Plane Figures Research Articles

Peningkatan Pemahaman Peserta Didik tentang Materi Bangun Datar dengan Menggunakan Media Powerpoint Interaktif Berbasis Aplikasi Canva pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Kelas 1 SDN 6 Cakranegara Tahun Pelajaran 2022-2023

This research applies learning using interactive PowerPoint media from the Canva application to the mathematics subject of plane figures so as to help students understand and remember the material being taught. The aim of this research is: 1) to describe how to apply interactive PowerPoint learning media based on the Canva application in mathematics learning on plane figures, class I at SDN 6 Cakranegara. 2) describe the increase in success in implementing interactive PowerPoint learning media from the Canva application in mathematics learning on plane material, class I SDN 6 Cakranegara. This research procedure was carried out in two cycles, each cycle having 4 stages, namely planning, acting, observing and reflecting. This research was conducted at SDN 6 Cakranegara with a total of 34 participants. The data collection techniques used are observation and tests. Based on the results of research on teacher activities, student activities and student learning outcomes have improved for the better. The research results show: 1) the application of interactive PowerPoint media based on the Canva application in mathematics learning on plane material shows an average percentage of completeness of 70.58%, when compared to before the application of the media which was 20.58%.

Implementation of the jucama learning model assisted by tangram media to improve students’ mathematical creative thinking skills in plane figure material

The mathematical creative thinking skill is crucial in learning mathematics. However, the problem encountered in learning mathematics in class VII-B at SMP (Junior High School) Wahid Hasyim Malang was that the teacher did not involve students in exploring and providing opportunities to improve mathematical creative thinking skills. In overcoming this problem, the researcher applied the Jucama learning model assisted by tangram media on plane figure material. This research design was Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consisted of (1) Planning, (2) Implementation, (3) Observation, and (4) Reflection. The research subjects were 30 students in class VII-B SMP Wahid Hasyim. Data was collected through teacher and student activity observations, end-of-cycle test results, and questionnaires. This research was conducted in two cycles, with two meetings. The results indicated an increase in the percentage of observations of teacher and student activities, end-of-cycle test results, and questionnaire results. The results of observations of teacher activities in cycle I reached an average percentage of 75%, while in cycle II, it increased to 86.875%. The results of observing student activities in the first cycle reached a percentage of 73.125%, while in the second cycle, it increased to 85.75%. The end-of-cycle I test results showed that the completeness of student learning outcomes attained 63.33% with an average class score of 72. In comparison, the completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle II increased to 86.67%, with an average class score of 83.47. The results of the questionnaire in cycle I indicated that the percentage of success reached 46.67%, while in cycle II, the questionnaire results increased, with the percentage of success attaining 83.33%. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be implied that applying the JUCAMA learning model assisted by tangram media could improve the mathematical creative thinking skill of class VII-B students of SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang in the plane figure material.

The Analysis of The Problem-Solving Ability of The Ethnomatematcs Nuanced Plane Figure In The Sipirok Woven Fabrics Pattern To MTs Students

The ability to solve problems is one of the goals of mathematics education. The aim of this study was to describe the problem-solving skill of students in class VII-1 of MTsL 3 Tapanuli Selatan on the material of the Plane figure with ethnomathematical nuances of Sipirok woven fabrics patterns. This qualitative descriptive research involved 25 students of class VII-1 MTsN 3 Tapanuli Selatan as the subjects. Data collection techniques included problem-solving skills tests and interview papers. The results showed that the student's problem-solving skills based on the steps Polya, flat geometric material with ethnomathematical nuances for class VII-I, belonged to the low category with an average percentage of 55.4% and the step indicator more dominant of the polya was an indicator understanding the problem with 80% capture.

Multiresponsive 3D Structured PVDF Cube Switches for Security Systems Using Piezoelectric Anisotropy.

