Means Of Plant Protection Research Articles

Сучасний стан застосування біологічних засобів захисту рослин в агроценозах України

Goal. To analyze the long-term data on the development and application of biological plant protection products in Ukraine. Methods. Micro­biological, biochemical, entomological, field, mathematical-statistical, and information-analytical. Results. It is established that in Ukraine for the last 20 years the areas of cultivated agricultural lands treated with biological means of plant protection against pests decreased from 8.5% (2000) to 3.6% (2019), and in 2006 the share of the areas treated with bioresources was the lowest (2.9%). Most biological drugs are used against mouse-like animals, gnawing and leaf-eating moths, stem butterfly and pest complex in vegetable and grain agrocnosis, and in orchards. Scientific developments on the biological method of plant protection are given. An ecologically safe system of protection of vegetable crops of open and closed soil is developed and tested. The search for highly effective strains of microorganisms for the creation and development of new biological preparations is carried out. Methods of step-by-step selection with the determination of productive monoisolates to obtain production strains of entomopathogens have been studied. The deep technology of low-tonnage production of the biological product Trikhodermin-R for the conditions of bio laboratories of Ukraine has been improved. Conclusions. It is established that the cultivated areas treated with biological plant protection products decreased every year and in 2019 amounted to 1.8 million hectares out of 49.8 million hectares of all cultivated areas. The Institute of plant protection of NAAS has developed an environmentally friendly system of protection of vegetable crops in open and closed soil against pests and created a collection of highly active and productive strains of entomopathogens, microorganisms-antagonists, predatory nematophage fungi — producers of biological drugs, plant protection products in Ukraine.

Geoinformation system for monitoring and assessment of agricultural lands condition

The article is devoted to the analysis of prospects of application of geoinformation systems (GIS), methods and technologies of remote sensing of the Earth for monitoring and assessment of the state of agricultural lands. The article assesses the possibilities of specialized GIS in improving the efficiency of current crop monitoring, implementation of principles and technologies of organic agriculture. The peculiarities of the structure of perspective GIS for assessing the state and monitoring of agricultural lands are considered. The article describes the main tasks and functions of GIS data, notes the importance of an electronic map as the basis for the integration of cartographic, textual, digital and visual information. The work analyzes the geoinformation system of the region's agro-industrial complex being developed in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main directions of its development have been noted, among which special attention has been paid to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and UAV-technologies, which create opportunities for the operative collection and processing of large volumes of information in the GIS environment for the purpose of solving the tasks of monitoring and assessment of land conditions, which facilitates the transition to the systems of organic and precision agriculture on the basis of a more reasonable formation of directions of application of biological means of plant protection, development of recommendations on the composition of lands, structure of sowing..

Influence of biological means of plant protection on the microbiocenosis of agricultural soils in arid climate conditions

Aim . To study the effects of a biological plant protection agent on the state of the microbiocenosis of agricultural soils in the arid climate of the Astrakhan region. Material and Methods . The objects of study were agricultural soils located in the Kamyzyaksky district of the Astrakhan region. During the experiment the soils were treated with Bacillus atrophaeus ACIM B ‐ 11474. Studies were carried out in accordance with generally accepted microbiological and agronomic techniques. Field experiments were undertaken according to the generally accepted methodology of field and vegetation experimentation in the fields of strategic partner LLC Nadezhda ‐ 2 when growing potatoes. Results . Agricultural soils were investigated for agrochemical, agrophysical and microbiological indicators. Microorganisms involved in the mineralization of organic matter occurring in soil and the mobilization of nutrients were identified. The effect of the agent on the intensity the mobilization processes in the soil and on the activation of decomposition and mineralization of organic substances has been established. The use of the agent helped reduce the number of micromycetes in the soil and on cultivated crops studied. Plant protection has an impact on reducing their incidence, increases potato yields, increases the mass of tubers and reduces the number of diseased tubers. Conclusion . The use biological plant protection agent has a positive effect on the formation of the microbiocenosis and on the phytosanitary condition of the agricultural soils studied, as well as improving the characteristics of agricultural products cultivated on them.

