Government Plans Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact Study of the Inclusive and Sustainable Development of the Smart City of the Indonesian Archipelago Capital (IKN): Mix Methods Study

The Indonesian government plans to build a new National Capital (IKN) in East Kalimantan with an inclusive and sustainable smart city concept. IKN development is expected to have a positive impact on various aspects, such as the economy, social and environment. This research uses a mixed methods method, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was obtained through interviews with experts and stakeholders, while quantitative data was obtained through surveys of the community. The research results show that the development of IKN has the potential to have a significant positive impact on the economy, social and environment. However, there are several potential negative impacts that need to be considered and mitigated. The development of IKN can be a great opportunity for Indonesia to create an inclusive and sustainable smart city. However, careful planning and implementation is needed to maximize positive impacts and minimize negative impacts.

Advancing pediatric perioperative care in India: Acontemporary overview.

In the last 30 years, significant advances have been made in pediatric medical care globally. However, there is a persistent urban-rural gap which is more pronounced in low middle-income countries than high-income countries, similar urban-rural gap exists in India. While on one hand, health care is on par or better than healthier nations thriving international medical tourism industry, some rural parts have reduced access to high-quality care. With this background, we aim to provide an overview of the present and future of healthcare in India. With the cumulative health experience of the authors or more than 100 years, we have provided our experience and expertise about healthcare in India in this narrative educational review. This is supplemented by the government plans and non government plans as appropriate. References are used to justify as applicable. With the high percentage of pediatric population like other low to middle-income countries, India faces challenges in pediatric surgery and anesthesia due to limited resources and paucity of specialized training, especially in rural areas. Data on the access and quality of care is scarce, and the vast rural population and uneven resource distribution add to the challenges along with the shortage of pediatric surgeons in these areas of specialized care . Addressing these challenges requires a multi faceted strategy that targets both immediate and long-term healthcare needs, focusing on improving the facilities and training healthcare professionals. Solutions could include compulsory rural service, district residency programs, increasing postgraduate or residency positions, and safety courses offered by national and international organizations like Safer Anesthesia from Education Pediatrics, Vital Anesthesia Simulation Training, and World Federation of Society of Anesthesiologists pediatric fellowships. India has achieved great strides in perioperative health care and safety. It has become the major international medical industry due to high-quality care, access and costs. Crucially, India needs to establish local hubs for pediatric perioperative care training to enhance healthcare delivery for children.

The feed balances sheet: a tool for planning the use of resources and enhancing resilience in tropical grazing livestock

Similarly to other tropical, arid and semi-arid regions of the World, livestock production in the Sahel is based on extensive grazing in rangelands where managing herd mobility (transhumance and nomadism) is key to productivity and sustainability. However, in this region, government planning, impact assessments and climate change adaptation solutions face several methodological limitations and lack of data availability particularly about the feed and forage resources and how there are used by livestock. Existing feed balances at national or regional level in Sub-Saharan Africa are still largely perfectible. To address these limitations, FAO and CIRAD (French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development) have developed a tool called Feed Balance Sheet (FBS) adapted to the Sahelian livestock systems to help countries carry out improved feed balances. This new FBS tool provides the following improvements to existing feed balances in countries: (i) it considers the seasonality of feed availability and quality as well as the seasonality of animal requirements; (ii) it includes protein and energy in addition to dry matter; (iii) it takes into account a wide range of resources, including browsing of woody biomass. This article describes the methodological development and the assumptions underlying this tool, which has already been piloted in 6 countries in Western and Central Africa. It also presents the results from 2 countries (Mali and Chad) and draws conclusions on the tool’s relevance and guidance for its application. It can be used to improve the resilience of pastoral communities in the Sahel and better plan responses to droughts and other types of crises. Its use requires dedicated training and partnerships between governments and science organizations for accessing the appropriate input data. Based on the tool’s experience in six countries (including 2 for which results are presented in this paper), we have confirmed the key role that CIRAD, FAO and their partners must play during the first few years in coaching the different teams at the country level.

