-eastern states of India which provide suitable agroclimatic growing conditions of high humidity, ambient temperature and high rainfall. Meeting the demand for high quality plants and yield of cardamom is challenging with traditional methods of propagation. The present study has used the plant tissue culture technique to produce high quality plants. In this regard, MS media with three different hormonal combinations were used for the development protocol for 8 weeks. Shoot length, root length, shoot number and root number were assessed at intervals. The best protocol for growth was MS media with 1 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IBA for the Ramsey variety, with no significant difference for Golsai, Dambarsai, or Sikkimae varieties. Similarly, the acclimatization and field transfer study was done. The use of any substrate composition in ratio of coco peat: soil 1:2; moss: coco peat 1:2 and sawdust: coco peat 1:2 enables transfer of healthy plants to the field. The results indicate that the varieties respond differently to the micropropagation process and to hormone concentrations indicated by differing root and shoot production. The protocol of 1mg/L BAP and 0.5mg/L IBA could be used for the Ramsai while optimal shoot production for Golsai and Sikkimae should be at 0.5mg/L and 5mg/L for shoot production. All varieties showed optimal root production at 0mg/L BAP and 0.5mg/L IBA. This study sheds light on the different responsiveness of varieties to tissue culture and hormone concentrations for both root and shoot development in micropropagation.

Glutathione and copper ions as critical factors of green plant regeneration efficiency of triticale in vitro anther culture.

Plant tissue culture techniques are handy tools for obtaining unique plant materials that are difficult to propagate or important for agriculture. Homozygous materials derived through in vitro cultures are invaluable and significantly accelerate the evaluation of new varieties, e.g., cereals. The induction of somatic embryogenesis/androgenesis and the regeneration and its efficiency can be influenced by the external conditions of tissue culture, such as the ingredients present in the induction or regeneration media. We have developed an approach based on biological system, molecular markers, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and structural equation modeling technique to establish links between changes in sequence and DNA methylation at specific symmetric (CG, CHG) and asymmetric (CHH) sequences, glutathione, and green plant regeneration efficiency in the presence of variable supplementation of induction medium with copper ions. The methylation-sensitive Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism was used to assess tissue culture-induced variation, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to describe the glutathione spectrum, and a structural equation model to develop the relationship between sequence variation, de novo DNA methylation within asymmetric sequence contexts, and copper ions in the induction medium, as well as, glutathione, and green plant efficiency. An essential aspect of the study is demonstrating the contribution of glutathione to green plant regeneration efficiency and indicating the critical role of copper ions in influencing tissue culture-induced variation, glutathione, and obtaining green regenerants. The model presented here also has practical implications, showing that manipulating the concentration of copper ions in the induction medium may influence cell function and increases green plant regeneration efficiency.

An overview of plant tissue culture research trends at Areka Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia 2016-2019

Plant tissue culture techniques have encountered a lot of obstacles and breakthroughs as a life-giving technology in numerous field of biotechnology research. Tissue culture technology has evolved throughout times in the world, from shoot tip culture to variety creation. Plant tissue culture may be thought of as a collection of techniques/methodologies that make uses distinct rooms and essential facilities.
 The Areka tissue culture research laboratory was established with the aim of conducting comprehensive plant biotechnology researches. However, numerous challenges and opportunities have arisen in the course of attempting to conduct tissue culture experiments in the lab. In fact, the lab highlighted several accomplishments in a few key areas while also tracking improvement over time. Therefore, this walk-through review offers an overall picture of the lab in relation to the research plans, status, and trends. As a result, contribute to the provision of baseline information for future study advancement.

Biotechnological Research Progress in Jatropha, a Biodiesel-Yielding Plant.

Environmental pollution is one of the most pressing challenges in today’s world. The main cause of this pollution is fuel emissions from automobiles and other sources. As industrialization progresses, we will be unable to compromise on the use of energy to power heavy machines and will be forced to seek out the best options. As a consequence, utilizing green fuel, such as biodiesel derived from natural sources, is a realistic option. Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) is recognized as the greatest feedstock for biodiesel production throughout the world, and it has gained a huge market value in the recent years. Conventional cultivation alone will not be sufficient to meet the global need for the plant’s biomass for the production of biodiesel. Adoption of plant tissue culture techniques that improve the biomass availability is an immediate need. The present review provides detailed information regarding in-vitro plant propagation (direct and indirect organogenesis), somatic embryogenesis, and acclimatization protocols of plantlets for stabilized production of biomass. The review also focuses on biotechnological approaches such as gene transformation studies, production of haploids, and double haploids for developing elite germplasm for high biomass and improved traits for the production of biodiesel.

Procedure for in vitro seed sterilization, germination and aseptic seedling establishment of Zehneria capillacea (Schumach) C. jeffrey

The most important step in plant tissue culture technique is standardizing a protocol for explant sterilization using phytotoxic sterilants. In this study, two sterilants, sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and mercuric chloride were evaluated to determine the most suitable concentration and exposure time for explant sterilization of Zehneria capillacea seeds, an undomesticated diploid herbaceous edible cucurbit that is rarely distributed in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. O.1% mercuric chloride for 1minute and 20% sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes achieved an efficient (95%) seedling establishment. The study also evaluated the effect of aseptic seed coat removal on in vitro seedling establishment. Seeds with intact coat had 0% germination six weeks after initiation into Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium while all the decorticated seeds showed 100% germination with cotyledonary growth and roots one week after initiation, indicating that the seed coat is a major barrier to the in vitro germination of this species. It was also observed that seed orientation during culture initiation influenced seedling vigor and growth. Three weeks after culture initiation, the aseptic seedlings generated from decorticated seeds were observed to have grown 4-5 cm in height with formation of tendrils, apical and axillary nodes, which could be used as explant source for various in vitro culture studies such as callus induction, shoot multiplication, in vitro polyploidization and production of secondary metabolites.

