Plant Allium Cepa Research Articles

Phytotoxicity of trihalomethanes and trichloroacetic acid on Vigna radiata and Allium cepa plant models.

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are a concern due to their presence in chlorinated wastewater, sewage treatment plant discharge, and surface water, and their potential for environmental toxicity. Despite some attention to their ecotoxicity, little is known about the phytotoxicity of DBPs. This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined phytotoxicity of four trihalomethanes (THMs: trichloromethane (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and tribromomethane (TBM) and their mixture (THM4)), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) using genotoxic and cytotoxic assays. The analysis included seed germinationtests using Vigna radiata and root growthtests, mitosis studies, oxidative stress response, chromosomal aberrations (CA), and DNA laddering using Allium cepa. The results showed a progressive increase in root growth inhibition for both plant species as the concentration of DBPs increased. High concentrations of mixtures of four THMs resulted in significant (p < 0.05) antagonistic interactions. The effective concentration (EC50) value for V. radiata was 5655, 3145, 2690, 1465, 3570, and 725 mg/L for TCM, BDCM, DBCM, TBM, THM4, and TCAA, respectively. For A. cepa, the EC50 for the same contaminants was 700, 400, 350, 250, 450, and 105 mg/L, respectively. DBP cytotoxicity was observed through CAs, including C-metaphase, unseparated anaphase, lagging chromosome, sticky metaphase, and bridging. Mitotic depression (MD) increased with dose, reaching up to 54.4% for TCAA (50-500 mg/L). The electrophoresis assay showed DNA fragmentation and shearing, suggesting genotoxicity for some DBPs. The order of phytotoxicity for the tested DBPs was TCAA > TBM > DBCM > BDCM > THM4 > TCM. These findings underscore the need for further research on the phytotoxicity of DBPs, especially given their common use in agricultural practices such as irrigation and the use of sludge as manure.

Photoantimicrobial chitosan-gelatin-pomegranate peel extract films for strawberries preservation: From microbiological analysis to in vivo safety assessment

This study aimed to investigate the application of biopolymeric materials (chitosan, gelatin, and pomegranate peel extract as photosensitizer) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the physicochemical and microbial safety of strawberries. The photosensitizer potential of the materials was confirmed by a light-dose-dependent photobleaching profile. The application of light (525 nm; 50 J cm−2) decreased by >2 log CFU mL−1 the survival of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the photoactive-biopolymeric films. Moreover, the materials did not present in vivo cytotoxicity using Danio rerio (Zebrafish) as well as cytophytotoxic, genotoxic, or mutagenic potentials against Allium cepa plant model, which points out their safety to be used as films without posing a risk to the humans and the environment. The photoactive-polymeric coatings were able to maintain the strawberries weight, and the association with green light was 100 % effective in delaying fungal contamination. These coated-strawberries presented a significant reduction in S. aureus survival after light application (5.47–4.34 log CFU mL−1). The molecular level analysis of the photoactive compound cyanidin-3-glucoside indicates absorption on UV–Vis consistent with aPDT action. Therefore, this study showed that the antimicrobial effects of aPDT combined with photoactive-biopolymeric coatings were enhanced, while the quality of the strawberries was maintained.

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1: characterizations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities and cytogenetic effects

Green biosynthesized nanoparticles have a bright future because they can be produced using a method that is more energy-efficient, cost-effective, repeatable, and environmentally friendly than physical or chemical synthesis. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using the Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1. Several techniques were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. AgNPs showed a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in the UV–visible range at 310 nm. The morphology of the biosynthesized AgNPs was spherical, and the TEM image shows that they ranged in size from 27.3 to 53.1 nm. The notable peaks of the FT-IR results show the different groups for the alkane, alkynes, cyclic alkenes, carboxylic, aromatic amine, esters, and phenolics. Additionally, the results showed that AgNPs had superior antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene, which is a powerful antioxidant. Additionally, AgNPs have antibacterial action utilizing agar diffusion against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and antifungal activity. AgNPs’ anticancer activity varied depending on the type of cancer it was used to treat, including hepatocellular cancer (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and breast cancer of the mammary gland (MCF7). The viability of the cancer cell lines was reduced with increasing AgNP concentration. AgNPs also demonstrated promising photocatalytic activity by reducing methylene blue, safranin, crystal violet, and green malachite by 88.3%, 81.5%, 76.4%, and 78.2%, respectively. In addition, AgNPs significantly affected the Allium cepa plant’s mitotic index and resulted in chromosomal abnormalities as compared to the control. Thus, the synthesized AgNPs demonstrated an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable method for decolorizing dyes as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. This could be a huge victory in the fight against numerous dynamic diseases and lessen wastewater dye contamination.