Achievement of privatization objectives of Japanese expressway companies

In 2005, Japan’s four road-related public corporations were privatized into expressway companies to achieve three main objectives: steady repayment of interest-bearing debt, early and inexpensive construction of expressways, and provision of various services. Currently, all shares of the three Nippon Expressway Companies are owned by the Japanese government; however, the government plans to consider listing its shares in the future. To promote discussion on further privatization of expressway companies, examining the status of the original objectives and the factors that have contributed to their achievement or non-achievement is imperative. By analyzing the Japan Expressway Holding and Debt Repayment Agency agreement documents and investor relations information, this study clarifies the achievement status of the aforementioned objectives and identifies factors that have contributed to their attainment. The findings indicate that while the objective of repaying interest-bearing debt has been achieved, there is still ambiguity regarding the early and inexpensive construction of the expressway objective. Furthermore, the objective of providing various services has not been achieved. The results indicate that identifying the factors related to the achievement or non-achievement of the objectives can help further privatize these companies more efficiently.

Decision-making model of elderly service companies under government subsidies

This study considers two government subsidy policies, namely, supply-side (subsidising elderly service companies) and demand-side (subsidising elderly customers) subsidies. A Nash game model consisting of elderly customers and two elderly service providers with different levels of infrastructure is developed to present the effects of government subsidies on the price, quality and quantity of demand for elderly services under different subsidy policies. The results show that the economic situation of the region and the strategic objectives of the local government are important factors influencing the effectiveness of the government’s subsidy strategy. For areas with good regional economic conditions, subsidies should be biased in favour of elderly care institutions with poorer infrastructure; for areas with poorer economic conditions, subsidies should be biased in favour of institutions with better infrastructure. Moreover, if the government plans to reduce prices more effectively, then it should adopt a demand-side subsidy policy for areas with a small or large elderly population and a supply-side subsidy policy for areas with a medium elderly population.

Costs and benefits of scaling psychosocial interventions during the perinatal period in England: A simulation modelling study

BackgroundGlobally, guidance recommends the integration of mental health into maternal and child healthcare to address common maternal mental health problems during the perinatal period. However, implementing this in the real-world requires substantial resource allocations. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the likely costs and consequences linked to scaling the delivery of treatment (in the form of psychosocial interventions) during the perinatal period. DesignSimulation modelling. Setting(s)England. MethodsCosts and consequences were modelled for three scenarios of assumed provision of services, whereby one referred to the projected provision under current government plans, with no additional scaling up of treatment. The other two scenarios referred to additional scaling of treatment: in one scenario, this referred to the provision of treatment by midwives and health visitors trained in the routine enquiry about mental health and delivery of psychosocial interventions; in the other scenario this referred to an expanded provision by primary mental health services. For each scenario and in yearly intervals (covering a ten-year period, 2015 to 2024), unit cots and outcomes were assigned to the activities women were assumed to receive (routine enquiry, assessment, treatment, care coordination). All costs were in 2020 pounds sterling. Data sources for the modelling included: published findings from randomised controlled trials; national unit cost source; national statistics; and expert consultation. ResultsIf the projected treatment gap was to be addressed, an estimated additional 111,154 (50,031) women would be accessing treatment in 2015 (2024). Estimated total costs (including cost offsets) in the scenario of projected provision under current government plans would be £73.5 million in 2015 and £95.2 million in 2024, whilst quality-adjusted life years gained would be 901 and 928 respectively. Addressing the treatment gap through provision by trained midwives and health visitors could mean additional costs of £7.3 million in 2015 but lower costs of £18.4 million in 2024. The additional quality-adjusted life years gained are estimated at 2096 in 2015 and 1418 in 2024. A scenario in which the treatment gap would be met by primary mental health services was likely to be more costly and delivered less health gains. ConclusionsFindings from this modelling study suggest that scaling the integration of mental health care into routinely delivered care for women during the perinatal period might be economically viable. RegistrationN/A. Tweetable abstractIntegrating mental health into maternal and child healthcare might generate economic benefits new study by @a_annettemaria and @knappem @CPEC_LSE finds #increasing access to treatment for women with perinatal mental health problems

