Platanus Research Articles

Carbon dioxide activation of the plane tree seeds derived bio-char: Kinetic properties and application

Goal of this work is to establish technical feasibility and fundamentals of producing activated carbon from plane tree seeds biomass for porous materials derivation. Bio-chars produced via carbonization from plane tree seeds precursor were activated in CO2 at 750 and 850?C, during various residence times. Their surface area and porosity were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K. Surface areas of activated carbons can be correlated with kinetics mechanism and activation energy magnitudes of oxidation reaction by CO2, which are closely related to applied activation temperature. Result showed that high temperature activated carbon had higher gas adsorption as compared to activated carbon obtained from lower temperature during two-hour residence time. Breakthrough behavior was detected at 850?C where surface reactions dominate, and it is characterized by autocatalytic kinetic model under designed conditions. Both, temperature and CO2 concentration in vicinity of solid surface effect on breakthrough time of adsorbent. Derived bio-chars are converted into high quality activated carbons, with surface area of 776.55 m2/g, where micro-pores with pore diameters less than 2 nm prevail. Produced activated carbons have properties comparable with commercially available activated carbons, which can be successfully used for removal of harmful gaseous pollutants toward air purification.

Plane tree bark-derived mesopore-dominant hierarchical carbon for high-voltage supercapacitors

Wide potential range and high specific capacitance of electrode materials are critical to high performance supercapacitors. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve both high capacitance and cell voltage, particularly in organic electrolytes. Herein, three dimensional (3D) mesopore-dominant hierarchical carbons are obtained by one-step pyrolysis-activation of seasonable biowaste, i.e., plane tree bark with nano-ZnO as a mild activator. The optimized biowaste-derived carbon shows an ultrahigh mesopore area and low oxygen content. With these merits, the carbon electrodes show both high capacitance and wide capacitive potential range in both aqueous and organic electrolyte. Particularly, a specific capacitance of 115.6F g−1 and a high cell voltage of 3 V are achieved with organic electrolyte. This study also reveals a mismatch between the specific capacitance and four commonly used specific surface area values. In a symmetrical supercapacitor with organic electrolyte, the positive electrode is the voltage-determining electrode. These findings may provide new perspectives on materials and device design of high-voltage supercapacitors.

Kinetic study of oxy-combustion of plane tree (Platanus orientalis) seeds (PTS) in O2/Ar atmosphere

The combustion reactivity of plane tree seeds biomass feedstock was studied using the thermogravimetry. The effects of atmosphere (O2/Ar) and different oxygen concentrations (O2/Ar = 20:80% and O2/Ar = 50:50%) on the combustion characteristics were investigated. When combustion atmosphere changes from O2/Ar = 50:50% to O2/Ar = 20:80% (reducing oxygen concentrations), the burnout temperature increases by 29.50 °C for tested biomass. Obtained results demonstrate the ease of ignition of investigated lignocellulosic material for O2/Ar = 50:50% ratio compared with O2/Ar = 20:80% ratio, and the actual trend is maintained under the condition when the heating rate increases. The reducing of oxygen concentration strongly influenced the amount of final residue products, particularly at higher heating rates (beyond 10 °C min−1). Kinetic analysis applied to investigated process shows strongly dependencies of both the apparent activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (logA) with conversion (α), especially in devolatilization and combustion of volatiles reaction stages. Large variation in E is attributed to existence of multiple parallel reactions. In order to solve this problem, the deconvolution technique that uses Fraser–Suzuki function was applied. It was shown that Fraser–Suzuki function fits successfully kinetic rate curves of entire combustion process, assuming the best selected nth-order reaction model.

The Influence of Organic Amendment Source on Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Different Soils

