Planning Community Development Research Articles

АДАПТАЦІЯ ЗАРУБІЖНОГО ДОСВІДУ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ ТА ТРУДОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД

This scientific research explores the experience of territorial governance organization in European countries and its impact on socio-economic development. Starting with an analysis of the role of a specific form of public authority of territorial communities, the study highlights the necessity of their autonomy in addressing local issues and managing respective territorial units. Special attention is given to the problems of resource provision for regional and local development, particularly the creation of favorable conditions for entrepreneurship and innovative technologies. Further investigation focuses on analyzing various models of local self-government, considering their financial stability and degree of autonomy in governance. This allows for a deeper understanding of the influence of territorial governance on socio-economic development and identifying the most effective approaches to decentralization in European countries. Significant attention is also paid to the analysis of community labor potential and its impact on the labor market development and socio-economic strategies. Assessing this potential is a key element in planning community development and ensuring the stability of their socio-economic status. Detailed study of this aspect helps determine optimal ways for authorities to influence labor market formation and promote its efficient functioning. The text also emphasizes the importance of assessing the labor potential of communities for planning labor market development and socio-economic strategies. The necessity of labor market monitoring and predictive analysis to ensure sustainable community development is highlighted. Overall, the text reflects the importance of proper territorial governance and its impact on the socio-economic development of communities and regions, as well as indicates ways to improve this process. Overall, this research reflects the importance of proper territorial governance organization as a key factor in achieving sustainable and equitable socio-economic development in regions and communities. Therefore, its findings can serve as a basis for developing decentralization strategies and local self-government policies in different countries worldwide.

Can U.S. planned communities become diverse? The case of industry-leading master-planned communities in five metro areas

ABSTRACT The history of master-planned community (MPC) development is inseparable from the history of race- and class-based discrimination and segregation in the United States. This paper investigates the place of exclusion and inclusion in planned community development practice. We undertook qualitative and quantitative analyses of the MPC development practice from the 1990s to the present. Through archival analysis and interviews, we demonstrate that, beginning in the early 2000s, MPC developers started to embrace diversity for financial success. We further confirm this trend by quantitatively analyzing U.S. Census Bureau data. We find that MPCs built since 2000 are racially and ethnically more diverse than their predecessors, with greater emphasis on middle-income households. Based on these findings, we carefully posit that American MPCs are moving toward greater diversity, a clear departure from their history of exclusion. We conclude with policy implications for various levels of the government to take advantage of this trend.

Influence of Customs and Traditions on the Process of Community Development Among Rural Communities in Enugu State, Nigeria

This study examined the influence of customs and traditions on the process of community development among rural communities in Enugu state, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with a target population of 847 adults comprising 379 traditional rulers and 468 town union presidents in all the 468 communities in the 17 LGAs of Enugu State. The population was taken as a census with no sampling. The study used a self- designed questionnaire and a Focus Group Discussion Guide for data collection which were validated by experts. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was determined using the Cronbach Alpha statistics. The quantitative data collected were analysed using mean statistics and standard deviation while the qualitative data collected via Focus Group Discussion were analysed using content analysis. From the analysed qualitative and quantitative data, the findings of the study among others showed that the existing customs and traditions prevalent among the various communities in Enugu State, Nigeria are Adult circumcision (Ibe-Epi or Ibe-ugwu) Masquerade (Mmanwu), Age grade grouping (Uro-Ogbor or Otu-Ogbor), pouring of libation (Igor-Ofo) , homage to the ancestral fathers’ graves (Igba-Aju), the new yam festival (Iriji or Iwaji), Women August Meeting (Ogbako Umunwanyi Na-August), Soil festival-No farming sacred week (Oriri-Ani Na Nso-Ani), practice of caste system (Ohu or Osu), among others. It was also revealed that the influence of customs and traditions on the planning of community development programmes in Enugu State is evident in the fact that women were excluded from the decision making process in planning community development projects, community members reject projects to be sited in places the people consider forbidden, development programmes are not planned during festivals and the Women August meeting tradition is used as an avenue for planning of community development programmes. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among other things that traditional rulers should engage all the organized traditional structure (Igwe in-council, Elders council, women through August meeting platform, age grades and others) to do periodic planning of self-help development projects in their respective communities. Keywords: Customs, Traditions, Community Development DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-32-08 Publication date: November 30 th 2020

Social-Mapping Sebagai Landasan Perencanaan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berkelanjutan