Empowering Small and Marginal Farmers: Unveiling the Potential and Addressing Obstacles of Farmer Producer Organizations in India

Farmers' organizations worldwide are essential, ensuring collective bargaining power, sustainable practices, and knowledge-sharing. This supports small farms in commercializing and meeting the growing global demand for better and more diverse food choices. India is also experiencing an increase in Farmer Producer Originations (FPOs), crucial in enhancing economic opportunities for small and marginal farmers. FPOs provide a host of services to members, like input supply, procurement, marketing, technical services, financial services, etc. The study delves into the existing literature and policy landscape surrounding FPOs and their role in the economic development of small and marginal farmers in India. This study also analyses the problems and obstacles concerning the growth of FPOs and provides a future direction. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders of the FPOs to understand the background, issues, future goals and member expectations. The results suggest that lack of working capital, poor management, absence of skilled professionals, and dependency on external agencies are the significant problems FPOs face; there is also a need for proactive government support. There needs to be more literature concerning the auxiliary services of FPOs. As the Indian government plans to add ten thousand FPOs in the next few years, the government needs to address the issues regarding lack of working capital, develop a comprehensive database of FPOs, establish performance metrics and determinants, provide management skill assistance, streamline licensing procedures, and foster social capital building initiatives. This research sheds light on the potential of FPOs to empower small and marginal farmers and suggests vital measures for the effective implementation and sustainable growth of these organizations.

Do Consumers Have Colour Aesthetic Preferences for the Facade Materials of Condominium Buildings?

The distinct cultural environment of various regions leads to unique consumer preferences for building facades, including the colours and materials that are used for the exteriors of condominium buildings. Understanding these preferences holds significant industry reference value for urban planning authorities and residential development companies. However, the colour and material aesthetic preferences of consumers for building facades have not received much research attention. To fill this gap, this study empirically investigates these preferences within the cultural context of Fuzhou, China. Using house prices as a reference perspective and econometric methods as research tools, this study explores the specific aesthetic preferences of urban consumer groups and compares the preferences of groups with different levels of consumption. The results confirm the existence of specific consumer preferences for building facade colours and materials and a close connection among the variations in these preferences and various combinations of facade colours and materials. Different quantities and types of materials can lead to distinct preferences for the quantities and features of facade colours. Apart from providing precise professional insights for urban planning authorities and residential developers, this study also offers a feasible conceptual reference for future studies to be conducted in other regions.

Digitalisation of higher education: a methodology for applying modern technology to science teaching

Relevance. When investigating the peculiarities of social relations formation in the 21st century, it should be noted that to a greater extent they are formed under the influence of such phenomenon as digitalisation. Undoubtedly, this factor is also reflected in the educational environment, as evidenced by a number of government programs and plans to modernise this sphere. Thus, the relevance of the issue under study is extremely significant today; in particular, its results are a priority source for further research. Purpose. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate methods and approaches to introduce digital technologies and tools in the process of research in the field of science. Methodology. Of course, this issue is broad enough in its content that a number of methodological tools must be used. In particular, the functional and methodological approaches, and the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, and generalisation. Results. The research resulted in a several important conclusions, among which are both theoretical and practical foundations, which are the basis of the topic in question. Accordingly, the theoretical part analysed the general concepts that form the object of this study and reveal its internal structure. In the practical part, specific digital ways and tools that can be used to implement the learning process in higher education institutions have been studied. Conclusions. The study highlighted that digitalisation is the key to the successful development of the whole educational environment and to improving the quality of educational services in higher education institutions. The practical value of the work is revealed in the fact that it can be used both for the development of curricula in universities and as a source for further scientific developments. In particular, a priority issue for consideration in future research is the analysis of the main ways of involving artificial intelligence in the study of narrow disciplines. Keywords: Salima Medetbayeva, Yelena Bayzakova, Zhanar Zhumagalieva, Bagdagul Kadyrbayeva, Gulnur Dauitova

