Functions In Plane Research Articles

NTPP-MVSNet: Multi-View Stereo Network Based on Neighboring Tangent Plane Propagation

Although learning-based multi-view stereo algorithms have produced exciting results in recent years, few researchers have explored the specific role of deep sampling in the network. We posit that depth sampling accuracy more directly impacts the quality of scene reconstruction. To address this issue, we proposed NTPP-MVSNet, which utilizes normal vector and depth information from neighboring pixels to propagate tangent planes. Based on this, we obtained a more accurate depth estimate through homography transformation. We used deformable convolution to acquire continuous pixel positions on the surface and 3D-UNet to account for the regression of depth and normal vector maps without consuming additional GPU memory. Finally, we applied homography transformation to complete the mapping of the imaging plane and the neighborhood surface tangent plane to generate a depth hypothesis. Experimental trials on the DTU and Tanks and Temples datasets demonstrate the feasibility of NTPP-MVSNet, and ablation experiments confirm the superior performance of our deep sampling methodology.

Implementation of ocean element curves and profiles on GIS

This paper introduces the realization algorithm of ocean element curves and profiles on GIS. The algorithm projects the curves and profiles of ocean elements onto the geographic map. It realizes the combination of two-dimensional spatial geographic location, time dimension of curve change and spatial dimension of vertical profile, and displays three-dimensional information on a two-dimensional plane map. It can well express the actual survey data, statistical analysis data, and realize the comprehensive visualization of marine elements. The algorithm is useful in the visualization of ocean data. The algorithm has good application prospects in the visualization display of marine data, quality control of survey data, joint analysis of different elements or disciplines, and scientific research.

Computing the topology of the image of a parametric planar curve under a birational transformation

We provide a method to compute the topology of the image of a parametric curve under a birational mapping of the plane. The method proceeds by exploiting as much as possible the initial parametrization in order to reduce the computational cost. The self-intersections of the image curve are derived from points in the image where the inverse of the birational mapping is not defined. In order to compute these points, we prove a result characterizing birational planar mappings, together with an algorithm to compute the inverse of a birational mapping. We apply the method when the original curve is rational, in which case the image of the curve is also rational but with a higher degree, and when the original curve is an exp-log-arctan function. In this last case the image is a non-rational curve admitting an analytic parametrization, a problem not treated in the literature so far.

Hyperspectral imaging enables the differentiation of differentially inflated and perfused pulmonary tissue: a proof-of-concept study in pulmonary lobectomies for intersegmental plane mapping.

The identification of the intersegmental plane isa major interoperative challenges during pulmonary segmentectomies. The objective of this pilot study is to test the feasibility of lung perfusion assessment by Hyperspectral Imaging for identification of the intersegmental plane. A pilot study (clinicaltrials.org: NCT04784884) was conducted in patients with lung cancer. Measuring tissue oxygenation (StO2; upper tissue perfusion), organ hemoglobin index (OHI), near-infrared index (NIR; deeper tissue perfusion) and tissue water index (TWI), the Hyperspectral Imaging measurements were carried out in inflated (Pvent) and deflated pulmonary lobes (PnV) as well as in deflated pulmonary lobes with divided circulation (PnVC) before dissection of the lobar bronchus. A total of 341 measuring points were evaluated during pulmonary lobectomies. Pulmonary lobes showed a reduced StO2 (Pvent: 84.56%±3.92 vs. PnV: 63.62%±11.62 vs. PnVC: 39.20%±23.57; p<0.05) and NIR-perfusion (Pvent: 50.55±5.62 vs. PnV: 47.55±3.38 vs. PnVC: 27.60±9.33; p<0.05). There were no differences of OHI and TWI between the three groups. This pilot study demonstrates that HSI enables differentiation between different ventilated and perfused pulmonary tissue as a precondition for HSI segment mapping.