Predation Pressure in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plantations in Southeastern China Measured by the Sentinel Prey Method.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important food product with thousands of years of human use. Being a non-washable food, no pesticide residues are allowed, which increases the importance of natural means of plant protection. Predation, a component of natural pest control, is an important contributor to this, but its level and sustainability are not known in most of the areas of tea production. We quantified predation intensity using the artificial sentinel prey method in a tea-growing landscape containing remnants of the original forest vegetation in Fujian Province, China. The most common predators were chewing arthropods (49.8% of predation events) and birds (48.1%). Overall, predation rates at the edges of forest fragments (18.9% d-1) were lower than either in fragment interiors (25.4%d−1) or in the surrounding tea plantations (19.2–24.1%d-1). Arthropod predation was higher inside, and at the edge of, forest fragments than within plantations, and generally decreased with increasing distance from a fragment edge, indicating limited spillover of arthropod predators from the native habitat remnants to the cultivated matrix at the local scale. Bird predation, though, showed a different trend: it was lower on the inside of forest fragments than in the tea planation, and bird attack rates increased at increasing distances (up to 40 m) from the forest fragment edge. We also found a reciprocal relationship between attack rates by birds and arthropods, suggesting intra-guild predation. Measures protecting arthropod natural enemies could increase the combined pest suppression effect, contributing to pesticide-free tea production in China.

Теоретичні підходи до формування нормативних витрат на кваліфікаційну експертизу сортів рослин

The economic categories and those of the financial and economic account: expenses, rationing, standard allowances, regulatory costs, general production and running costs have been established in order to determine the peculiarities of the monetary costs formation for the plant cultivars scientific and technical expert assessment. The regulatory costs for the expert assessment are determined annually as follows: the cvs favorability for spread, difference, homogeneity, stabil-ity, research of the varieties collection, post registration study, the cultivars certification investigation. The calculation of the regulatory costs are carried out in accordance with the classical scheme taking into account corresponding pecu-liarities as follows; salaries, deduction for the social measures, mineral fertilizers, plant protection means, fuels and lub-ricants, electrical energy, other expenses, the fundamental means restoration. The full cost also includes general produc-tion and running costs. The regulatory level has been established for both the general production costs from the total costs (5 %) and general running ones (10 %). The by-product costs when calculating the production costs are deducted from their total costs. The varieties testing is connected with the expert assessment risks. As a result, the unforeseen costs appear with the pur-pose that the field expert assessment can be guaranteed. The estimation of the actual costs structure which take place really in the process of the expert assessment has shown that the unforeseen costs are 10% of their total cost. In agricul-tural enterprises contrary to the expert assessment institutions instead of the unforeseen costs direct expenses include insurance payment. Taking into consideration the ratio between the overhead and direct manufacturing costs established in the expert assessment institutions when calculating the share of the overhead costs is considered to be 3.5% in the to-tal costs volume.

Synthesis and study of pesticidal activity of some N-arylthio-1,4-benzoquinone imines

Several N-arylthio-1,4-benzoquinone imines were synthesized.Using modern research methods their structures were investigated. A combinatorial library of perspective plant protection means, based on N-arylthio-1,4-benzoquinone imines, was created and their antimicrobial, insecticidal and acaricidal activities were studied. Certain dependencies of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds on their structure have been established. Using the online GUSAR service, the determination of acute toxicity of the synthesized N-arylthio-1,4-benzoquinone imines in silico for rats using four types of substance administration was carried out.

Влияние средств защиты растений на микрофлору почвы и урожайность ярового ячменя

Влияние средств защиты растений на микрофлору почвы и урожайность ярового ячменя

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УДОБРЕНИЙ И СРЕДСТВ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ ПРИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИИ КУКУРУЗЫ НА ЗЕРНО

The maximum yield of corn grain was obtained in the complex application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N 120 P 120 K 120 against the background of the aftereffect under manure and plant protection products and amounted to 8.42 t / ha. Applied means of plant protection increased the yield by an average of 12.5-41.0%. The greatest payback of 1 kg of NPK yield increment was noted in the variant with application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N 60 P 60 K 60 and was 14.4-22.1 kg. Thus, the integrated application of chemicalization means contributes to the maximum realization of the productivity potential of maize for grain and the return on investment. The methods of basic tillage did not have a significant effect on the yield of corn.