Assessment of genotoxic effects of wastewater of Kitchener pool, Nile Delta Region, North Egypt, using Allium test

BackgroundIn the present study, Allium test bioassay was utilized to evaluate the effects of mixed wastewater of agricultural and sewage effluents at Kitchener pool, Gharbia governate, Middle Delta region, North Egypt. Germination indices, mitotic index and aberrations, α, β-esterase isozymes and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting were tested by different concentrations of the wastewater (tap water as control, 25%, 50% and 100% wastewater).ResultsWater analysis recorded high levels of electrical conductivity, cations and anions compared to control, but were in the permitted limits according to FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) except Mg2+ and K1+ were above the limits. P, N and heavy metals as Pb, Mn and Ni were also higher than the control. Germination indices showed reduction for all parameters studied (root and shoot lengths, root and shoot fresh and dry weights, and tolerance index). Mitotic index decreased, and the percentage of mitotic aberrations increased as the concentration of treatments increased and the time prolonged. Different types of aberrations were recorded in all treatments and its percentage is time and dose independent. Goat cells are the most common type recorded after different times in all treatments. The expression of α, β-esterase enzymes showed variation in different treatments compared to control and ISSR profiles showed considerable polymorphism. Concentration of 25% mixed water induced different profiles for expression of both α- and β-esterase from other treatments, and the cluster analysis based on polymorphism in ISSR fingerprinting revealed the distinction of plants treated with this concentration and the control plants from those treated with high concentrations.ConclusionIt was suggested that concentration of 25% mixed water may be suitable for growth and act as fertilizer. Mixed water from this pool may be genotoxic for Allium cepa plants at early growth if it is used for irrigation in its present form and usage of this wastewater for agricultural purposes may be harmful and must be partially treated and biologically tested before use.

Assessment of beneficial fungal microorganism’s bio-efficacy in stimulating morphological and physiological parameters of Allium cepa plants grown in soil amended with fish wastes

BackgroundThe increase in the human consumption of fish results in the production of organic fish wastes (FW). For enhanced soil fertility and plant growth at a lower cost and without the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers, these wastes could be employed as a valuable organic fertilizer. To determine the synergistic bio-efficacy of Trichoderma sp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in stimulating the morphological and physiological characteristics of FW-fertilized Alium cepa, as well as to investigate their involvement in boosting soil fertility, the current study was carried out. Overall, eight treatments were applied as follows: AM, Trichoderma sp., AM + Trichoderma sp., FW, AM + FW, Trichoderma sp. + FW, AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW, and control. Growth and physiological assessments of onion plants were taken after 8 weeks from FW application.ResultsOur results showed that FW application combined with AM fungi and Trichoderma sp. inoculations increased aggregate stability of the soil (glomalin content) and soil chitinase activity. Moreover, using the bio-inoculations along with FW amendments significantly (p < 0.05) improved the photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrates, and nutrients content of onion plants. It's interesting to note that the triple interaction of AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW led to the greatest increase in plant height, root length, number of leaves, and leaf area as well as total fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. Besides, AM fungal colonization was at its highest percentage with Trichoderma sp. inoculation, although this percentage decreased with FW addition.ConclusionWe concluded that the combined treatments of AM fungi and Trichoderma sp. along with FW application to the soil can be proposed as a successful strategy for plant performance in nutrient-deficient soils as both fungal inoculants are capable of degrading these wastes and converting them into manure suitable for farming so plants can uptake the minerals effortlessly.