Study of a chassis path planning algorithm for a forest harvester

ABSTRACT In this study, a global path planning method is proposed for the motion of the chassis of a forest harvester to satisfy the requirements of obstacle avoidance when the harvester is working in the forest. First, a distributed plane map is generated in accordance with the characteristics of forest environment. Subsequently, a Ms_BiRRT algorithm is proposed based on the principle of the random search tree algorithm for multi-stage target-guided global path planning, and the path is further optimized. The effectiveness of the Ms_BiRRT algorithm proposed in this study is examined through experimental simulation. Three types of map environments are designed based on the characteristics of the forest environment. The average planning time of the proposed algorithm is extended by 90.69% and 47.37%, the path length is shortened by 10.40% and 8.23%, the total number of nodes is reduced by 81.52% and 54.65%, and the node utilization rate increases from 18.47% and 44.12% to 85.46%, respectively, compared with classical RRT algorithm and two-way RRT algorithm. The path planning algorithm proposed in this study is capable of quickly reaching the target point in different environments, improving the convergence speed of the algorithm, and increasing the efficiency and stability of the forest harvester in the working process based on the initial path guidance and target guidance methods.

Epitaxial growth and characterization of (001) [NiFe/M]20 (M = Cu, CuPt and Pt) superlattices

We present optimization of [(15Å) Ni80Fe20/(5Å) M]20 single crystal multilayers on (001) MgO substrates, with M being Cu, Cu50Pt50 and Pt. These superlattices were characterized by high resolution X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and diffraction (XRD) as well as polar mapping of important crystal planes. It is shown that cube on cube epitaxial relationship can be obtained when depositing at substrate temperature of 100 °C regardless of the lattice mismatch (5% and 14% for Cu and Pt, respectively). At lower substrate temperatures poly-crystalline multilayers were obtained while at higher substrate temperatures {111} planes appear at ∼10° off normal to the film plane. It is also shown that as the epitaxial strain increases, the easy magnetization axis rotates towards the direction that previously was assumed to be harder, i.e. from [110] to [100], and eventually further increase in the strain makes the magnetic hysteresis loops isotropic in the film plane. Higher epitaxial strain is also accompanied with increased coercivity values. Thus, the effect of epitaxial strain on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is much larger than what was observed previously in similar, but polycrystalline samples with uniaxial anisotropy (Kateb et al. 2021).

The λ-Point Map between Two Legendre Plane Curves

The λ-point map between two Legendre plane curves, which is a map from the plane into the plane, is introduced. The singularity of this map is studied through this paper and many known plane map singularities are realized as special cases of this construction. Precisely, the corank one and corank two singularities of the λ-point map between two Legendre plane curves are investigated and the geometric conditions for this map to have corank one singularities, such as fold, cusp, swallowtail, lips, and beaks are obtained. Additionally, the geometric conditions for the λ-point map to have a sharksfin singularity, which is a corank two singularity, are obtained.

Moduli of quadrilaterals and quasiconformal reflection

We study the interior and exterior moduli of polygonal quadrilaterals. The main result is a formula for a conformal mapping of the upper half plane onto the exterior of a convex polygonal quadrilateral. We prove this by a careful analysis of the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation and obtain the so-called accessory parameters and then the result in terms of the Lauricella hypergeometric function. This result enables us to understand the dissimilarities of the exterior and interior of a convex polygonal quadrilateral. We also give a Mathematica algorithm for the computation. Then we study the special case of an isosceles trapezoidal polygon L and obtain two-sided estimates for the coefficient of quasiconformal reflection over L in terms of special functions and geometric parameters of L.

Iterative roots of two-dimensional mappings

AbstractAs a weak version of embedding flow, the problem of iterative roots is studied extensively in one dimension, especially in monotone case. There are few results in high dimensions because the constructive method dealing with monotone mappings is unavailable. In this paper, by introducing a kind of partial order, we define the monotonicity for two-dimensional mappings and then present some results on the existence of iterative roots for linear mappings, triangle-type mappings, and co-triangle-type mappings, respectively. Our theorems show that even the property of monotonicity for iterative roots of monotone mappings, which is a trivial result in one dimension, does not hold anymore in high dimensions. At the end of this paper, the problem of iterative roots for two well-known planar mappings, that is, Hénon mappings and coupled logistic mappings, are also discussed.

