Housing Planning Research Articles

INTRODUCTION OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS INTO THE INTERACTIVE PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ARRANGEMENT OF TEMPORARY HOUSING UNITS USING BIM AND PROMOTING AUTOMATION OF THE SYSTEM

In this study, we improved the developed automatic arrangement program for the site planning of emergency temporary housing that runs on BIM mainly for the following two points.

Digital Form Generation of Heritages in Historical District Based on Plan Typology and Shape Grammar: Case Study on Kulangsu Islet

Architectural heritage in historic districts, as a complex type of heritage, encompasses both the uniqueness of the building itself and also shows cultural and regional characteristics as a group, especially for the heritage site that contains multi-culture features. The digitalization research of this type of heritage often focuses on the digital archiving and modeling of heritages but rarely considers the combination of culture analysis and digitalization. This paper develops a digital form generation method for the heritages in historical districts by means of typological plan analysis, the Shape Grammar method, and Grasshopper software. Based on the case study of the modern Western-style house on Kulangsu, a world heritage site and historical district, this paper include three results: (1) dividing the layout plans of Kulangsu modern Western-style houses into three types, that is, native prototypes, foreign prototypes, and mixed prototypes, with 39 sub-types in total; (2) establishing shape grammar for the layout plans of Kulangsu modern Western-style houses with shape grammar sets and “S, L, R, I” expression rules; (3) creating a digital form generation method based on shape grammar result by Grasshopper software, including function cluster creation, function cluster connection and final model generation. This paper presents an example of quantitative analysis of heritage culture and a rapid modeling method of heritage, providing a reference for the construction of a heritage culture database and digital heritage management in historic districts.

Intersectionalizing Housing Discrimination Under Rentier Capitalism in an Asset-Based Society

ABSTRACT Rental discrimination is a key factor in the reproduction of socio-economic inequality under emergent rentier capitalism within the asset society. Our research into the effects of discrimination in the Australian private rental sector shows how factors including age, race, gender and socio-economic status intersect to shape experiences of discrimination. A compounding and exponential discriminatory burden – financial, psychological, and physical – confronts those experiencing discrimination based on more than one factor. Yet, to date, policy aimed at improving housing experiences has largely been ad hoc and carried out in policy siloes. We argue for an intersectionalized approach to housing research, planning and policy, highlighting the conceptual value of intersectionality for responding to structural disadvantage and lived experiences of discrimination amid rentier and asset logics.

Building common understandings of urban inequalities to generate relevant solutions in Lima, Peru

In this article, we analyse the structural causes of inequality in Lima – beginning with a review of the historical context – to propose a multidimensional approach to urban inequality. We discuss spatial, public-institutional and political-social fragmentation and how these factors contribute to the reproduction of urban inequality. We supplement this discussion by describing two initiatives that contributed to the creation of a collective understanding of inequality and strategies to deal with it. First, we worked with marginalized social groups promoting collective care practices to address food insecurity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Along with this, we developed a National Housing and Urban Planning Policy with the Peruvian Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation that included a definition of urban inequality and the creation of an index for urban inequality. In each case, we discuss the difficulties faced, whether by citizens or the state, in trying to reach relevant solutions to address inequalities.

Reducing urban sprawl by optimizing housing production

AbstractScholars demonstrated the importance of house planners in the creation of environmentally friendly homes. Despite the lack of broad agreement on the type of freehold estate that could reduce urban sprawl, the authors agree on the role of government and developers in housing planning and construction. According to a recent study, the government and developers are investing in freehold estates to promote sustainable urban growth. However, this study employs urban growth theories to explain the policy's success. First, we examine the rate of urban growth and the trends in urban sprawl. The affordability of ground‐floor and three‐story buildings is then assessed. The findings show that 19.36 square kilometers of built‐up area contributed to land use expansion in Abomey‐Calavi, Benin Republic, between 1974 and 2015, and four districts are at higher risk of environmental degradation. To mitigate this, three‐story buildings could be inclusive and improve efficient land use, thereby limiting urban sprawl.

Rethinking Soviet Era mass housing in Kazakhstan

Mass high-rise, tenement housing in former Soviet bloc countries, built within the modernist genre, has proved to be problematical throughout the history of architecture and urban planning. This study addresses features of mass housing in the former Soviet state of Kazakhstan, in which planning, artistic, psychological, social, and urban aspects of housing have resulted in the inhabitants? diminished quality of life. The study?s findings reveal specific critical problems regarding typical tenements in Kazakhstan for their inhabitants and for the urban environments they occupy. An interdisciplinary approach reveals both negative and positive characteristics of various types of Kazakh mass tenement housing, with an emphasis on the former. The paper addresses some potentialities and recommendations for renovation that would enhance the quality of life in the urban setting.