Soil organic matter is one of the largest stores of carbon and nitrogen in various ecosystems that can crucially improve plant nutrition. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic matter sources on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and also the contemporary comparison of carbon and nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen immobilization in soils amended with different organic treatments. Accordingly, six types of organic amendments were applied to three types of soils, under a constant temperature and moisture at the laboratory scale. The treated soils were incubated 60 and 120 days for nitrogen and carbon mineralization study, respectively. Results showed two decomposition stages, an initial rapid increase in decomposition in the first 20 days followed by a slower stage reaching a steady state condition. The amount of mineralized carbon ranged from 980 to 6860 mg/kg of dry soil for soils incorporating with different types of organic matters. The carbon mineralization kinetic data was well fitted to a second-order kinetic model showing the differences in microbial decomposition resistance of residues contents. The kinetic of carbon and nitrogen mineralization fluctuated similarly but in different scales. Net ammonification of fertilizer group, sheep manure, cow manure, and vermicompost was decreased, whereas in plant residue group, plane tree leaves, corn leaves, and wheat straw was increased. Two nitrification periods (first 10 days and 35 to 60 days) and an immobilization period (10 to 35 days) were observed. After 60 days of incubation of amended clayey soil, the nitrification values in plane tree leaves, corn leaves, wheat straw, municipal waste vermicompost, cow manure, and sheep manure were − 13.98, 14.06, 13.22, 34.88, − 12.25, and − 12.15 mg kg−1, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen mineralization trends fluctuated due to probably different resistance of substance components to microbial decomposition. Since the nitrate is the main part of inorganic N, therefore, net N mineralization had a similar trend as nitrification in different soils. Those organic residues with high ratios of C/N immobilized the mineral nitrogen, due to the presence of more carbon and a higher nitrogen decomposition rate, resulting in suppressed levels of nitrogen in the amended soil.

Characterization analysis of activated carbon derived from the carbonization process of plane tree (Platanus orientalis) seeds

In this work, plane tree seed-based activated carbons were characterized in detail for a variety of applications. The particularly important area of application would be in the artificial photosynthesis. After carbonization process of biomass precursor at 650°C, the resulting preliminary activated carbons were activated at various temperatures. The activated carbons were characterized by oxygen functionalities (a particularly important role has ester oxygen groups) which provide a unique microstructure. The chemical compositions of as-prepared activated carbons were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra as well as gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis, while morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Applied analysis showed that detected graphite mainly becomes uniformly nanocrystalline system. The current study also explored the applicability of carbon material obtained from plane tree seed as a potential gaseous adsorbent. The characterization showed that the tested material contains both mesopores and micropores, and this should be advantageous for the gas sorption process, since mesopores may provide low-resistant pathways for the diffusion of CO2 molecules, while the micropores are the most suitable for trapping of CO2. The sorption process analysis (including adsorption/desorption isotherms behavior) shows indication that the rate-limiting step of CO2 adsorption onto activated carbon is probably governed by diffusion-controlled process, especially at temperatures below 850°C.

Evaluation of the Betulinic Acid–Cisplatin conjugate APC and its precursor DE9B for the treatment of human malignant glioma

Despite the existence of multimodal therapy concepts, glioblastoma remains a tumor type with one of the worst prognoses. In particular, the poor prognosis is due to the lack of therapeutic efficacy of chemical agents and irradiation in hypoxic tumor areas. New therapeutic strategies could improve the treatment of glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a conjugate of cisplatin (DDP), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, and betulinic acid (BA), a natural product from plane tree bark, in glioblastoma cells under different oxygen conditions. We investigated the effects of the BA-DDP conjugate κN′,N''-{3-acetyloxy-BA-28-[2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethyl]amide} dichlorido platinum(II) (APC) and its precursor 3-acetyloxy-BA-28-[2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethyl]amide (DE9B) on cytotoxicity, cell growth, apoptosis, migration and radiosensitivity compared to BA or DDP alone under different oxygen conditions. Based on the EC50 values, the precursor DE9B exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effects of the analyzed chemotherapeutic agents. The BA-DDP conjugate APC achieved a moderate cytotoxic effect in glioma cells. Both of the newly developed agents induced cell growth delay, apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Furthermore, additive effects could be achieved in combination with irradiation. In contrast to those of BA and DDP, the cell biological effects of APC and DE9B were not influenced by the oxygen concentration. In this study, the linking of BA and DDP did not produce a compound with additive therapeutic effects on glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest that the precursor DE9B is an effective BA derivative for the treatment of glioblastoma in vitro.