Planning a community empowerment should be placed as a reference of how to implement development programs and empowerment in order to comply with the direction and expectations of society. Planning community development is often called social mapping. Social mapping is mean to see and know the state of society, and then do a need assessment. The purpose of research is to identify problems of socio-economic, socio-economic potential and other opportunities that can be developed, the characteristics of the targeted empowerment. And to identify the type and level of need empowerment programs that enhance self-sufficiency. This research approach uses a qualitative approach case study. Results show focuses on the socio-economic problems of the most visible problems and are at locations surrounding environment companies ranging from the causes and impact. The various socio-economic potentials focuses on the dimensions of the current potential, institutional cooperation and continued development. The characteristics of the targeted community empowerment have noticed about those directly affected, to develop local potential, capacity building, sustainable programs, provide added value and synergy with the government. That the identification program carried out within a specified period in accordance with the strategic plan and business plan and based on performance and public expectations

The Privatization of Political Representation

In an era of public-private partnerships, what role do nonprofit community-based organizations (CBOs) play in urban governance? Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Boston, this article presents a new way to understand CBOs’ political role in poor neighborhoods: CBOs as nonelected neighborhood representatives. Over the course of four years, I followed nine CBOs in six Boston neighborhoods as they planned community development projects. The CBOs in my study superseded elected politicians as the legitimate representatives of poor urban neighborhoods. Private funders and government agencies legitimated CBO leaders’ claims and treated them as the preferred representatives of neighborhoods’ interests. Elected district representatives, by contrast, exhibited limited influence over resources and were rarely involved in community development decision-making. By reconsidering CBOs’ political role in urban neighborhoods, this study uncovers a consequential realignment of urban political representation. It also identifies an important tradeoff between the urban poor’s access to resources and the ability to hold their leaders democratically accountable—a tradeoff that will remain so long as governments continue to rely on private actors in public governance.

Perencanaan Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Studi pada Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)

Referring to the vision of the Ministry of Forestry, vision NPMM Office isBecoming National Park Yang Settled in Managing Human Volcano Dynamic Based Participation of Parties, in which the management of NPMM takes the role of the participation of the parties, especially communities in creating plans that are participatory and collaborative, one size for assess the success of the performance can be seen from how NPMM Office planned community development programs in the villages around NPMM. The focus of this study is to determine how NPMM management planning related to community development activities. Results of this study concluded that the planning of community-based management of NPMM is not likely to procedural but substantive aspects already accommodated, already apply the principle of sustainable development. In the planning of community development activities have also been pursued in a participatory and collaborative, though still within the framework of fulfilling the social responsibility of the organization or the policy direction of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Corporate Citizenship Consideration at IMCL: A Case Study

Indus Motor Company Limited (IMCL)1 was playing a role in helping the underprivileged communities living in the surroundings of it to help them meet health and education challenges since the inception of the company in 1989. It is from the year 2006 that corporate social responsibility (CSR) got a central place among the IMCL’s activities with the provision of 1 per cent of profit before tax (PBT) annually. In the last 5 years, IMCL has contributed ₹ 200 million in CSR activities. Besides, IMCL has been at the forefront on the call of the nation in need. It has been actively engaged in the relief efforts of rehabilitating the sufferers, of the earth quake in 2005, those effected of the war on terror in 2007/2008 and to the survivors of the 2010/2011’s devastating floods in the country. IMCL’s has set unique examples of CSR in the sense that it has planned community development, environment protection measures and research on the road safety, and traffic congestion under its ‘Concern Beyond Cars’ programme in the light of United Nations Global Compact Pakistan Local Network’s (UNGC)2 10 principles. This case study was sponsored by the UNGC. The case deals with the IMCL leader’s concerns which were beyond making cars. The leader of the company chalked out a path for discharging the company’s CSR in non-traditional way by having programmes for Road Traffic Injury Research Project in collaboration with the specialized health and engineering institutions along with other social development projects.

Planning Community Development Program of Limbangan Traditional Market Revitalization with Social Mapping

Abstract Activities which continue to evolve drive human behavior to create trading instruments, some of which are the markets and the traditional ones, and for narrower geographical scope are traditional markets in Indonesia. It is believed that traditional market is one of the comprehensive factors of nation's economic wheel. The longevity of traditional market is feared for its dying tendency in the near future. In accordance to that and to preclude elimination, Indonesia's government has persistently implied the concept of traditional market's revitalization. Revitalization of Limbangan Traditional Market Project, hosted by the Local Government of Garut District, engages to establish sustainability development of Limbangan people.