Advancements in flexible electronics using piezoelectric materials have paved the way for numerous applications. In this study, we suggest a three-dimensional (3D) structured poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film cube switch to maximize piezoelectric anisotropy and flexibility. Unlike piezoelectric material-based flexible electronics, PVDF cube switches have a simple design and easy fabrication process. Each side of the cube switch demonstrates independent voltage signals with pressing displacements and corresponding directions. With cutting angle variations and planar figure designs, derived cube switches respond with various combinations of voltage waveforms. PVDF switches can endure more than 1000 cycles of 70% vertical strain in terms of both electrical responses and mechanical operations. As an application, we establish a security system with multiresponsibility of a cube switch. This security system can protect users from potential threats owing to its multiresponsibility and user-dependent operability.

Extensions to the theorems of Pappus to determine the centroids of solids and surfaces of revolution

Extensions to the first and second theorems of Pappus are presented, whereby the centroid of a surface or solid of revolution can be determined using only the geometric properties of the generating plane curve or figure and the arc of revolution. The derivations are well suited to first-year-level courses in mathematics and engineering. From a didactic perspective, the resulting formulas are simple to apply, especially since the required geometric properties are typically available in standard tables of plane sections or relatively routine to derive. Furthermore, the formulas provide a general scaffold for students to attempt problems involving axisymmetric bodies while also reinforcing and embedding their knowledge of the properties of the generating plane shapes. A selection of illustrative problems is discussed that are generally regarded to be challenging for introductory mechanics courses but for which the formulas derived in this article provide straightforward solutions.

ANALISIS KESULITAN PENYELESAIAN SOAL GEOMETRI PADA SD ISLAM AL AZHAR 34 MAKASSAR


 Geometry at the elementary school level brings various benefits to students. Firstly, it is a critical stage in the development of spatial abilities. Geometry helps students understand the world around them in different ways. This study aims to analyze the difficulties in solving geometry problems among elementary school students. The research design used is quantitative research with data collection techniques using tests and documentation. The research subjects are fifth-grade students of SD Islam Al Azhar 34 Makassar, consisting of 30 individuals. The research sample consists of 5 students. The results of the study indicate that visual-spatial understanding, perception, interpretation, and mathematical communication skills play a crucial role in students' understanding of geometric concepts. Student A needs to be introduced to the concept of classifying plane figures to improve their spatial understanding, while student B needs a deeper understanding of the types of plane figures. Student C needs to develop mathematical communication skills and pay attention to the instructions of the problems in order to accurately transfer their understanding of concepts. Student D has adequate conceptual understanding but needs to improve their accuracy in solving the final steps. Student E has good conceptual understanding of solving geometry problems but needs to be reminded of the importance of completing all solution steps accurately. An approach that includes introducing the concept of classifying plane figures, deepening understanding of the types of plane figures, developing mathematical communication skills, and paying attention to problem instructions needs to be implemented to enhance students' understanding of geometric concepts and their ability to solve problems accurately.

Generation of non-functional architectonic spatial forms with geometric transformations

In the academic progression of architectural attitude and design competence it is important to give particular attention to the exploration and creative experimentation with spatial forms. In addition to the analysis of historical and contemporary architectural examples, significant role is given to modelling exercises which guide design students in a tentative way to the planar and spatial operation of compositional principles. During this process, a series of personal experiences develop the recognition and confident application of planar and spatial compositional tools and the ability to create tension or to maintain balance. These tools - albeit exerting their effects during subjective experience - are largely based on physical laws and operate according to the principles of visual (possibly tactile) perception, so their understanding and conscious application is a rational goal. In the analysis of architectural compositions, the relationship, location, size, juxtaposition or overlapping of forms - in other words their geometric relationship - is perhaps the primary factor, nevertheless the effects of materials, colours and textures cannot be ignored either. One of the distinctive characteristics of architectonic models is their ability to highlight certain pre-defined properties; in the case of forms made of homogenous materials for example, an enhanced attention to geometry, plasticity, and the impact of light and shadow. The focus of this paper is form-evolution generated through geometric transformations; a process during which a simple plane figure and subsequently a body is transformed (sliced, dragged, distorted, added or subtracted, etc.) resulting in architectonic compositions featuring architectural proportions and characteristics. These form-experiments are intentionally aimed at the generation of "non-functional" spaces, so the goal of the creation is not actual buildings, but rather the composition of pure spatial and volumetric relations in a philosophical sense, which, nevertheless, can provide the conceptual basis (in terms of form, mass, and spatial structure) for subsequent architectural outputs.