History in the Light of Spirituality

The paper deals with the historic novels written by Ukrainian writer Roman Ivanychuk in 1960s – 1980s. The emphasis is given to the peculiarities that distinguish his works among the similar novels on the Ukrainian history written at the same period. The researcher sees the main difference in the fact that R.Ivanychuk focused not so much on the heroic acts of his characters as on their characteristics of representatives of the epoch. He paid the most attention to the spiritual awakening of the nation being under pressure of the forced assimilation and in danger of extinction. These features of the historic novels by this writer were already noticeable in his first novel “Malvy” (“Mallows”, 1968). The work focused on the problem of “janissaries”, especially relevant at that time. It was interpreted as the loss of historical memory and national identity on the one hand, and the inevitable end of the empire that exploits enslaved neighbors on the other. The aesthetic symbolism is realized in the image of a luxuriant plane tree which is drained by mistletoe, with the fatal end of a tree. The symbolism of this image is related to the idea of the Arabic philosopher of the 16th cent. Ibn Khaldun who stated that decline of an empire is caused by the loss of its vital sources.
 The novels “Cherlene vyno” (“Red Wine”, 1977) and “The Manuscript from Ruska Street” (1979) contain the aesthetic models that sound in tune with the scholarly ideas of contemporary historians (O. Apanovych, Y. Isaievych, M. Braichesvkyi). In particular it was the interest to the development of the education system and research studies, emergence of Brotherhood schools and book printing. Historic novels by R.Ivanychuk emphasize the conflict between the Artist and the system of ruling power (“Shramy na Skali”/“Scars on Rock”, 1982), where one can see allusions to the movement of the Sixtiers. The writer raised the problem of the moral choice between strict loyalty to the principles and the compromise. Then he explored the limits of justifying the compromise.

Prediction of airborne pollen concentrations for the plane tree as a tool for evaluating allergy risk in urban green areas

The different species of the genus Platanus, commonly known as plane trees, are widely grown as an ornamental species in Mediterranean cities over recent years. The pollen of these species is a major source of allergens. However, surprisingly little published research has addressed methods for predicting the allergy risk prompted by this pollen. In this work, we developed models for predicting airborne Platanus pollen concentrations constructed using data from central Spain. Predictions are very useful to alert citizens and give allergy patients advanced warning of expected high airborne pollen concentrations. The prediction models indicate that airborne Platanus pollen concentrations can be forecasted up to seven days (one week) in advance, using a method which combines the analysis of long-term aerobiological data (in this case, over the eleven-year study period), in order to detect seasonal trends within time-series, with the modelling of short-term fluctuations in airborne pollen concentrations prompted by daily changes in meteorological variables and pollen concentrations over the previous days. The meteorological variables studied were maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. The results of the validation of prediction models yielded a coefficient of correlation between observed and predicted values of R = 0.7, indicating that these models predict most of the pollen peaks in the airborne pollen curve.

Identification of Triterpenes and β-sitosterol in the Bark of Plane Tree Extracts

Plane tree is planted as ornamental tree in urban areas. This tree naturally sheds its bark during the spring; however, the shed bark is commonly regarded as a waste material without any significant application.On the other hand, the bark of plane tree may be an important source of industrially relevant compounds, most notably betulinic acid. In our study a Supercritical Fluid Ultra Performance Convergence Chromatography (UPC2) system coupled with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD), along with conventional HPLC, GC-MS and NMR were successfully utilized to analyze triterpenes in the extracts from the bark of plane tree. We show that not only betulinic acid, but other important triterpenes: betulin, betulinic aldehyde and β-sitosterol are also present in the extract of the plane tree bark. Among these the main compound is betulinic acid, with up to an order of magnitude larger concentration than the other constituents. The applied extraction method has a significant role on the concentration of the different compounds in the extracts. Most notably, neat scCO2 is not suitable to extract the polar betulinic acid, however betulin and betulinic aldehyde can be extracted selectively.

Lipid Transfer Protein allergy in the United Kingdom: Characterization and comparison with a matched Italian cohort.

BackgroundAlthough pollen‐related food allergy occurs in all European populations, lipid transfer protein (LTP) allergy is considered to manifest mainly in Mediterranean countries. We aimed to characterize adults presenting with LTP allergy in a northern European country.MethodThe clinical history and sensitization patterns of subjects born and residing in the United Kingdom (UK), with a prior diagnosis of LTP allergy and sensitization to the peach LTP allergen Pru p 3, were compared to UK subjects with pollen food syndrome (PFS). The sensitization patterns were also evaluated against a matched cohort of Italian subjects diagnosed with LTP allergy.ResultsNone of the 15 UK PFS subjects had a positive SPT to LTP‐enriched peach reagent, compared to 91% of the 35 UK LTP subjects. The UK LTP cohort were also more likely to have positive skin prick tests to cabbage, lettuce and mustard and sensitization to the LTP allergens in peach, walnut, mugwort and plane tree These sensitization patterns to individual allergens were not significantly different to those obtained from the Italian LTP subjects, with significant correlations between Pru p 3 and the LTP allergens in peanuts, walnuts, plane tree and mugwort in both groups.ConclusionNative UK subjects with LTP allergy are not dissimilar to those with LTP allergy in southern Europe. Testing to LTP‐enriched peach SPT reagent and/or LTP allergens in peach, walnut, mugwort and plane tree may enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Geotourism potentials of the National Park “Mali i Tomorrit”