THE CHANGE OF LAND USE IN JENDERAL A.H NASUTION STREET MEDAN

One of the factors causing changes in land use is the increasing population. Also, the increasing number of people causes the need for land to increase. In regulating and planning the land use of an area, the government establishes a technical reference in the form of legislation regarding the use of space in an area. Regulation is developed according to the characteristics and needs of the government in the area. Thereby, regional development can be managed and directed according to the use and utilization of the land. Regulations on spatial use are then outlined in a map, i.e., the Regional Spatial Plan Map, making it easier for the government to control, supervise, and plan regional the management and use of regional land properly. This study aims to map land-use changes on Jalan Jenderal A.H Nasution Medan in 2006, 2013, and 2020. Primary data is a mapping of land-use changes obtained from field observations and aerial photos in 2006, 2013 and 2020 obtained from the Dinas Housing, Settlement Areas and Spatial Planning of Medan City. Also, secondary data in the form of Regional Head Regulations were then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The findings of this study serve as an evaluation for the government in making land-use regulations so that these regulations can be targeted and meet the community's needs.

Effect of household size on housing type case study: city of Al-Dujail

One of the most important reasons for the incompatibility of housing plans with spatial development is the presence of shortcomings in the methods of calculating the housing need, as planning studies often tend to set a time ceiling that includes predicting the number of households and housing without clarifying other population characteristics that affect the determination of housing need, such as household size and their life cycle. This research aims to determine the housing needs based on the number of households according to their sizes, to determine the features of the housing development in urban areas, the needs of the household for housing, and then calculate the net residential area. The city of Dujail was chosen to achieve the goal of the research under the premise: that estimating the housing types required based on the housing need according to the size of the household contributes to fulfilling the need of those households for the appropriate housing type and helps in calculating the housing spaces to meet the required need. The population of the city of Dujail was determined according to Cowhart’s method for predicting the population until 2030, estimating the number of households according to their sizes, calculating the housing need, and distributing the need for housing among households based on urban and rural housing standards in Iraq. And to reach a set of conclusions and recommendations related to the topic of the research. The research reached an analysis of the housing need of the city of Dujail at a detailed level of household sizes to identify the subjective need for housing and to identify the factors and variables associated with it depending on the updated housing standards. The research recommended the necessity of compatibility of housing plans with spatial development, due to the presence of shortcomings in methods of calculating the housing need and developing housing models that fit the sizes of different households and the spaces of the minimum standard.

Dualism in the transformation of Balinese ethnic residential architecture in Denpasar

Spatial transformation and building layout of Balinese ethnic dwellings are influenced by the need for residential space and the occupants of the house. The increase in the number of family members in one dwelling impacts increasing the space for living. The development of architectural style as a trend is another factor that changes building layout. This change is a process from the initial state - the spatial and building layout concept of sanga mandala - towards contemporary architecture. These changes are characterized by architectural elements that are subject to change, and the elements that are persistent to change. This research aims to examine the meaning of dualism in the residents of ethnic Balinese residences as a transformation process. The method used in this research is qualitative content analysis, with demographic, economic, and architectural trends approaches and perspectives. The interpretation resulted from the occupants' perceptions of transforming the Balinese ethnic residence in Denpasar. This study's findings are the process of changing the spatial planning and architectural structure of Balinese ethnic houses based on the fundamental concept of dualism in a sanga mandala spatial layout through demographic, economic, and developmental approaches to Balinese architectural trends.

부동산 PF 시장 유동성 강화를 위한 금융정책

As financial markets and economic conditions are rapidly changing around the world and the domestic real estate market is turning into a recession, credit crunch and liquidity risks are expanding in the real estate PF market. Accordingly, in this study, a financial policy plan that can supply liquidity to the domestic real estate market and reduce the delay rate was proposed. First, in the case of using P-CBO, a plan to support desired funds through the issuance of new corporate bonds using corporate bonds of construction companies that are difficult to raise and refinance in the housing finance market as an underlying asset It is a plan to guarantee and purchase from government-run banks and finances. In addition, a plan was proposed to jointly invest by comprehensive financial investment companies and purchase ABCP directly with the funds. On the other hand, in the case of unsold housing utilization, the housing builder's financing plan for unsold housing was designed by dividing it into unsold housing after completion and unsold housing before completion.