Вплив ізатізону та наносрібла SS1000 на ростові процеси, зернову продуктивність та фотосинтез вівса сорту незламний

Вплив ізатізону та наносрібла SS1000 на ростові процеси, зернову продуктивність та фотосинтез вівса сорту незламний

Influence of Plants Protection Means on the Productivity of Naked Oats Under the Conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The article presents the results of field research on the production of naked oats yields, depending on the means of plant protection under the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine. The object of research was the belligerent variety Avgol. The purpose of our research was to study the effects of various protection schemes to obtain the highest yield of oats. In the process of conducting research, the field method of research was used: - to determine the influence of the elements of cultivation technology. From the results of the research, it can be seen that the means of plant protection have an effect on the yield of naked oats. The smallest it was in the first variant with the introduction of the Granstar herbicide (25 g / ha) and was 4.87 t / ha. Intensification of cultivation technology with morphorigulator Stabilan (0.8 l / ha) yields of oats increased to 5.35 t / ha, which is 0.45 t / ha more than the previous one. The morphoregulator thickened the walls of the straw, reduced the height of the plants, and thus protected from falling. In the third variant (Granstar (25g / ha) + Stabilan (0.8l / ha) + Falcon fungicide (0.8 l / ha), the yield increase was 4.98 t / ha, and the growth to the first was 0.96 t / ha Fungicide Falcon protected crops of oats from the defeat of septoriosis, powdery mildew, spots in the phase of tubing. It provided an increase in yields by 0.51 t / ha. Two-time introduction of fungicides (Granstar (25 g / ha) + Stabilan (0.8 l / ha) + Falcon (0.8 l / ha) + Rex Duo fungicide (0.6 l / ha)) positively affected oat crops and contributed to an increase yields to 6.09 t / ha, which is 1.22 t / ha of the control variant. The highest yields over the years have been observed in the fifth variant (Granstar (25 g / ha) + Stabilan (0.8 l / ha) + Falcon (0.8 l / ha) + Rex Duo (0.6 l / ha) + insecticide Fastak (0.2 l / ha)), where it was 6.15 t / ha, which is 1.28 t / ha more than the variant with the application of only Granstar herbicide (25 g / ha). However, the use of insecticides was ineffective in comparison with fungicides. The increase in the yield from the insecticide Fastak was only 0.06 t / ha. Depending on the protection schemes, the protein content did not change significantly and was at 14.42 - 14.44%. Consequently, the yield of naked oat of the variety Avogol due to the introduction of herbicide, morpho-regulator, fungicides and insecticide increased by 1.28 t / ha

Features of the influence of chemical plant protection products on the dynamics of nutrients in plants, their chemical composition and conditions of development

The results of application of herbicides and insecticides in crops cultivated in the Volga region, their influence on processes occurring in plants, changes in the chemical composition and length of the vegetation period are considered. Application of herbicides had a positive effect on the chemical composition of the vegetative mass of spring wheat. The nitrogen content was 0.07 mg% higher than in the control, phosphorus content was 0.16 mg% higher. By harvesting in plots where herbicides were used, the content of all nutrients exceeded control. Weather conditions of the vegetation period have a great influence on the nutrient content. The least amount of nitrogen and potassium was in the vegetative mass of crops in favorable years. The most intensive reduction of nitrate nitrogen after the introduction of chemical means of plant protection occurs in dry years. The content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in millet grain, spring wheat, chickpeas, coriander and oats in variants with the use of chemical plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides) was at or above the control level. It has been established that herbicides and insecticides did not adversely affect plant development conditions in biochemical processes in plants.

ОРГАНІЧНЕ ВИРОБНИЦТВО – ОСНОВА ЗДОРОВ’Я ЛЮДЕЙ І ПРИРОДИ

Розглядається пошук форм і методів сприяння розвитку органічного сільського господарства, споживанню органічної продукції та її поширенню через довготривалу концепцію маркетингу. Тривалість життя в Україні за останні роки зменшилася на 10 років порівняно з європейськими країнами. Природна родючість землі поступово погіршується через надмірне застосування мінеральних добрив, пестицидів, отрутохімікатів та інші негативні чинники. Це призвело до руйнування родючого шару грунту і найціннішої її складової – гумусу, вміст якого знизився за останні 100 років з 13–14% до 3–5%.Це значно погіршило умови життєдіяльності грунтових мікроорганізмів, які забезпечують діяльність органічних речовин, живлення сільськогосподарських рослин, знизило якість вирощеної продукції, що негативно позначається на здоров’ї людей і природі.Виходом з цієї складної ситуації є перехід до органічного ведення сільського господарства, яке на сучасному етапі дедалі більше набуває світового стратегічного напряму.Основними принципами органічного землеробства є: 1) відмова від використання мінеральних добрив і хімічних засобів захисту рослин (отрутохімікатів); 2) використання органічних добрив і сидератів ("зелених добрив", які наповнюють грунт органічною масою і знищують бур’яни); 3) поверхневий обробіток грунту (не глибше 11 см), що є достатнім для розпушування верхнього його шару, захисту від бур’янів, збалансованості мікроформ; 4) забезпечення науково обгрунтованих сівозмін, що забезпечує родючість грунту, боротьбу з бур’янами і збудниками хвороб.