Natural heritage includes objects, landscapes, ecosystems, special, rare, endemic, or endangered from extension habitats. This is the reason they are strictly preserved and protected, clearly and definitely stipulated in special laws. According to the classification of IUCN, six categories of protected areas exist in Albania, stipulated in Law No. 8906, date 06.06.2002 “On protected areas”. Based on the classification system, the National Park “Mali i Tomorrit” is declared as second category protected area, whereas the natural monuments within the park belong to the third category. The National Park “Mali iTomorrit” is situated east of the town Berat, Albania and northwest of towns of Çorovodë and Poliçan. The natural resources of the Tomorr Park include geological, geomorphological, tourist, flora and ecological values.This research examines the tourist riches of the National Park “Mali i Tomorrit”, which is composed of a large extent of high tourist level. There are hydro monuments in the park, such as the springs of Kerpica (Gramsh Municipality), Becke or Sotira Waterfall, whereas bio monuments are “Rrobull of Kulmake” and the Plane Tree of Lubeshe. Among the geo-monuments situated within the park, of special importance are the Cave of Kapinova, Pit Cave of Tomorr, Pit Cave of Uvlën (Well of Ramija), Pit Cave of Katafiq, Pit Cave of Kakruka, Pit Cave Prosek, Ice Circles of Tomorr, Moraine of Ujanik, Hole of Dragon, Cal of Kulmak, etc.The goal of this research is to investigate the attractive, marvelous peculiarities of the geo-monuments that are situated within the park, which create a pleasant and amusing environment, as if in a wonder world. An analysis of the park's diversity of riches is made, making it unique for the values it possesses.The research focuses also on the indiscriminate interventions for exploitation of the natural riches in this protected area. The bad tradition in the last twenty years has created problems related to exploitation of decorative stone, as well as forests and grazing land within the territory of the park.The research seeks to draw attention towards management and preservation of natural heritage in order to promote the potential of tourism. The resources used in this investigation include documentations, and consultations with specialists of the field and agency of the protected area in Berat, on site expeditions etc.

Formula omitted]-foldability of words

We extend results regarding a combinatorial model introduced by Black et al.(2017) which generalizes the folding of the RNA molecule in biology. Consider a word on alphabet {A1,A¯1,…,Am,A¯m} in which A¯i is called the complement of Ai. A word w is foldable if can be wrapped around a rooted plane tree T, starting at the root and working counterclockwise such that one letter labels each half edge and the two letters labeling the same edge are complements. The tree T is called w-valid.We define a bijection between edge-colored plane trees and words folded onto trees. This bijection is used to characterize and enumerate words for which there is only one valid tree. We follow up with a characterization of words for which there exist exactly two valid trees.In addition, we examine the set R(n,m) consisting of all integers k for which there exists a word with the alphabet {A1,A¯1,…,Am,A¯m} of length 2n with exactly k valid trees. Black, Drellich, and Tymoczko showed that for the nth Catalan number Cn, {Cn,Cn−1}⊂R(n,1) but k⁄∈R(n,1) for Cn−1<k<Cn. We describe a superset of R(n,1) in terms of the Catalan numbers by which we establish more missing intervals. We also prove R(n,1) contains all non-negative integers less than n+1.

Relationship between chlorosis, photosynthesis and the nutrient content of plane trees in the presence of chemical and organic fertilizers

Chlorosis disorder is a major problem affecting the growth and physiological processes of many trees including plane trees (Platanus orientalis L.). This experiment was conducted to study the relationship between leaf chlorosis disorder and the nutritional status and some important physiological characteristics of plane trees. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications and four treatments including control, manure (M), manure + fertilizer (20-5-10) (MF), and manure + fertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi (MFA) ( Glomus intraradices + G. mosseae) . The results showed that although all treatments significantly improved the nutrients content, soluble carbohydrates content, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content in the leaves, they mostly reached their peak in the mycorrhizal inoculated plants. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) were increased in the AMF amended trees compared to the control plants. The photosynthesis rate was enhanced by all the mixtures at least by 60% compared to the control. The most Chlorosis (17.5%) to the leaves recorded on the control plants, while leaf damage dropped to less than 2.9% at mycorrhizal treatment leading to the improved nutritional balance in the plane trees. The results proved the effectiveness of including mycorrhizal inoculation to the common fertilization practices to prevent leaf chlorosis in the plane trees.