The Impact of Written Feedback in Geometry Problem Solving through a Gallery Walk

Traditionally, students experience difficulties solving problems involving geometric shapes and their properties. In line with the current curricular guidelines, it’s important to reflect about the use of active learning strategies, which directly engage students in meaningful mathematical activity, that contribute to reverse this situation. This paper refers to a study that aims to understand the influence of peer written feedback on students' performance in a Gallery Walk context, in the scope of problem solving involving areas of plane figures. We followed a qualitative, interpretative approach and collected data in a 5th grade class, with 19 students, through participant observation, a questionnaire, interviews, written productions and photographic records. Results show that, when the sender of feedback is a student, different types of feedback are used, however not all of them promote the improvement of the receiver’s performance. It was noticed that the most effective feedback is focused mainly on the emerging mathematical content, commenting on the student's performance in terms of task solution, process and results. It was also found that the feedback must be clear and simple so that the receiver clearly understands what the sender wants to convey.

Implementation of RME-based student worksheets on plane figure area material for students of phase b elementary school

The purpose of this research is to find out the activities of students in determining the area of ​​​​flat shapes through drawing and constructing knowledge on student worksheets and to find out the effectiveness of the RME based student worksheets used. Qualitative descriptive method with design research was chosen in this study. This method is carried out by collecting data to obtain factual information that will be used to explain the process and information obtained in depth. The results showed that the RME approach based on local wisdom could be used to understand students material about the area of ​​plane figure and the RME-based student worksheets was considered effective for use in learning. So that educators can apply the RME approach with student worksheets to teach students about the area of ​​plane figures.

The Effectiveness of Know-Want-Learn (KWL) Strategy on Ghanaian Basic Five Pupils’ Achievements in Mathematics

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Know-Want-Learn (KWL) strategy in basic five pupils’ achievement in finding perimeter and area of plane figures. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. The whole research was conducted at Sogasco Basic School in the South Tungu District in the Volta Region of Ghana, and it covered about four-week period. The participants of the study were 81 pupils, divided into two groups, ensuring gender balance: one an experimental group (n = 41) and the other a control group (n = 40). Two achievement tests (pre-test and post-test) were used to collect data for the study. The validity and reliability of the test results were established by using Conbrach Alpha method. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that, at five percent significant level, there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pupils in the experimental and the control groups, in favor of the experimental group in terms of higher performances in the post-test; hence the KWL strategy used in the teaching of mathematics was very effective and had a great positive impact on the pupils’ mathematics concept build-up and problem-solving abilities in the basic schools.

SPACE EVIDENCE: AN ORAL INTERVIEW INTERVIEW CORROBORATION METHOD RESEARCH BASED ON GENERATIVE SPACE ANALYSIS

Abstract. The oral interview is an essential component of heritage study fieldwork. However, due to the individual memory bias, quick verification of the content's validity about the built environment is required. This paper aims to provide an efficient method for verifying the authenticity of oral interviews by combining architectural heritage data with digital analysis techniques and using spatial analysis as evidence. The method is based on the image pre-processing of existing architectural drawings, the creation of multiple planes and models through parametric variation factors matrix, and the generation of analysis images using daylight analysis algorithms. The Pix2Pix model is also introduced as a basis for tagging the planes and the images of the analysis results according to its principles. Learning by pairing the labeled images enables the computer to generate image analysis based on a given plane figure for fast analysis in the built environment. Following this, the authenticity of the oral interview’s content can be quickly determined. This paper examines the industrial heritage of the Puqi Textile General Factory, which was formed under the idea of rapid construction during the Third Front construction, using the factory ’s built environment and related oral content as the basis for analysis and verification. The findings did not satisfy the poor working conditions described in the oral interviews. Therefore, the authenticity of the oral content is doubtful and requires further verification.