FEATURES OF MONOPOLIZATION OF HIGH-TECH MARKETS IN THE PROJECTION OF PATENT ANALYSIS

The analysis of the transformation of the competitive landscape based on intellectual property rights in the technological field “Seed breeding, selection and production of plant protection means” for the period from 1999 to 2018, which led to the monopolization of the market of elite seeds and plant protection means in 2018, was carried out. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that in the modern format of the world economy, the achievement of market and technological leadership is impossible without superiority in the space of global intellectual property. Therefore, the formation of any technological oligopoly should be reflected in the patent landscape of the corresponding technological space. The focus of this study was the dynamics of the volume of patent rights that appear in companies that are both technological and market leaders and form the technological oligopoly.

The Wide-Coverage Sprinkler With the Flexible Tap and Flying Machines for the Rice Sowing

The article presents the brief analysis of existing technical determinations for spraying, the surface injection of liquid solutions, in the course of which about 75 percent of pesticides used in agricultural production are injected in order to preserve the crop from pests, diseases and weeds. (Purpose of the study) To develop the wide-coverage sprinkler with extended operational and technological capabilities for the rice sowings. (Materials and methods) It has been established that the main criterion for the up-to-date creation of the technical equipment used for spraying is the reduction of norms of the working fluid consumption and the level of environmental pollution by pesticides and also that the domestic machines for this use coming to the market have low technical performance indicators and insufficient reliability. (Results and discussions) The design of a new wide-coverage spraying machine with a flexible tap and vehicles for the spraying of rice and with extended operational and technological capabilities, containing two propulsion units (one with a current generator, the other with a solution tank and a pressure pipeline) has been suggested. They are equipped with the frames with tensioners and are kinematically connected to each other by a flexible carcase on which the vehicles and suspended nodes of the mud channel with spraying machines are placed. The spraying of the rice fields by vehicles confirms the expediency of their application in the rice industry for the ensuring of significant reduction in the crop losses from plant diseases. The production of new chemicals with low consumption rates and enhanced biological activity served as the basis for the development of the proposed design of wide-coverage sprinkler to meet modern requirements for sprayers of this type and intended for the use in medium and large rice farms. (Conclusions) The use of the presented wide-coverage sprinkler will allow farmers to apply intensive technology of rice cultivation on rice farms, and it will significantly increase the effectiveness of protective measures and reduce the consumption rates of chemicals, as well as reduce haul costs and spraying of working liquid solutions. The adoption of new technologies and technical means of plant protection that meet modern requirements are worthy of continued work on their improvement and, in particular, the creation of new technical means of weed control

Innovative plant protection means prepared natural raw materials

Abstract Were developed new compositions preparation against pests and diseases of plant: Insekto-acaricide “Antipest”, Fungicide “Antifungal”, a drug against of overwintering pests “Proinsekt” and nutritious preparation “Si-humate”. The effectiveness of trial oil-emulsion preparation “Proinsect” was assessed by the spread of pests - San Jose scale (Diaspidiotus perniciosus) and mountain ash bentwing (Leucoptera scitella Costa) on treated trees. According to field testing, the efficiency of preparation “Proinsect” exceeds the effectiveness of one of the best imported oily preparation “Sipcomol”, which was selected as a reference. Joint content in composition of synthetic pyretroids with turpentine oil, supposedly synergism takes place (turpentines cause prolonged action of synthetic pyrethroid). In working solutions, obtained from turpentine oil containing composition concentration of pyretroid is low, but it is enough during the whole period of pest development cycle. According to the comparative field testing of “Antipest” and imported preparations, against for fruits pests their efficiency is at almost one level, despite the low content (by 30–40%) of pyrethroid (cypermethrin) in “Antipest”. The developed phosphate preparation “Antifungal” is a little bit less effective compared to Bordeaux mixture. If well take into account significant decrease of intensity of disease spread and development after the action of phosphate preparation, also very low toxicity zinc hydro- and dihydrophosphates compared to the blue vitriol (Copper(II) sulfate), the developed fungicide preparation can be successfully used instead of traditional Bordeaux mixture and in particular against the peach leaf curl. According to the results of field trials, effect, of developed silicon containing humic nutrient composition -“Si-humate” on experimental 2-year-old seedlings apples and peach is on the average 15–17% better than the control ones in terms of growth and development index. It should also be noted that no harmful diseases were found on the treated seedlings. The developed compositional formulations can be successfully used for integrated protection of plants against pests and diseases. Their use is absolutely safe for the human and the environment.