Estimation of DNA damage in the roots of Allium cepa exposed to heavy metals using comet assay

Higher plants were used as a bioindicator of environmental toxicity to estimate the severe problems related to the health of living organisms and the environment. Allium cepa plant was used to evaluate the DNA damage caused by heavy metal exposure, the roots of A.cepa plant. They were treated with four concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 25 ppm) for each of the metals Cadmium, zinc, copper and lead. At the same time, concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 500 ppm) were used for the preservative (sodium benzoate). The comet assay, a sensitive and suitable test for assessing DNA damage caused by chemical exposure, was used in this study. The Comet's six characteristics were measured: Head intensity, Head DNA%, Tail length, Tail intensity, Tail DNA% and Tail moment. The results showed that the metals are causing the DNA damage of meristematic cells of the roots of the A. cepa plant, depending on the tail length from most to least effective Cadmium&gt; zinc &gt; sodium benzoate &gt; copper &gt; lead &gt; wastewater. I consider that it is not necessary to write down these values. The results of this study confirm that the meristematic cells of the roots of A. cepa are a suitable model for detecting DNA damage analyzed by the comet assay. Keywords: Toxic metals - Bio-indicator - Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)

Effect of Different Abiotic Stresses on Allium Cepa Plants: Results from a Field Study of Two Different Seasons

Abiotic factors have the capacity to influence the nature and quantity of secondary metabolites. Alteration of environmental factors during plant growth can affect the production of bioactive phytoconstituents. A six-month field study was carried out in two different seasons to assess the effect of different abiotic stresses on bioactive compounds, i.e. flavonoids and phenols and plant yield of selected Allium species, i.e. Allium cepa L. (AC). (Family Amaryllidaceae). AC plants were grown for six months from November to April and for another six months from May to October on three different soil types (i.e. black, red, clay-loamy) and various stresses (salinity, water deprivation, flooding, fertilizer, metal, shade) were applied on the plants. At the end of the season, plants were collected, dried, and plant yield was determined. Hydroalcoholic extracts of all samples were prepared. Plant yield, TFC, TPC were determined in all the extracts. The results show varied response of AC plants to different soil types, stresses, and seasons. AC plants cultivated on red soil with fertilization give higher biomass yield in both seasons. AC plants grown in black soil under metal stress have highest TFC, TPC. Hence these conditions may be recommended for incorporation in cultivation practices of these valuable medicinal plants to ensure commercial supply of plants with higher phenol and flavonoid content and better plant yield.

Spanish Satureja montana L. hydrolate: Ecotoxicological study in soil and water non-target organisms

Despite the current popularity of herbal and flower hydrolates and the multiple applications found in the food, wood, pharmaceutical, pesticide, perfume, cosmetic, and aromatherapy industries, the effect of hydrolates in the environment is poorly known. This study evaluates the ecotoxicity of the Satureja montana L. hydrolate on water and soil bioindicators and also on the fluvial periphyton mesocosms for a more ecological point of view. The acute toxicity of the fresh water invertebrate Daphnia magna, the bacteria Vibrio fisheri, and the earthworm Eisenia fetida, was quantified as well as the phytotoxic effect on the plant Allium cepa L. Communities of river periphyton were used to study the impact of the hydrolate on the freshwater ecosystems. The taxonomic study of these communities revealed a rich diversity of diatoms. The hydrolate of S. montana showed a high ecotoxicity at very low percentages of hydrolate in all organisms tested and in the periphyton communities. The LC50 varies from 0.05% to 4.25%, with a clear dose-dependent relationship. The effect of the hydrolate in decreasing order was: A.cepa > D. magna > V. fisheri > periphyton > E. fetida. The strong phytotoxic effect on A. cepa allows exploring possible uses of the hydrolate as a bio-herbicide. The Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) characterisation of the hydrolate reveals 1 alcohol and 6 terpenes. Carvacrol (89.03%) and thymol (6.66%) are the volatile compounds found in the highest proportion, products that have multiple biological properties and known synergistic effects, which could explain the high bioactivity of the hydrolate. Our study suggests that S. montana hydrolate could impact different trophic levels of the river ecosystems and can affect the soil functions affecting earthworms due its powerful bioactivity on a wide range of non-target organisms even in complex communities such as the fluvial periphyton. Therefore, although hydrolates can become a good alternative to synthetic products, the use of these products is not free of environmental risks and their release to the environment should be evaluated.

An investigation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of myclobutanil fungicide on plants

Myclobutanil is a chemical pesticide commonly used in the production of some vegetables and fruits like greenhouse peppers, grapes, and apples. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of myclobutanil fungicide on the Allium cepa plant, the model organism. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and inter simple sequence repeat-PCR techniques were performed on the DNA of A. cepa exposed to the different myclobutanil doses and time periods. The nucleus anomalies and abnormal anaphases were investigated using a light microscope. PCR analyses showed that myclobutanil causes some DNA sequence changes on the onion genome depending on the increase in the fungicide dose and exposure time. It was determined that myclobutanil has a serious genotoxic effect, even in low doses like 25–50 ppm.