Bazı Dembowski-Ostrom Polinomlarının Planaritesi Üzerine

Planar mappings, defined by Dembowski and Ostrom, are identified as a means to construct projective planes. Then, many important applications of planar mappings appear in different fields such as cryptography and coding theory. In this paper, we provide sufficient and necessary conditions for the planarity of certain Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials over the finite field extension of degree three with odd characteristic. In particular, we completely determine the coefficients of the given Dembowski-Ostrom polynomials to be planar.

Fusion of binocular vision, 2D lidar and IMU for outdoor localization and indoor planar mapping

Emergent fields such as Internet of Things applications, driverless cars, and indoor mobile robots have brought about an increasing demand for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology. In this study, we design a SLAM scheme called BVLI-SLAM based on binocular vision, 2D lidar, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The pose estimation provided by vision and the IMU can provide better initial values for the 2D lidar mapping algorithm and improve the mapping effect. Lidar can also assist vision to provide better plane and yaw angle constraints in weak texture areas and obtain higher precision 6-degree of freedom pose. BVLI-SLAM uses graph optimization to fuse the data of the IMU, binocular camera, and laser. The IMU pre-integration combines the visual reprojection error and the laser matching error to form an error equation, which is processed by a sliding window-based bundle adjustment optimization to calculate the pose in real time. Outdoor experiments based on KITTI datasets and indoor experiments based on the trolley mobile measurement platform show that BVLI-SLAM has different degrees of improvement in mapping effect, positioning accuracy, and robustness compared with VINS-Fusion and Cartographer, and can solve the problem of positioning and plane mapping in indoor complex scenes.

Reconstructing a Three-Dimensional Geological Model from Two-Dimensional Depositional Sections in a Tide-Dominated Estuarine Reservoir: A Case Study of Oil Sands Reservoir in Mackay River, Canada

A tide-dominated estuarine reservoir is an important oil reservoir. However, due to the force of bidirectional water flow, its internal structure is complex, and the heterogeneity is serious. Accurately establishing the tide-dominated estuarine reservoir model is a great challenge. This paper takes the Mackay River oil sands reservoir in Canada as the research object to establish the elaborate geological model of a tide-dominated estuarine reservoir. Through the meticulous depiction of core data, 14 kinds of lithofacies and nine kinds of architectural elements are identified, and the lithological and electrical response in sedimentary architectural elements is established. On this basis, the plane and vertical distribution of architectural elements, as well as the spatial superimposition patterns, are depicted and characterized through well seismic combination and plane and section interaction, and the representative plane and section architecture maps are obtained as 2D training images (TIs) for multi-point statistical modeling. The 2D TI is scanned by 2D data template to obtain the multi-point statistical probability of the 2D spatial architectural pattern. Then, the 2D multi-point probability is fused to generate three-dimensional (3D) multi-point statistical probability by the probabilistic fusion. Finally, Monte Carlo sampling is used to predict the spatial distribution of architectures, and an elaborate geological model of a tide-dominated estuarine reservoir is established. Compared with the traditional sequential indication modeling method, the point-to-point error of the model section based on the 2D section reconstruction method is only 25.92%, while the sequential indication modeling method is as high as 58.52%. Even far from the TI, the point-to-point error of the 2D section model is 33.13%. From the cross-validation, the average error of the 2D section is 11%, while the sequential indicator modeling error is 23.1%, which indicates that the accuracy of 2D reconstruction of the estuarine reservoir model is high, and this method is suitable for the establishment of the tide-dominated estuarine reservoir model.