Project Based Learning Assisted with Flashcard Media and Mathematics Problem-Solving Ability of Elementary School Students

The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of Project-Based Learning assisted by flashcard media influences problem-solving ability in plane figure material for grade II students. This type of research uses quantitative research with experimental methods. The design of this study is a nonequivalent posttest-only control design. The population in this study was all grade II students at SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1/424 Surabaya, which amounted to 72 students. Through random cluster sampling selected samples of class II-A as the experimental class and class II-B as the control class. Data collection techniques in this study are using tests. The data analysis technique used is statistical tests using t-tests. The use of a Project-Based Learning assisted by flashcard media encourages students to become more active in designing a real product, easier for students to understand concepts, makes students interested in learning while playing, and active in answering questions in flashcard media. Based on the research results and discussion, it can be concluded that there is an effect of project-based learning model assisted by flashcard media on the ability to solve problems in plane figure material for grade II students at SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1/424 Surabaya.

Mathematics teachers’ conceptual knowledge about and for teaching quadrilaterals

The aim of the article is to analyze the conceptual knowledge of a group of mathematics teachers about quadrilaterals and the way they practice their teaching. We conducted exploratory research with 23 teachers who answered an online questionnaire, whose results we analyzed descriptively and categorically. The best-known characteristic of quadrilaterals was that it is a plane figure and the least known was that it is a simple figure. Notable quadrilaterals were mentioned more than irregular shapes. In addition, the presence of irrelevant attributes such as thick line and being rotated made it difficult to recognize some figures. In teaching quadrilaterals (n = 17), four teachers would act as expositors of their ideas. Two teachers would not address the non-examples. Eleven teachers would deal with examples and non-examples. In conclusion, training is needed to understand other examples, non-examples and irrelevant attributes to teach in a way that promotes conceptual development.

Algorithms for constructing suboptimal coverings of plane figures with disks in the class of regular lattices

The problem of covering a compact planar set $M$ with a set of congruent disks is considered. It is assumed that the centers of the circles belong to some lattice. The criterion of optimality in one case is the minimum of the number of elements of the covering, and in the other case — the minimum of the Hausdorff deviation of the union of elements of the covering from the set $M$. To solve the problems, transformations of parallel transfer and rotation with the center at the origin can be applied to the lattice. Statements concerning sufficient conditions for sets of circles that provide solutions to the problems are proved. Numerical algorithms based on minimizing the Hausdorff deviation between two flat compacts are proposed. Solutions of a number of examples are given for various figures of $M$.

Exploring students’ proportional reasoning in solving guided-unguided area conservation problem: A case of Indonesian students

Proportional reasoning has been greatly influencing the development of students’ mathematical abilities. Along with the area conservation ability, it helps elementary students comprehend area measurement. This exploratory study aimed to produce qualitative-descriptive data on elementary students’ proportional reasoning in solving the conservation of plane figures. The study used guided-unguided area conservation problems using a proportional reasoning level as the analysis framework. Data were collected from 4 primary school students in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, who were in fifth-grade class. The students' strategies used were identified to analyze the students' proportional reasoning in solving area conservation. Results show that the level of proportional reasoning varies from zero to two. Regarding the students' proportional reasoning levels, most of the students' strategies use visual clues and cute paste strategies. Only one student can reach the level of quantitative reasoning by using a formula to compare both area measurements. Interestingly, the problem of the conservation of plane figures failed to reveal students' formal proportional reasoning due to their insufficient knowledge of fractions, division, multiplication, and decimals. Some implications regarding students' proportional reasoning and interventions in the area conservation problem are discussed.