In vivo genotoxicity assessment of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the model plant Allium cepa L

In vivo genotoxicity assessment of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the model plant Allium cepa L

Single and mixture toxicity evaluation of three phenolic compounds to the terrestrial ecosystem

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are primarily studied regarding endocrine-mediated effects in mammals and fish. However, EDCs can cause toxicity by mechanisms outside the endocrine system, and, as they are released continuously into soils, they may pose risks to terrestrial organisms. In this work, the plant Allium cepa and the earthworm Eisenia foetida were used as test systems to evaluate the toxicity and cyto-/geno-toxicity of three environmental phenols known as EDCs (Bisphenol A – BPA, Octylphenol – OP, Nonylphenol – NP). The tested phenols were evaluated in environmentally relevant concentrations (μg/L) and in single forms and mixture. BPA, OP, and NP did not inhibit the seed germination and root development in A. cepa in their single forms and mixture. However, all single forms of the tested phenols caused cellular and DNA damages in A. cepa, and although these effects persist in the mixtures, the effects were verified at lower levels. These phenols caused acute toxicity to E. foetida after 48 h of exposure and at both conditions evaluated (single forms and mixture); however, unlike A. cepa, in earthworms, mixtures and single forms presented the same level of effects, indicating that interspecies physiological different might influence the mixture toxicity. In summary, our results suggest that BPA, OP, and NP are toxicants to earthworm and cyto-/geno-toxicants to monocotyledonous plants at low concentrations. However, interaction among these phenols reduces the magnitude of their individual effects (antagonistic effect) in the plant test system. Therefore, this study draws attention to the need to raise knowledge about the ecotoxicity of phenolic compounds to help predict their ecological risks and protect non-target terrestrial species.

Fauna and ecology of mining flies of the genus &lt;i&gt;Phytomyza&lt;/i&gt; (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Nagorno-Karabakh

The aim of the work was to study the species composition, as well as some behavior, ecology, biology issues, species distribution of the genus Phytomyza and research of cultivated and wild host-plants in Nagorno-Karabakh. Infected plant leaves, larvae and pupae of the mining flies collected from different geographical zones of Nagorno-Karabakh were served as scientific material. Species composition was determined under laboratory conditions after imagoes hatching from mines with larvae and pupae. Three species were identified, they belong to the genus Phytomyza: Phytomyza horticola (Goureau, 1851), Ph. plantaginis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851) and Ph. lappae (Goureau, 1851). The polyphagous Ph. horticola species infect mainly the plant species of the families Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae. The monophagous Ph. plantaginis and Ph. lappae species accordingly infect Plantago mayor and Arctium lappa plant species. The paper presents features of the genus, morphology and biology of imago, ecological characteristics of their larvae and pupae, mines, intensity and extensiveness of plant infection. The studies have shown that despite the similarity of some species of the genus in terms of external morphological characteristics, they differ in environments of pupal development, and more accurate identity of the species is determined by studying the reproductive organs. Among the studied species, the mines formed on the lower surface are always longer than the mines on the upper surface of the leaf blade. Methods of variance analysis showed that sexual dimorphism is most expressed among Ph. horticola. Taking into account the significant damage caused by the larvae of the Ph. horticola species to a group of vegetable crops, especially to the onion plant (Allium cepa), it can be included in the list of onion pests. The high damage to the leaves of weed plants by Ph. horticola larvae indicates the prospects of using this miner in the fight against weeds.

ESTIMATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT (TPC) OF SELECTED ALLIUM SPECIES OF GUJARAT USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTS

Plants are known as a vital source for so many drugs having different groups like anticancer, antimicrobials, antioxidant etc. Therefore, there are so many plants, which are used widely by the tribal people across the world. As we know that nature can cure everything by one or another way. According to Ayurveda, plants have been known to cure various diseases like cancer, heart diseases, asthma etc. Now-a-days researchers are focusing on estimation and characterization of various plants and their constituents which are responsible for curing so many diseases according to traditional use of plants given in the Ayurveda. As we know plants are capable to produce secondary metabolites and the most important group is phenolic group. Phenolic compounds work as defense mechanism of plants against herbivores and pathogens. The present study represents the estimation of total Phenolic content of medicinally useful plants Allium cepa L. (Onion) and Allium sativum L. (Garlic) in its different extracts of bulb from selected districts of Gujarat. Chloroform was selected as non-polar solvent, acetone as polar protic and methanol and distilled water as polar protic solvent. The estimation of total phenolic content was conducted by using standard protocol. The data generated from this experiment provides basis for the advances in the pharmaceutical industries