Spatial patterns of wire-snare poaching: Implications for community conservation in buffer zones around National Parks

Wire-snare poaching is fueling the rapidly growing illegal bushmeat trade in Africa’s savanna ecosystems given the region’s relatively abundant wildlife, increasing commercial bushmeat demand, and burgeoning human populations; thus understanding snaring dynamics is critical to addressing this crisis. Community conservation areas often border National Parks (NPs) and are intended to serve as buffer zones wherein sustainable, wildlife-based economies exist. Yet their success is poorly-evaluated, partly due to poorly-understood poaching patterns and the impact of human development in these zones. We investigated snaring patterns in Zambia’s South Luangwa National Park and adjacent community Game Management Areas (GMAs) using highly-trained four-person teams to conduct 116 snare surveys at stratified random locations across approximately 6661km2 from September 2011 to November 2012. We postulated that snaring would be predicted by land use, crops, roads, and permanent water. Using novel multi-logistic models, we found decisive evidence that snaring only occurred in GMAs and immediately adjacent NP areas. Within these areas, we found substantial evidence that snaring was constrained by road proximity, moderate evidence for water constraints, and equivocal evidence for crop constraints. Snare detection rates in these areas were 60%. Evaluating finer-scale GMA snaring patterns requires more data; however strong correlation between snaring and human development in protected area buffer zones necessitates increased caution and carefully planned community development initiatives, and the adoption and enforcement of well-zoned land-use plans. Incentives aimed at increasing agricultural development in buffer zones should be redirected away from these zones to reduce encroachment and poaching and protect wildlife-based economies.

Socio-Economic Status of Smallholder Rubber Farmers in the Moneragala District

This study was focused on the Moneragala district which is one of the districts in the Uva Province of Sri Lanka. Rubber cultivation, being a new initiative there is a high risk of resource wastage in these areas which necessitated a detail study for proper planning of this exercise. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the socio-economic conditions of rubber farmers which are a basic necessity for planning community development projects. A questionnaire survey was done to collect household and rubber relevant information from 255, 248 and 143 respondents in the respective categories of farmers who are prepared to cultivate rubber (potential farmers) and those who own immature and mature rubber plantations. More than 50% of the farmers had only primary level education. Hence, education needs to be considered as a constraint in improving the awareness of rubber farmers in the nontraditional rubber growing areas. The higher percentage with a monthly income of less than Rs. 10,000 should also be regarded as a bottleneck for the adoption of recommended technologies and proper monitoring methodologies need to be adopted in disbursement of subsidies to minimize resource wastage. Use of family labour for different activities in the category who own immature holdings were 75%. In mature plantations about 65% of the farmers use family labour for activities such as tapping, weeding and fertilizer application. Motorable roads are available to access the homesteads of 86% of the smallholder units. Electricity is available in 56% of the houses and 30% of the smallholders owned vehicles. There is a considerable improvement in the status of rubber farmers who own mature rubber plantations which is a good indication of profitability of rubber. S ocietal involvement by ‘potential’ farmers was 21% and 27% percent of farmers who own immature plantations are members in Thurusaviya. Farmers of mature plantations have taken much interest on the societies as 46% hold memberships. However, experience on rubber cultivation is low as expected calling for efficient extension programmes giving emphasis on poor educational status. Moreover, rigourous monitoring of use of subsidy for rubber farming is vital to minimize resource wastage. Journal of Food and Agriculture 2010 Vol. 03, No. 1 & 2, Page 41-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jfa.v3i1-2.5168

Unintended Social and Economic Consequences Resulting from the Implementation of New Construction Technologies in the Developing World

Unintended Social and Economic Consequences Resulting from the Implementation of New Construction Technologies in the Developing World Andrew South School of Technology Master of Science One of the key components of international development is to provide adequate shelter for citizens of developing countries. This is often accomplished by governmental, nongovernmental, and private organizations that seek to lower the cost, increase the quality, and expand the availability of safe, sustainable housing through the use of innovative technologies. These new technologies can affect the social and/or economic structure within communities. This paper is a case study resulting from the construction of a seventy-one-home village, including infrastructure, near Yogyakarta, Indonesia by a foreign, aid-based non-governmental organization (NGO). The village was relocated less than two kilometers from its original site after a massive landslide, triggered by the 2006 earthquakes of Central Java, virtually destroyed the entire community. Four years after construction the researcher took an inductive inquiry approach through interviews with residents of the community and residents of neighboring communities to understand the social and economic impacts. The research project explored the unintended consequences to the community resulting from the NGO’s use of innovative housing technologies (steel reinforced concrete domes and planned community development) without a thorough understanding of underlying community culture and interactions.