Exploring the Brussels Effect

The European Union (EU) wields significant influence over global markets through a phenomenon known as the Brussels Effect. This strategy involves aligning EU standards with regulations, effectively positioning the EU as a key driver of environmental and climate trade standards. Within the realm of trade in forest products, the EU has implemented instruments such as the Timber Regulation (EUTR), which was succeeded by Deforestation Free (EUDR) in 2023, and the EU Forest Law, Governance, and Trade Action Plan (FLEGT). These regulations have exerted considerable pressure on Brazil to embrace best practices for timber extraction, primarily by adhering to the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and other private initiatives. The implications of EU influence in this context give rise to both positive and negative consequences, underscoring its significance in shaping global forest policies.

Strategic Innovation and Organizational Sustainability in the context of External Changes in Government Plans

Contemporary studies are now documenting that strategic innovation is crucial for increased organizational sustainability, however, few studies have been done on the effect of strategic innovation practices and organizational sustainability on the framework of fundamental changes in government development plans or economic diversity. A quantitative exploratory study design and analysis was carried out through a survey of 350 plus Saudi employees to explore and study the correlation of strategic innovation practices on organizational sustainability, during the implementation of the Kingdom of Saudi Vision 2030. Findings of this study indicate that strategic innovation is impressively being practiced in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the 2030 vision. The results also ascertained that strategic innovation practices tested in this study are found to be positively related to organizational sustainability during this phase. The research importantly adds to the organizational sustainability and strategic innovation extant literature by clarifying their relationship in an emerging economy during a government structural plan change. This paper offers a first comprehensive and exhaustive review on the link of strategic innovation and organizational sustainability frameworks in an emerging economy. The paper builds as research on progress, of an empirical study on the synergy between strategic innovative practices and organizational sustainability during an economic diversification process in an emerging economy.

THE STRENGTHENING OF FAMILY FARMING THROUGH COOPERATIVISM

This study focuses on family farming, with the cooperative model as a strengthening factor for this agricultural approach. The problem lies in the lack of information that educates small-scale farmers for planned production, enabling them to market their products within existing programs and integrating family farming into this specific issue. To foster the production and profits of small-scale farmers, cooperatives act as mechanisms to encourage production, distribution, and marketing of their products. They also play a role in development, implementing innovative mechanisms for quality production and offering training courses that motivate this class to adopt existing public policies for this issue. The research assumes that public policies for family rural producers are insufficient yet necessary, as the deficiency affects the entire production chain. The deductive method is employed, exploring legal texts, legislation, and existing government plans. Through the development of a horizontal research approach encompassing cooperatives in the sector, it is possible to identify gaps that can be addressed to positively impact the market relationship of family producers.

Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity?

Governments are under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and large-scale wind farms are being developed in marine environments worldwide. However, top predators are strongly affected by environmental change and anthropogenic activities. Common guillemots (Uria aalge, hereafter guillemots), as one of the world’s most numerous seabird species, are prone to interference with offshore wind farms (OWFs). This study assessed the cumulative impacts of all operating OWFs on guillemots in the German North Sea. These estimates were applied to quantify the possible conflicts between guillemot occurrence and current German government plans to implement large-scale OWFs. If OWFs were implemented according to the current maritime spatial plan for the German Exclusive Economic zone, they would cover 13% of the German North Sea. Guillemot numbers peak during autumn, with German North Sea offshore waters hosting approximately 90,000 individuals. Guillemot density in autumn was significantly reduced within a radius of 19.5 km around operating OWFs. Applying this disturbance distance to current installation plans, about 70% of the German North Sea would be affected, and an estimated 68% of guillemots in the German North Sea would experience habitat loss. This highlights the possible threat to guillemots in the southern North Sea if the current German government plans are implemented. The current estimates are highly relevant to decisions regarding marine spatial planning and management recommendations. Such evaluations are essential for developing sustainable scenarios including reducing the human CO2 footprint, whilst also conserving biodiversity.