Canker disease of London plane tree caused by Diatrypella japonica

Canker disease of London plane tree caused by <i>Diatrypella japonica</i>

Sensitisation to molecular allergens of Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus in atopic dermatitis patients

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is the evaluation of the sensitisation to molecular allergens of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium herbarum in atopic dermatitis patients. The complete dermatological and allergological examination including the examination of the sensitisation to molecular allergens with Multiplex ISAC testing was performed in all included patients. The statistical evaluation of the relation between the sensitisation to Alt a 1, Alt a 6, Cla h 8, Asp f 1, Asp f 3, Asp f 6 and other molecular food and inhalant allergens was performed. The sensitisation to molecular fungal allergen was recorded altogether in 58% patients; it is in significant relation to the sensitisation to some food and inhallant molecular allergens, such as Peanut, Walnut, Hazelnut, Atlantic Cod, Black Tiger Shrimp, Apple, Kiwi, Peach, Celery, Timothy, London Plane tree, Cedar pollen allergen, Mugwort, Cat, and Horse.

Pattern of sensitivity to respiratory allergens in patients with sinonasal polyposis

Background & Aim:Sinonasal polyposis is the existence of a nontumoral mass inside the nose and paranasal sinuses which can lead to nasal obstruction and other annoying problems for the patient. Since the pathogenesis of this disease and the involved factors in severity of symptoms has remained unknown, the present study has proceeded to evaluate the Pattern of sensitivity to respiratory allergens in patients with sinonasal polyposis.Methods & Materials:This observational study was a descriptive cross sectional study evaluating 77 patients with sinonasal polyposis from May 2014 to April 2015. The demographic data, history of signs related to allergy in the patient and his/her family was collected and recorded. The concentrations of serum specific IgE were measured.Results:Seventy-seven patients with sinonasal polyposis including 25 women (32.5%) with average age of 42.48± 13.43 years and 52 men (67.5%) with average age of 43.40±13.57 years were evaluated. The present study showed that the result of allergen test was positive in 32 men (61.54%) and 20 women (80%). Also, the results showed that the allergen test was negative in 25 patients (32.47%), in 6 cases (7.79%) only one allergen was positive, the results of allergen test in 46 patients (59.74%), for at least two allergens were positive. The highest numbers of positive allergens in a patient was 28. The most allergen observed in patients included plane tree 23 (29.9%), Kochia 22 (28.6%), Alternaria alternaria 20 (26%), Pigweed 20 (26%).Conclusion:Our results indicate that there are correlations between aeroallergen and clinical signs in individuals with sinonasal polyposis, and the possibility of allergic background can be considered in encountering with such patients, although these cases need specific studies with larger sample sizes.

Porous nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon microtubes derived from plane tree fruit fluff for high-performance supercapacitors

Porous nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon microtubes (PCMTs) were prepared via carbonization followed by activation of plane tree fruit fluffs (PTFFs) and employed as high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. The pore structures, surface chemistry and degree of graphitization of the final products can be facilely tailored by adjusting the activation temperature, which changed remarkably as the activation temperature increased from 650 to 900 °C. The PCMT-850 obtained by activating at 850 °C possessed despite the second largest specific surface area (1533 m2/g), but the highest mesopore ratio (9.13%), the maximal nitrogen content (2.20 at.%) and highest degree of graphitization as well as excellent electrical conductivity. The PCMT-850-based carbon electrode exhibited the highest charge storage capacity with a specific capacitance of 257.6 F/g at a current of 1 A/g and the lowest internal resistance in 6 M KOH. The high supercapacitor performance can be attributed to the combined effects of its pore structure, heteroatom doping effects and degree of crystallinity. The favorable capacitive performance render the waste biomass PTFFs serve as novel resources of nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon materials for high-performance supercapacitors.