Identifying the poverty indicators in the Jordans South Rural

The study aims at identifying the indicators factors affecting the poverty level of the rural communities in the southern region of Jordan. To achieve the objectives of this study, a sample of 107 households out of 3140 households was selected randomly from 7 villages. The data were collected by means of questionnaire face-to-face structured interview. The stepwise multiple linear regression technique was used to identify the significant socio-economic factors for community development. The results of the study revealed that the poverty indicators in the region was affected by fifteen factors (R2 =0.74), these variables are; the level of house modernity, the degree of satisfaction with housing conditions, the perceived importance of family expenditure on house rent, the perceived importance of average monthly mortgage, the average number of workers in the family, the perceived importance of family expenditure on the fuel from their budget, the type of heating methods in the house, the place of deliver, the availability of kitchen in the house, the perceived importance of family expenditure on the gifts and remittance, the perceived importance of family expenditure on house rent, the perceived importance of family expenditure on health care, the percent of Adult literacy, the house area, the house hold production, and the average monthly rent. The study recommends that the development planner should take into consideration these indicators in planning community development projects in the rural communities in southern region of Jordan . The study also recommends that the local participation should be encouraged in planning and executing local development programs to insure the fulfillment sustainability of development and to satisfy the needs of population.

Integrating Drainage, Water Quality, Wetlands, and Habitat in a Planned Community Development

This paper describes the planning, design, and construction of multiuse drainage facilities for the Rock Creek development, a planned residential community in the town of Superior, located between Denver and Boulder, Colorado. The Master Drainage Plan provides for a regional system of storm-water channels and detention facilities that provide management of the increased runoff due to urbanization and multiple use of the channels and ponds for open space, recreational greenway corridors, wetland preservation, and riparian habitat. Rock Creek is also the first community in Colorado to implement a comprehensive plan for quality enhancement of urban storm-water runoff. Under the plan, all storm flows from the development are routed through specially designed extended detention basins prior to discharge into the receiving drainageway. Selected stabilization measures are used along the channels to preserve their natural character and maintain stability.

Does It Pay to Plan Suburban Growth?

This article compares the economic results of planned community development with those of unplanned development for a 7,500-acre site in Houston, Texas. The comparison indicates that planned development produces higher net benefits than unplanned development does for all three cost areas investigated-land development costs, transportation costs, and social costs-and that the difference in benefits is greatest in the area of transportation costs. The magnitude of the difference is small, however-on the order of 1 percent to 3 percent of total costs. The results raise questions about how high the costs of sprawl development really are, but suggest where efforts to reduce those costs can be the most beneficial, particularly in transportation planning.

Analysis of Continuing Education for Planning Community Development

Analysis of Continuing Education for Planning Community Development

A Plan for Citizen Participation in Community Development

O NE of the encouraging trends emerging from the postwar flurry of planning activity is the increasing citizen interest in problems of community planning and development. Although the roots of this interest go back into the prewar period, it appears to have developed its major momentum during the war. In some cities interest has developed spontaneously and unassisted; in others it is the fruition of a continuing and persistent educational program carried on by the community leaders and city planners. Regardless of the origin, the significance of this trend is in the opportunity it provides for broadening citizen participation in planningone of the most important tools we have for securing planned community development. More than ever before, this and other educational devices should occupy a major place in city planning programs. For an illustration of the price paid for neglecting these aspects of the planning program, we have only to look about us at some of the misguided developments taking place in the outskirts of many of our communities. Here in these areas of growth and expansion unleashed by the return of men, materials, and machinery to peacetime pursuits we see some sharp reminders of a tardy concern over citizen education. To determine how citizen participation may be made an effective device for advancing planned community development we must interpolate from principles developed in other fields-chiefly in the fields of sociology and psychology. Experience to date in the adaptation of these principles to the field of urban planning is still too limited to vield any clearlv defined nrocedure. The very elementary concepts developed in the following pages, concerned primarily with the small city, must therefore be treated as tentative and experimental. It is hoped that when studies now being conducted in several communities in the Tennessee Valley area reach a more advanced stage, they will shed more light on the problem.