In vitro propagation of Bambusa balcooa by plant tissue culture technique

Bambusa balcooa is a common plant grown in Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand states of India having good cultural importance. The present experimentation on nodal explants of B. balcooa on MS media supplement under particular culture conditions has shown shunted growth in 30 days. Shoot tip explants of B. balcooa seedlings produced multiple shoots on MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) individually and in combination. Shoot tip explants of B. balcooa requires 30 days to initiate shoots. Among the three cytokinins tested, BAP was selected as the most suitable hormone to induce shoot multiplication. The highest shoot multiplication is found by incorporation with BAP (1.5 µg/L and 2 µg/L). The shoot multiplication rates are good with shoot length 2.5±0.3 cm and 3.9±0.4 cm with the highest and maximum shoot generation. The shoot multiplication rate is moderate with a shoot length of 2.00±0.5 cm. Multiplication potentiality was observed in the cluster having more than 2–3 shoots. The best period for recycling multiplying shoots is 2–3 weeks in the old culture. Delaying of the sub-culturing period resulted in gradual browning of the shoots. The sub-culturing period was recorded as the most crucial factor for obtaining the optimal and desired level of regeneration of shoots. The well-grown propagules in the present experimentation were shown successful regeneration. Hence, the experiment concluded with the best growth pattern observed in media containing auxins like BAP and cytokinins like kinetin.

English

Passiflora setacea D.C. is a wild species native to the Brazilian Cerrado, with agronomic and medicinal potentials. The cultivar BRS Pérola do Cerrado is the first registered and protected cultivar of a wild Passiflora and has become an alternative to the passion fruit market due to its desirable characteristics for food, ornamental and pharmaceutic industries. Since plant tissue culture techniques are considered important tools for large-scale production of plants and bioactive compounds, the goal of this work was to evaluate the flavonoid content and the antioxidant potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts from in vivo and micropropagated plants of this new cultivar. Phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/TOF. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH and the iron-chelating assays. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase (CAT, SOD and APX) were also determined. Two di-C-glucosyl flavonoids derivatives from apigenin were registered as major constituents in both leaf extracts analyzed and were identified as vicenin-2 and schaftoside. Despite the low antioxidant potential observed by the DPPH assay, leaf extracts from both in vivo and micropropagated plants showed high chelating capacity. Although no differences in the activity of SOD and CAT were observed, the specific activity of APX was increased in leaf extracts of micropropagated plants. These results suggest that in vitro plants can be used as an alternative for flavonoid production from cultivar BRS Pérola do Cerrado. Key words: Flavonoid content, phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential, leaf extracts, Passiflora setacea.

Advances in Breeding, Bioprospecting, and In Vitro Culture of Laelia Orchid Species

Orchids (Orchidaceae) are plants that are highly appreciated by their beautiful flowers worldwide. Moreover, they represent a source of metabolites with applications in medicine and biotechnology. Within the Orchidaceae family, the Laelia genus is a group of orchid species from the Neotropics and is probably one of the most representative genera of America. Laelia orchids are cultivated by their splendid flowers and are widely used in orchid breeding. Here, we revise the use of the Laelia genus in orchid breeding and metabolite bioprospecting. We also analyze the use of plant tissue culture (PTC) as an alternative to conventional propagation and as a strategy for the recovery of those Laelia species threatened with extinction. We summarize and discuss the recent advances in the application of different PTC techniques for mass multiplication based on asymbiotic germination, organogenesis, protocorm-like bodies development, and somatic embryogenesis, and the advances of in vitro conservation by cryoconservation and the use of slow-growth promoting hormones. Finally, we suggest future directions and venues in research for Laelia species.

Wild banana (genus Ensete) – an underutilised plant as source of food, fodder, fibre and medicine and need for biotechnological interventions

Context Food security, integral to the UN sustainable development goals, has become a global priority. Only a handful of cultivated species meet 80% of dietary intake, and hence, in future, it may be inadequate to depend only on these crops. Aims Wild germplasm is endowed with desirable traits of relevance to food, health and climate resilience and, hence, there is a need to intensify efforts for bringing wild edible plants into mainstream agriculture. Wild banana (Ensete spp.) is a staple food source besides having bioactive compounds, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Methods Ensete species are cultivated in Asian and African countries, and its cultivation through superior clones is done through conventional methods and plant tissue culture techniques. Despite information on the ecological, social and economic features of Ensete spp., there has been no systematic assessment of their nutritional and other agronomic traits. Key results Herein, we provide a comprehensive account of Ensete sp. conservation, domestication, nutritional profile and medicinal importance as well as documenting the biotechnological approaches and identifying research gaps and prospects of these underutilised species. Conclusion and implications We believe this review could form a baseline resource to aid decision-making for improvement of the crop towards sustainable use and domestication of the species in the global context.

Kultur Jaringan Tanaman dalam Produksi Senyawa Antikanker: Artikel Ulasan

Plant tissue culture is one of the main methods to supply the demand of anticancer drug derived from plants. Global demand for anticancer drugs from plants is very high, due to cancer is one of the main diseases that has the highest mortality rate in the world. This review article was written with the aim to summarize the latest developments plant tissue culture techniques to produce secondary metabolites with anticancer activity in the last 10 years. The method used to write this article is a literature review on the PubMed and Google Scholar database. The result showed that plant tissue culture techniques can increase the production of anticancer compounds derived from plants, especially through optimization of growth media, elicitation, and precursor feeding.