주거공간의 유닛모듈 조합 방법을 이용한 설계개선방안 연구

In the domestic construction industry, the number of manpower available for construction is decreasing. As a result, the productivity of the construction site gradually decreases and the quality of construction deteriorates. In order to solve this situation, a new construction method such as a modular construction method is being introduced in Korea. However, research is lacking in Korea due to the lack of standards and cases for modular housing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to lay the groundwork for the study of floor plan development and design standardization for the effective application of modular architecture in small houses. In this study, module specifications were proposed by analyzing domestic laws and regulations, and 75 types of unit modules were developed, and the process of verifying the practicality of unit modules was presented by making a flat surface. This study proposed a plan for modular housing with insufficient cases and provided a basic study on the type and standardization of modular housing design. The study was intended to contribute to the future use of modular construction methods in various buildings.

Housing Modernization and Urban Planning in Vilnius: 1919–1943

Housing modernization played a key role in interwar European urban planning, as it was used to build a new type of healthy and comfortable residential area. This question is also relevant in the case of the city of Vilnius, since from 1919 to 1939 the area of the city did not increase – its limits covered an area of 10 400 hectares, which was approved in 1919. This means that the modernization of housing and related urban planning in Vilnius had to take place in a different way than it had in the rapidly growing cities of East Central Europe, where the growth of a city’s area was stimulated by newly built residential suburbs. In this paper, residential architecture of Vilnius in 1919–1943 is studied based on the theory of housing-based urban planning formulated by Yael Alweill and Noa Zemer. Through an examination of how the Greater Vilnius Master Plan (1936–1939) was prepared, the research follows how the construction of modern housing affected urban planning and functional zoning.

A Preliminary Study of Housing Satisfaction, Mobility, and Adaptation of the Jakartans in 2020-2021

This study aims to investigate the factors of housing satisfaction, mobility, and adaptation for providing suitable housing quality to the needs of the Jakarta residents. Although many housing provision programs are delivered in the capital city to accommodate the housing needs of the Jakartans, its result remains unsuccessful to attract interest from the designated homebuyers in the capital city, especially the middle and low-income groups, due to its unaffordable housing price and potentially unmeet housing preferences and satisfaction. According to the quantitative analysis of 400 respondents, it finds age and marital status are the prominent socio-demographic factors of housing satisfaction, mobility, and adaptation of the Jakartans, followed by various attributes of housing norms. This study encourages the city authority, planners, and architects must thoroughly plan the location of housing planning with sufficient proximity to the public amenities, which also implicates the investment opportunities, land, and building taxes. While adaptable housing design is suggested to enable self-help development by the residents for coping with the unforeseen needs in the future according to their life cycle stages.

Challenges in the Design of Prefabricated Single-Family Buildings with Expanded Clay Technology - Selected Architectural and Environmental Aspects

The architectural form of buildings is determined by many factors, one of the most important is construction technology. It remains in a close and inseparable relationship with architectural design. Contemporary technologies in construction are constantly subject to improvements, streamlining, changes aimed at increasing all kinds of efficiency (cost, thermal efficiency, labor input, etc.). One of today’s widely discussed determinants of changes in the way buildings are designed and constructed is environmental issue. An awareness of environmental degradation and climate change and their consequences prompts the search for increasingly sustainable solutions. This paper summarizes the research on prefabricated solutions and their implementation, especially in single-family residential architecture. This article presents pre-design, design, and post-design experiences related to planning and realization of single-family houses with prefabricated wall technology made of light expanded clay concrete. The authors implemented comparative qualitative and quantitative research through case studies, the method also uses experiences from their own research by design practice. The advantages and disadvantages of prefabrication in the selected technology are presented. The authors attempt to answer the question of whether the individual architectural design approach is reflected in the relevant environmental considerations, including, first, those related to the mitigation of climate change and adaptation to its consequences, and to what extent the discussed technology fits into the assumptions of climate and environmentally responsible design.