Research on high precision optical fiber acoustic emission system for weak damage location on concrete

• Concrete weak AE location requires high detection accuracy of the system. • Random fiber laser enables the system to pick up weak AE waves on concrete. • Simulation and tests verify that the system can detect concrete AE wave reliably. • Random fiber laser and adaptive search strategy ensure a high location accuracy. • Accurate time difference of arrival can be used for a high precision AE location. A high precision optical fiber acoustic emission (AE) locating system with designed random fiber lasers (RFLs) and a proposed adaptive time of arrival extraction strategy for weak damage source location on concrete is proposed. The low frequency-noise and narrow linewidth of RFLs enable the system to obtain a high signal detection resolution of 8.32 × 10 −7 m/s within 500 kHz. Meanwhile, an adaptive threshold search strategy to optimize the onset time of the AE wave, thus maintaining small location errors from the perspective of improving the time difference of arrival (TDOA). Then, AE source localization is transformed into a genetic algorithm optimization process with TDOA as a parameter. The reliability of the RFL sensor in detecting weak pseudo-damage source signals from concrete is verified by simulation and experiment on a concrete slab with dimensions of 0.9 m × 0.9 m × 0.1 m. A total of 64 pseudo damage source location tests are performed at 16 random points on a concrete slab surface. The maximum axial location error of the system is 2.78%. The root mean square errors and standard deviations of the absolute errors are 2.8 cm and 9 mm, respectively. The accuracy and robustness of location are analyzed. Finally, the proposed system is used to locate the plane mapping points of concrete specimens cracked by crack water frost heaving, and the locating accuracy is 93.4%.

INVARIANTS FOR F-PLANAR MAPPINGS OF SYMMETRIC AFFINE CONNECTION SPACES

This research is motivated by similarity of basic equations of $F$-planar mappings of symmetric affine connection space $\mathbb A_N$ involved by J. Mike� and N. S. Sinyukov, and which have been studied by Mike��s research group (I. Hinterleitner, P. Pe\v ska, \linebreak J. Str\'ansk\'a) and almost geodesic mappings (specially almost geodesic mappings of the second type) ofthe space $\mathbb A_N$ involved by N. S. Sinyukov and which have been studied by many authors. We used the formulas obtained by N. O. Vesic to obtain invariants for special $F$-planar mappings in this article. These invariants are analogous to invariants of geodesic mappings (the Thomas projective parameter and the Weyl projective tensor).

Field Applicability of Earthwork Volume Calculations Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The earthwork volume must be calculated as accurately as possible for economical construction and cost savings. In particular, when calculating the areas and volumes of irregular curved terrains such as mountains, reservoirs, lakes, and coasts, the vertical assumptions for the boundary equation must be rationally and systematically established. This study focuses on earthwork volume calculation technology using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). UAV can be used for various types of work, including checking the progress of construction at construction sites and calculating the earthwork volume for large areas. However, earthwork volume calculation technology using UAV is inefficient in terms of information production, management, and reuse because the quantitative guidelines for UAV operations are insufficient, and the output quality, analysis method, and analysis results differ. To solve these problems, the authors investigated an earthwork volume calculation method for construction sites that use UAV to automate the on-site calculation of construction errors and support an on-site monitoring system using building information modeling (BIM). To calculate the earthwork volume of the target site, a chain method with a planned plane map based on the average end-area method was used as a representative earthwork volume calculation method. The digital surface model method was applied to review the optimization of the earthwork volume calculation using UAV. This study is a process of analyzing construction data, and aims to strengthen the linkage of 3D data and provide construction management information specialized in excavation work. Through this earthwork analysis using UAV, it is possible to intuitively review the progress of earthwork in 3D by linking the current site with the planned plane.

A Vision-Based Collision Monitoring System for Proximity of Construction Workers to Trucks Enhanced by Posture-Dependent Perception and Truck Bodies’ Occupied Space

In the study, an automated visualization of the proximity between workers and equipment is developed to manage workers’ safety at construction sites using the convolutional-neural-network-based image processing of a closed-circuit television video. The images are analyzed to automatically transform a hazard index visualized in the form of a plane map. The graphical representation of personalized proximity in the plane map is proposed and termed as safety ellipse in the study. The safety ellipse depending on the posture of workers and the area occupied by the hazardous objects (trucks) enable to represent precise proximity. Collision monitoring is automated with computer vision techniques of artificial-intelligence-based object detection, occupied space calculation, pose estimation, and homography.