Impact of citronellol on river and soil environments using non-target model organisms and natural populations

Citronellol is an acyclic monoterpenoid with a wide range of pharmacological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, anti-lice, repellent, lipolytic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anti-cholesterol, among other) and potential to replace synthetic products. However, the impact of citronellol on the environment remains unknown.We analysed, for the first time, the environmental impact of citronellol on river and soil environments using non-target model organisms and natural populations. The acute toxicity of citronellol on the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna, the plant Allium cepa L and the earthworm Eisenia fetida was quantified. The effect of citronellol in a river ecosystem was analysed using river periphyton communities taxonomically characterised and a river microbial community characterised through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, a microbial community from natural soil was used to monitor the effect of citronellol on the soil ecosystem.The results showed that E. fetida was most sensitive to citronellol (LC50 = 12.34 mg/L), followed by D. magna (LC50 = 14.11 mg/L). Citronellol affected the photosynthesis of the fluvial periphyton (LC50 = 94.10 mg/L) and was phytotoxic for A. cepa. Furthermore, citronellol modified the growth and metabolism of both fluvial (LC50 = 0.19% v/v) and edaphic (LC50 = 5.07% v/v) bacterial populations. The metabolism of the microorganisms in the soil and water exposed to citronellol decreased with respect to the control, especially their ability to metabolise carbohydrates.Our results show that citronellol has a negative impact on the environment. Although acute effects cannot be expected, it is necessary to quantify the environmental levels as well as the long-term and persistent effects of this monoterpene.

Comparative study to assess the complementary action of Homoeopathic medicines [Phosphorus 200 CH (mineral kingdom) and Pulsatilla 200 CH (vegetable kingdom)] as growth enhancers on plant Allium cepa L.

Comparative study to assess the complementary action of Homoeopathic medicines [Phosphorus 200 CH (mineral kingdom) and Pulsatilla 200 CH (vegetable kingdom)] as growth enhancers on plant Allium cepa L.

Prozac® removal promoted by HAP:Nb2O5 nanoparticles system: by‐products, mechanism, and cytotoxicity assessment

The elucidation of photocatalysis and adsorption mechanisms in the pollutant removal, as well as the efficiency for each process, provide key information for polluted water remediation. In this respect, the present study analyzed the application of nanomaterials based on niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) during Prozac® and 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (TFMP) photodegradation. Removals for Prozac® and TFMP were respectively 93% after 2 min and 64% after 5 min. The photodegradation kinetic constants by Nb2O5 nanoparticles were 2.1 min‐1 (R2 = 0.943) and 0.185 min‐1 (R2 = 0.994), respectively, for Prozac® and TFMP, using a Hg-MDEL reactor operating at 70 W microwave power. A detailed study of the mechanisms for Prozac® and TFMP photodegradation was carried out, confirming that the adsorptive, oxidative, and photolytic processes work together to remove and/or convert the compounds into by-products. Therefore, Prozac® and the main by-products were quantified, and the cytotoxicity response was evaluated using the Lepidium sativum and Allium cepa plants. The results showed that 3-phenyl-propyl-methylamine (PPMA) by-product was more toxic than Prozac® to plant growth, exhibiting seed seability of 4% (PPMA), 33% (Prozac®), 77% (α-[2-(Methylamino) ethyl] benzyl-alcohol, MAEB), and 81% (TFMP). Furthermore, the presence of these contaminants may increase phytotoxicity at the cellular level, fostering mutation, and cell death.