Experimental researches of plant protection means

There was presented and investigated the problem of the application of atomizing tips in the system of processing plants with backpack sprayers in small forms of management and conditions of limited land use. Laboratory researches were conducted using the equipment of the company TeeJetTechnologies, namely for the work on the specified equipment there was designed the dispenser for the selection of atomizing tips of the present design of the sprayer. It will allow you to select atomizing tips for wider use. Also there were designed forms of tables to control the operation of the proposed sprayer based on the processing of one row.

Plant protection means used in organic farming throughout the European Union.

Following the obligatory implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union (EU), the plant protection means suitable for application in organic agriculture attracted the attention of quite a wide group of potential users. In spite of the common rules of organic production, as well as the uniform principles of placing plant protection products on the market, the availability of products that can be legally used in organic crop protection differs significantly among the Member States. There is a uniform list of 10 basic substances that can be used in the protection of organic crops throughout the entire EU. Twelve Member States have official registers of plant protection products for use in organic agriculture, and the total number of qualified products per country varies from 11 in Lithuania to 576 in Italy. Some products that improve plant vigour or resistance and may be of use in protection of organic crops are placed on the market as biostimulants. They fall under the law that governs fertilisers and the systems of their registration vary widely among the Member States. In addition, there exist a number of products that have been legally introduced onto the markets of some Member States without registration as a consequence of a loophole in the law. The use of unregistered products in organic agriculture raises some doubts, but currently it seems that there is no legal basis on which to explicitly prohibit the practice. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Peculiarites of yield capacity formation and quality analysis of false flax seeds dependind on fertilizers and means of plant protection

The results of studies of the intensification of false flax cultivation technology due to the application of herbicide Butizan 400, insecticide Fastak, fertilizers N120P60K120, fungicide Caramba and Piktor, fertilizers Intermag oil and Intermag Bor, leaf application of MgSO4 are given in the article. It is established that the application of plant protection products and fertilizers provided the yield increase from 0.78 t/ha to 3.04 t/ha on the control or to 2.26 t/ha. Oil content in seeds increased from 42.6 % to 47.0 %

NEW HYBRID F<sub>1</sub> OF WHITE HEAD CABBAGE FROM SYNGENTA

Syngenta has been for many years in Russian agricultural market, and presented annually new hybrids and cultivars of vegetable crops, as well as plant protection means against pathogens and pests. This year we have released new hybrids of white head cabbage that have well passed all field trials and have been approved in practice under different conditions. These are ‘Jatodor F 1 ’, ‘Bolikor F 1 ’, ‘Storidor F 1 ’, ‘Elastor F 1 ’ and ‘Lexicon F1’.

STUDY OF THE ROLE OF PERSPECTIVE TYPES OF ENTOMOPHAGES IN AGROBIOCENOSIS OF DAGESTAN

The study of the natural potential of density regulators of pests – such as entomophages and predators is interesting from both an environmental and an economic aspect. Fauna of most species and the degree of their effectiveness in the regional level have been little studied to date. Development of integrated plant protection involves the gradual replacement of highly toxic pesticides by biological means of plant protection, which is based on parasitoids and predators. The results of the study on faunal parasitoids of phytophagous in southern Dagestan are presented in the article, where their efficacies and survival under pesticide treatments have been also shown. As a result of research, the most resistant to the toxic chemicals was phase of Dibrachys cavus Walk. For the first time the information on the ratio among species (phytophage to entomophage) was given in the conditions of Dagestan, where regulatory function of the species in agrobiocenosis and their morphological descriptions were given as well. Species composition of the insect fauna and the dynamic of number of most spread ones were determined on the basis of systematic records in stationary areas according to the methods developed by G.E. Osmolovsky (1964), Paly V.F. (1966, 1970) and Fasulati S.R., (1971) et al. Identification of the species was performed according to identification guide by O.L. Kryzhanovsky (1974). The results are interesting to optimize the methods that can be used to protect the grapes from the most dangerous herbivores.