The 194x House: Economy, Efficiency, and Prefabrication

The Second World War transformed Florida residential architecture in the 1940s through the development of new technologies: prefabrication, material innovations, increased industrial production, innovations in lighting, and improvement in thermal comfort design. These technological advancements combined with budget constraints and cultural shifts from the Second World War called for a national dialogue to define what was the ideal postwar home. Architects faced tension between the mass-production and individualization of houses in the efforts of planning a house within limited budgets. Thus, the planning of the 1940s Economy House was introduced to address the competing requirements of standardization and customization. Through examining the September 1942 issue of the trade journal the Architectural Forum dedicated to the ideal postwar house or 194x house, this paper looks at how prefabrication and the individualization of homes were able to work together to create the ideal “economy home”. The editors of Architectural Forum, posed a key question for architects and construction professionals: “How can the House of 194x be made the most-wanted commodity in the competitive postwar marketplace” (The Editors, 1942)? The war's rapid technological advancements led the editors of Architectural Forum to conclude that the tension between the mass-production and customization for individual needs would be a key determinant of residential architecture after the war. The technological developments, coupled with the emerging financial constraints in home ownership resulted in a national dialogue on the 194x house. Thirty-three designers presented proposals for the ideal House of 194x in the Architectural Forum September 1942. This paper examines how these designers resolved the conflict between prefabrication and individualization of homes to create the ideal “economy home.”

Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950)

Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950)

Is affordable housing a pro‐poor policy? Evidence from a prominent housing policy in Iran

AbstractThis paper examines if affordable housing as a representative of planning serves the pro‐poor policies or is used as a means against the poor. To this aim, Mehr housing, as the most significant and costly affordable housing planning practice in Iran, is studied by conducting a comprehensive review of 65 different related studies and using data‐driven coding, with results compared with other contexts. Findings are classified into four main categories entitled “production and reproduction of poverty,” “money participates rather than individuals,” “the construction of shelters rather than residential environment,” and “unsustainable affordable housing developments.” Considering the relationships between categories and comparing them with experiences in other contexts indicate that affordable housing planning serves as an anti‐pro‐poor policy using the poor as means, not ends, for the salvation of state and/or society. This process ended in sweeping the poor into formal informalities. Reorientation of power and relying on local settings are pathways for planning to serve pro‐poor policies.

Influence of Employee Welfare Services on Performance of Police Officers in Kenya: A Case of National Police Service in Mombasa County Kenya

Purpose: This research focused on the main problem which influenced police performance as a result of the employees’ welfare services. Some of these welfare services include decent housing, and working conditions. The research had an objective of first finding out the influence of housing on police officers’ performance. Secondly, to determine the influence of housing on police officers’ performance. Thirdly, to figure out the extent to which field equipment influences the police officers’ performance in Mombasa County.
 Methodology: The research adopted a descriptive case study using stratified and simple random sampling approaches. The target population was 1200 police officers with a sample population of 120 selected police officers. The study used questionnaires to collect data. In qualitative data, it also applied content analysis, while in quantitative data analysis descriptive statistics was utilized. The research used Pearson correlation to determine the connection between performance of employees and welfare services in inferential statistics.
 Findings: The research established that employee welfare services had an impact on the performance of police officers in Mombasa County especially in terms of medical insurance cover offered to police, housing and accommodation plan and field equipment. In conclusion the study strongly established that medical insurance cover and field equipment negatively affected the performance of police officers. The nature of hospitals accepted by the medical insurance cover are not outstanding and amount of medical cover allocated annually is inadequate. House allowance paid to police officers also significantly affected the performance of police officers. 
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study will be used to provide basic background information that can be used by various scholars, researchers, policy makers, national police service and other organizations as reference material. The research will aid the government of Kenya in addition to other stakeholders to create relevant methods that will help in improving the welfare services of the various employees in various ministries besides embarking on the best employees’ welfare service practices. 
 

Quantum Healthy Longevity for healthy people, planet, and growth

Quantum Healthy Longevity for healthy people, planet, and growth

Research on the Regeneration Procedure for Reutilizing Vacant Housing Stock in Japan

Since the economic development period in the 1960s and ’70s, old buildings were always considered unsuitable because of the risk of earthquakes or due to new social trends. But new construction finally dropped in the ’90s, and the birth rate also declined and the aging population grew instead. The number of vacant housing stocks have been more than doubled in Japan last 20 years, with 500,000 residences increased every year, and the issue of regeneration and reutilization of old buildings has become a focus. Yet it has not been easy to achieve successful outcomes because of many and complex impediments, interfere, such as legal, social, structural, economic, or tax-related reasons. In this study, through unraveling these complex impediments, effective countermeasures are organized and case examples of regenerated buildings that have overcome these barriers are introduced to clarify how each problem can be surmounted, and these regeneration procedures will be drawn in the shape of process planning that visualizes the steps of measures against each problem. There are five main problems: old housing plans against new social needs; degradation of building structure and materials against new building standards; old technical standards against new technologies; existing legally non-conforming buildings against ever-added new building laws; and old building reliability against possible economic value estimated. These five problems are used to clarify the regeneration procedure in order to propel and increase the fruitful utilization of this stock for the future.