CONSTRAINTS OF COMPLETE SYSTEMIC LAND REGISTRATION FISCAL YEAR 2020 ACCORDING TO REGULATIONS OF THE MINISTER OF AGRARIAN AND SPATIAL PLANNING/NATIONAL LAND AGENCY NUMBER 12 YEAR 2017

Abstract : Implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration of the Karanganyar Regency Land Office in Sringin Village, Jumantono District, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency number 12 of 2017 can run well and smoothly in accordance with the Land Rights Certificate target of Sringin Village as many as 85 land parcels and Land Plane Map as many as 86 plots of land. Whereas in the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration the Karanganyar Regency Land Office in Sringin Village, Jumantono District, there are obstacles, namely: Technical Constraints: factors that can hinder, hinder and limit the implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration activities, namely in terms of cost, communication, time, HR, and the surrounding environment. Legal Constraints: factors that can hinder, hinder and limit legal issues including administrative constraints, oro - oro land problems and swap issues.&#x0D; Keywords: Oro-oro land, Complete Systematic Land Registration, ruilslag

Characterization of plane to plane map germs by invariants

We characterize the map germs of corank at most 11 with AA-codimension ≤6≤6 in terms of certain invariants such as multiplicity and the number of cusps of map germs. On the basis of this characterization we present an algorithm to classify the map germs of corank at most 11 from (C2,0)(C2,0) to (C2,0)(C2,0) with AA-codimension ≤6≤6 and also give its implementation in the computer algebra system SINGULAR.

Effect of Ligament Mapping from Different Magnetic Resonance Image Quality on Joint Stability in a Personalized Dynamic Model of the Human Ankle Complex

Background. Mechanical models of the human ankle complex are used to study the stabilizing role of ligaments. Identification of ligament function may be improved via image-based personalized approach. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of the ligament origin and insertion site definitions obtained with different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities on the mechanical behaviour of a dynamic model of the ankle complex. Methods. MRI scans, both via 1.5 T and 3.0 T, were performed on a lower-limb specimen, free from anatomical defects, to obtain morphological information on ligament-to-bone attachment sites. This specimen was used previously to develop the dynamic model. A third ligament attachment site mapping scheme was based on anatomical dissection of the scanned specimen. Following morphological comparison of the ligament attachment sites, their effect on the mechanical behaviour of the ankle complex, expressed by three-dimensional load–displacement properties, was assessed through the model. Results. Large differences were observed in the subtalar ligament attachment sites between those obtained through the two MRI scanning modalities. The 3.0 T MRI mapping was more consistent with dissection than the 1.5 T MRI. Load–displacement curves showed similar mechanical behaviours between the three mappings in the frontal plane, but those obtained from the 3.0 T MRI mapping were closer to those obtained from dissection. Conclusions. The state-of-the-art 3.0 T MRI image analysis resulted in more realistic mapping of ligament fibre origin and insertion site definitions; corresponding load–displacement predictions from a subject-specific model of the ankle complex showed a mechanical behaviour more similar to that using direct ligament attachment observations.

Tunable buckling configurations via in-plane periodicity in soft 3D-fiber composites: Simulations and experiments

We study the buckling of soft 3D-fiber composites (FCs) with varying in-plane microstructure periodicity. Through our experiments and simulations, we find that the out-of-plane buckling orientation of fibers is determined by the constituent material properties, volume fractions, and the in-plane periodicity. The examples are given for the FCs with rectangular in-plane arrangement of fibers, i.e., the fibers are periodically situated at distance a from each other in one principal direction and distance b along the other principal direction (b>a). We provide a buckling configuration map in the design-space of geometric parameters (fiber volume fraction and in-plane periodicity aspect ratio, b/a). Pre-determined by the microstructure parameters, the fibers buckle towards (i) the first principal direction along which the fibers are closer to each other, or (ii) the second principal direction, or (iii) towards a non-principal direction. Furthermore, we find that the characteristics of the buckling plane map is governed by the shear modulus contrast between the phases of FCs. We anticipate that the distinct instability patterns reported here will enrich the design-space for building deformation-controlled tunable materials.