Ekplorasi dan Alternatif Pertanyaan Matematis Berdasarkan Konteks Masjid Agung Purbalingga

Mathematics is an abstract object so students need context to make it easier to learn. The use of context is needed to bring students closer to mathematics, students, teachers, and the context itself. Learning mathematics through an Islamic context is a form of preservation of Islam which is expected to be a means of reminder in daily behavior. The purpose of this study is to explore mathematics and create mathematical questions based on the context of the Great Mosque of Purbalingga. The method of data collection is documentation, observation and library research. Data were analyzed by means of reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result is that the Purbalingga Great Mosque building has mathematical elements that students can learn. These are the axis of symmetry, trigonometry, congruence, shape and area of ​​plane figures, comparisons, and measurements. Mathematical questions are also presented to help students develop mathematical adaptation skills to the surrounding situations. Keywords: mathematical exploration, mathematical questions, Purbalingga Great Mosque

Geometric Operations in Mario Botta’s Architectural Work

This paper investigates the role of primary plane figures, primary solids, and geometric operations in Mario Botta’s architectural works during fifty years of his career. Through the selection of three case studies, the research allows the creative process to be discretized and analyzed from a geometric-mathematical point of view.

EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA ANYAMAN TIKAR DI DESA RAPOWAWO KECAMATAN NANGAPANDA KABUPATEN ENDE

The surrounding culture can be used as teaching material in mathematics. Culture-based mathematics learning is called ethnomathematics. One form of culture of the people of Rapowawo Village. This study aims to explore and obtain information about mathematical concepts and mathematical elements contained in woven mats in Rapowawo Village, Nangapanda District, Ende Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. Data was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The data validity technique used is a triangulation of data sources. The results of this study indicate that the woven mats in Rapowawo Village contain mathematical concepts and elements. Mathematical concepts contained in woven mats in Rapowawo Village, Nangapanda District, Ende Regency, namely geometric concepts including; points, lines, angles, and plane figures as well as equivalent ratios and arithmetic sequences. This study only examines the procedures and results of woven mats in Rapowawo Village, Nangapanda District, Ende Regency, then it is recommended to make teaching materials so that they can be applied to learning.

Abundance of Exact Solutions of a Nonlinear Forced (2 + 1)-Dimensional Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equation for Rossby Waves

In this paper, an improved tan (φ/2) expansion method is used to solve the exact solution of the nonlinear forced (2 + 1)-dimensional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. Firstly, we analyse the research status of the improved tan (φ/2) expansion method. Then, exact solutions of the nonlinear forced (2 + 1)-dimensional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation are obtained by the perturbation expansion method and the multi-spatiotemporal scale method. It is shown that the improved tan (φ/2) expansion method can obtain more exact solutions, including exact periodic travelling wave solutions, exact solitary wave solutions, and singular kink travelling wave solutions. Finally, the three-dimensional figure and the corresponding plane figure of the corresponding solution are given by using MATLAB to illustrate the influence of external source, dimension variable y, and dispersion coefficient on the propagation of the Rossby wave.

Using THz waves to diagnose debonding defects in a heat-resistant structure

This study proposes a method for finding defects in heat-resistant structures without causing any damage to them, by utilizing THz waves. THz waves, also called Terahertz waves, are a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with a frequency range of 0.1 to 10 THz, which lies between the microwave and infrared frequencies. These waves have unique properties that make them useful for nondestructive testing of various materials such as plastics, composites, and heat-resistant materials. The proposed method involves mounting a THz wave scanner on a multi-axis stage and using it to detect defects in conical- and cylindrical-shaped heat-resistant structures. Once the scan angle and height are set, the scan path is automatically calculated, and the THz wave scanner follows this path to perform the scan. As an initial step, the time taken for the THz wave to penetrate the heat-resistant structure and reach the adhesive layer was calculated. The time windowed data corresponding to the adhesive layer was then examined. Signal processing was applied to remove noise from the data to achieve more precise defect visualization. The THz signal to which the signal processing was applied was then reconstructed into a three-dimensional matrix, and the result corresponding to the adhesive layer was visualized in the same shape as the planar figure of the actual specimen. Those areas of the visualized image reflecting characteristics that deviated from those associated with a normal signal were identified as suffering from debonding defects. We performed a visual inspection of the adhesive layer of the actual heat-resistant structure and compared it to the images obtained by our method. There was a notable agreement between the two, thereby confirming that the technique presented in this paper is a viable means of inspecting heat-resistant structures for debonding defects.