The long-term effects of γ-radiation on the growth of Allium cepa plants

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term effects of gamma-radiation, including low-dose radiation, on growth parameters of onion (Allium cepa) seedling roots 6–10 days after irradiation. Materials and methods Onion seedlings were exposed to a 137Cs gamma source at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 grays (Gy). Responses of root and shoot length growth were studied 6 and 10 days after irradiation. Results Our results showed inhibition of the root and shoot length growth 6 days after exposure at all doses, including the low dose − 0.1 Gy. At a later point in time (day 10), root and shoot inhibition was only observed after irradiation at high doses (above 5 Gy), and that suggested the occurrence of cell repair after irradiation at low doses. The results indicated that the length of seedling roots was more sensitive to gamma-irradiation than the shoot length. Conclusion The results of the study suggested that short-term gamma-irradiation of onion seedlings (absorbed doses of 0.1−10 Gy) caused inhibition of plant growth 6 and 10 days after irradiation. The dose dependence of the onion root length was linear. The present study showed for the first time that short-term low-dose gamma-irradiation could induce long-term negative effects on plant growth.

Evaluation of Phytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Novel DMAEMA-Containing Gene Carriers

Abstract—The use of novel carriers for gene delivery has been rapidly growing; thus, investigation of potential phytotoxic and mutagenic action of gene delivery carriers is important for preventing their negative side effects. We found that poly-DMAEMA carriers used in a 0.0025% dose exhibited a weak cytotoxic effect towards Allium cepa plants. In a higher dose (0.025%), they slightly (by 26–55%) increased the level of catalase activity but did not affect the level of superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content in roots of A. cepa. Results of the ana-telophase test in A. cepa demonstrated no genotoxic activity of the polymeric carriers used in a 0.0025% concentration and the higher dose (0.025%). Slight genotoxic activity was detected only for BGP24 and BGP26, PEG-containing poly-DMAEMA carriers, used in 0.025% concentration. The Ames test (–S9 and +S9) revealed no mutagenic potential of the DMAEMA-based polymers. Thus, low phytotoxicity and no mutagenicity of novel polymeric carriers suggest their potential as promising nanocarriers for gene delivery into plant cells.

GENOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF CISSUS LATIFOLIA LAM. AND ITS GENOPROTECTIVE EFFECT ON OXIDATIVE DAMAGE INDUCED BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Objective: This study focused on the genotoxic efficacy of higher concentrations of methanolic extract of Cissus latifolia Lam. and its genoprotective role at lower concentrations against the induced cytogenetic aberrations by 2% hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] on the Allium cepa plant model.&#x0D; Methods: Cytotoxic and genoprotective potential of the plant extract were analyzed using A. cepa assay. The treatment modes that were designed for antigenotoxicity screening were pre-treatment, post-treatment, and concurrent treatment.&#x0D; Results: Results revealed the toxic effect of extract of C. latifolia which induced major chromosomal abnormalities, namely, nuclear lesions, chromosome vagrants, stickiness, bridges, and chromosome breaks. These aberrations were found to be unaltered and showed the potent clastogenic nature of plant extract. As concentrations of plant extract and exposure time increase, the frequency of occurrence of cytogenetic aberrations was also detected to be more. Further, the potential genotoxicity of plant measured in terms of mitotic index reduction also confirms its significant role in inducing mutagenicity. The genoprotective efficacy of extract was identified as its ability to inhibit and reverse the aberrations caused by H2O2 at lower concentrations of plant extract.&#x0D; Conclusions: Dose-dependent data highlight the cytotoxic and genoprotective effect of C. latifolia on the A. cepa model. These findings will help to exploit the plant as an anticancer drug and explore other wide arrays of therapeutic activities of C. latifolia.

Study the Genotoxicity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Adhatoda Vasica on the Roots of Allium cepa L. by RAPD-PCR Technique

The Molecular technique RAPD-PCR used to detect the genotoxicity of different concentrations of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Adhatoda vasica leaves on onion Allium cepa L. roots. Five concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, and 7.5%) and (10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40%) were adopted for alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively. Ten arbitrary primers used in this study, only eight showed polymorphic bands in the gel and two primers were neglected because they did not show any polymorphic bands for all samples. The aim of this study is to detect the toxic effect of the extracts on the root of onion. The emergence and disappearance of bundles in the genome of onion plant Allium cepa L. Treatment with extracts was studied. The genetic relationship tree was established and the genetic distance calculated based on the results obtained from the gel electrophoresis to clarify the toxic effects of the extracts .The results showed that the concentrations that gave the highest effect and the most toxic for aqueous extract is 40% and for the alcoholic extract is 7.5% which are recommended as effective concentrates if used as a pesticide.