A Review Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GEO-AI): Implementation Of Machine Learning On Urban Planning

Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (Geo-AI) is an interesting topic in its development and application in our lives. One of them is spatial planning, which contributes to the economic and social development of a region or country. Spatial data is the main thing in this research, which maximizes the effectiveness of land use spatial data on the area as upstream data and develops GIS-based urban planning applications to display the results of analysis and predictions of urban objects automatically. On the other hand, to maximize tourism revenue, the government plans urban areas for both spatial and land use and makes a lot of spatial data based on geographical and environmental conditions. This study will analyze the benefits of Geo-AI in urban planning and the tourism sector. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), where the search for the required articles comes from electronic databases obtained using the NVivo software with article sources from Publish or Perish. This study discusses the main steps for the analysis of geospatial data that have been successful in the main areas, namely the development of applications and models, including visualization. By treating issues in geospatial artificial intelligence, the overall aim of the research is to improve the quality of life for Indonesia's growing urban population. The results of the study with the systematic literature review of Geo-AI found a gap in the research implementation of the machine learning model used where five models were compared and relevant to the geospatial dataset displayed in the form of a literature review matrix and visually included in the relevant keywords in the bibliometric analysis. Interdisciplinary results are developing and are urgently needed by both government and private stakeholders in the development of smart cities to prepare spatial planning in urban areas and strategies in optimizing technology in the field of spatial planning in implementing systems based on Geo-AI.

A Path to Risk: Critical Elements of a Structured Approach.

Value-based care arrangements have been the cornerstone of accountable care for decades. Risk arrangements with government and commercial insurance plans are ubiquitous, with most contracts focusing on upside risk only, meaning payers reward providers for good performance without punishing them for poor performance on quality and cost. However, payers are increasingly moving into downside risk arrangements, bringing to mind global capitation in the 1990s wherein several health systems failed. In this article, the authors focus on their framework for succeeding in value-based arrangements at University Hospitals Accountable Care Organization, including essential structural elements that provider organizations need to successfully assume downside risk in value-based arrangements. These elements include quality performance and reporting, risk adjustment, utilization management, care management and clinical services, network integrity, technology, and contracting and financial reconciliation. Each of these elements has an important place in the strategic roadmap to value, even if downside risk is not taken. This roadmap was developed through an applied approach and intends to fill the gap in published practical models of how provider organizations can maneuver value-based arrangements.

Deprivation Spatial Concentration in a Developing Country: Evidence from Iran

This study is an attempt to locate deprived areas and explore the causes of spatially concentrated deprivation in Iran as a developing country. A systematic review was conducted of geographical and place‐based analyses that considered multiple deprivation, and deprived parts of the country were identified. Findings show the dominance of relative meaning of the concept in studies that overlap with rural areas and borders. There is good evidence that this part is entrapped in multideprivation as deprived and was identified not only in a single domain; moreover, a strong emphasis was placed on infrastructure, housing, communication, health, income, and employment, while in contrast to the literature, there was no strong emphasis on education. Deprivation was enhanced by increasing migration; it is not just migration of people, especially specialists, but also migration of investments that is important to mobilize deprived settings' potential for an endogenous development. This is essential, as results highlighted the failure of government planning policies to lift the deprived parts of the country out of deprivation; rather they enhance vicious circles of deprivation caused by persistence of the most deprived provinces at the bottom of the ranking list for several decades. Review shows deprivation as a result of inequality in Iran.