Real-Time PCR for Ceratocystis platani detection: in-depth validation to assess the diagnostic potential and include additional technical options

A high-performing detection method is essential to safeguard those countries that are still unaffected by canker stain, a devastating disease of Platanus spp. caused by Ceratocystis platani. We previously developed EvaGreen and Taqman-based Real-Time PCR to detect this pathogen, but in-depth validation is needed to guarantee users about its effectiveness and promote its utilization. In this work we present a validation study designed according to EPPO standards, focusing on the analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. We extend its technical application using SYBR Green. By performing standard curves and eight-replication-based experiments, we established the detection limit at 3 fg C. platani gDNA per PCR reaction. The repeatability and the operator-based reproducibility of the Real-Time PCR was demonstrated. Different gDNA extraction events by different operators and different gDNA extraction modalities did not affect the detection limit. The detection limit threshold cycle was earliest with SYBR Green, followed by Taqman, and EvaGreen. Spiking 6 µl DNA extractions of uninfected, necrotized wood with 3 fg C. platani gDNA confirmed the detection limit: 3 fg C. platani gDNA per PCR reaction, i.e., 0.5 fg gDNA per µl of wood extract. The assays tolerated 6 µl of necrotic C. platani-infected wood extracts without inhibition except for long-dead wood samples, while the 2 µl dose consistently allowed for successful detection. Detection of the pathogen in infected samples showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity with the SYBR Green assay. Agarose gel electrophoresis and staining was validated for visualizing amplicons, even at the detection limit. The specificity of the method was tested against 23 isolates representing the diversity of Ceratocystidaceae, and most species were not detected at 5 ng gDNA. However, some South American strains of the C. fimbriata complex were detected at doses as low as 5 fg. The method remains specific for C. platani detection as no other Ceratocystidaceae are known to colonize plane tree and the species within the geographic range of canker stain of plane tree were only detected at 500 pg or more gDNA. This work paves the way for a performance study of inter-laboratory comparisons.

Determination of inhibitory activities of enzymes, related to Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus of plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) extracts and their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities

Plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) leaves have been employed for centuries in various countries due to their pharmacological value. Therefore, determination of the biological activity of the leaves is of interest. The aim of the study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects against Alzheimer's disease-related enzymes Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), diabetes mellitus related enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities of the leaves were also studied. According to the results, both water and methanol extracts of P. orientalis demonstrated more α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity than the antidiabetic drug-acarbose at the same concentration level. In addition, extracts showed good inhibition activity against AChE and BuChE. Significant results were obtained regarding antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. These results are very promising especially for the improvement of pharmaceutical formulations to treat various diseases such as age-related diseases, cancer, diabetes etc. and it is necessary to conduct further experiments.

Multislice spiral CT findings and its diagnostic value of mixed glandular glass nodular adenocarcinoma

Objective To analyze the characteristics of mixed ground glass nodular adenocarcinoma in multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) and its diagnostic value. Methods This study was prospective study, 120 patients with mixed glass nodules lung adenocarcinoma were classified as lung adenocarcinoma in the People's Hospital of Xinzhou from January 2014 to December 2016.178 cases of mixed glass nodular pneumonitis were classified as pneumonia.The MSCT signs were compared between the two groups.The imaging features of medullographic nodules with different pathologic types of lung adenocarcinoma by grouping of patients with lung adenocarcinoma were compared. Results In the lung adenocarcinoma group, the dizzy uneven thickness rate(61.67%), leaf rate(60.00%), clear boundary rate(80.83%), blood vessels, gather tax rate(64.17%), pleural indentation rate(61.67%) were significantly higher than those in the pneumonia group(35.96%, 35.39%, 41.01%, 44.94%, 41.57%, χ2=8.69, 12.47, 33.64, 7.62, 7.97, all P<0.01). The mixed grinding glass nodules of IAC, MIA and MIS in size, number, shape, position and density were significantly different(all P<0.05). The IAC type mixed grinding glass nodules was irregular single nodules(volume generally≥5 mm), common deviation centricity growth, and with blood vessels.The AIS type mixed grinding glass nodule was single nodule(volume generally≥5 mm), formed a polygon or dotted, common growth of centricity, vascular density was close to the same level.The volume of the MIA type mixed grinding hyaline nodules was most <5 mm, common to multiple, with oval or round most, common to deviate from the centricity growth, lower density than plane tree blood vessels. Conclusion MSCT is helpful in the differential diagnosis of mixed ground glass nodules of lung adenocarcinoma and mixed ground glass nodular inflammatory lesions, and pathological types have leaded to the identification of mixed ground glass nodules of lung adenocarcinoma MSCT, which has higher application value. Key words: Lung neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; Tomography, spiral computed; Diagnosis