How smart and sustainable are the cities in Turkiye? - National policies and the enthusiasm level of the local governments

In the past decade, the importance of the smart city applications has gained popularity by the city governments to use their resources in an efficient and effective way, present better services and quality of life for their residents, make their cities more competitive, provide better disaster management. As the world has experienced crisis such as energy and grain in the recent past due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine, the management of the resources has become more important for the countries and local governments, as well. In this study national government plans of Turkiye, such as Eleventh Development Plan and 2020–2023 National Strategy and Action Plan for Smart Cities, have been addressed as reference documents and the actions of some city governments, including the most populous city, Istanbul and the capital, Ankara, have been examined with the purpose of determining the level of smart city willingness. This study peruses the degree of enthusiasm of the local governments to become smart and maintain sustainable city services considering the main smart city characteristics. Based on the information gathered concerning the selected cities, it has been observed that the cities having populations quite lower than the great metropolitans such as Istanbul and Ankara are more enthusiastic and successful to provide services for their citizens that can be associated with the smart city concept.

Pengembangan Kawasan Berkarakter Urban Crack melalui Desain Pasar Tematik Berbasis Material Daur Ulang Kain di Ciakar, Tangerang

Ciakar Village, located in Panongan sub-district, Tangerang Regency, Banten, experienced significant physical spatial development, namely land use change from agriculture to settlements. The phenomenon of urban crack emerged as a result of this development. Urban crack refers to a narrow area hidden behind a prosperous and once thriving area that no longer has energy and is intrinsically characterized by emptiness. Urban crack in Ciakar village is triggered by the gated community system in the housing clusters that flank the site, resulting in street space that tends to be unmanaged and neglected which is then utilized wildly for plantations, kiosks, garbage disposal areas because there is no control and supervision.
 The Ciakar village government plans to activate and revitalize this area by injecting a thematic market function that is expected to improve the quality of urban space as well as become an economic space for informal communities in improving their standard of living. The concept of a thematic market that combines culinary areas, shopping tours, educational tours, community activities by promoting local wisdom in the form of a park that can be built at an affordable cost. PKM UPH team contributed to propose the design of this thematic market. In the design process, there are two scales of design. Micro-scale design produces affordable building materials by utilizing fabric-based recycled materials with experimental methods to produce prototypes. The macro-scale design produces architectural design ideas for the thematic market by considering the existing context. In this study, the team used qualitative research methods. Data were collected from activities: field observations and Forum Group Discussions (FGDs) involving Ciakar Village government officials and community members. The design method used was a participatory design approach.

Analisis Determinan Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Dan Penataan Ruang Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara

The North Sumatra provincial government's public works and spatial planning department is a government agency which operates in the field of building, maintaining, checking and controlling roads in North Sumatra. This research aims to determine the influence of human resource competence, use of information technology and internal control systems on the quality of the financial reports of the public works department and spatial planning of the North Sumatra provincial government. This research uses a quantitative approach method with the type of data used in this research using primary data by distributing questionnaires to 36 respondents as a data collection tool, the data analysis used in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis, the population used in this research is staff of the finance department of the public works and spatial planning department of the North Sumatra provincial government. The results of the research show that human resource competence in the use of information technology and internal control systems has a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial reports. Keywords: HR Competency, Information Technology, Internal Control, Quality of Financial Reports.

Big costs for tiny houses: exploring the transaction costs of developing tiny houses in England

The housing market in England is in crisis, in terms of both availability and costs of housing. Although it is not a solution for everyone, many advocates of the tiny house movement promote developing small houses that are financially affordable and environmentally sustainable. There is limited research on tiny houses, and the hidden costs of developing this type of housing have not been investigated. This paper addresses this gap through exploring the perceived transaction costs associated with developing tiny houses in England, and how these costs can be reduced. It was found that there are considerable transaction costs in different stages of the development process, including searching for information, finding suitable land, obtaining planning permission, and constructing the house. The paper concludes that tiny houses require enabling legislation in planning policy so that planning permission is easier to obtain. Also, awareness of tiny houses needs to be raised so that local planning authorities and the public understand the concept better.