Place In Space Research Articles

Early results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using a patient-matched glenoid implant for severe glenoid bone deficiency

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) in the presence of significant glenoid bone loss remains a challenge. This study presents preliminary clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary and revision rTSA using a patient-matched, 3-dimensionally printed custom metal glenoid implant to address severe glenoid bone deficiency. Between September 2017 and November 2018, 19 patients with severe glenoid bone deficiency underwent primary (n = 9) or revision rTSA (n = 10) using the Comprehensive Vault Reconstruction System (VRS) (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) at a single institution. Preoperative and postoperative values for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, and visual analog scale pain scoreand active range of motion were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank testwith the level of statistical significance set at P < .05. Complications occurred in 4 patients (21%), including a nondisplaced greater tuberosity fracture treated conservatively in 1, intraoperative cortical perforation during humeral cement removal treated with an allograft strut in 1, and recurrent instability and hematoma formation treated with humeral component revision in 1. One patient with an early periprosthetic infection was treated with component removal and antibiotic spacer placement at an outside facility and was subsequently lost to follow-up. Eighteen patients with 1-year minimum clinical and radiographic follow-up were evaluated (mean, 18.2 months; range, 12-27 months). Significant improvements were noted in the mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (57.4 ± 16.5 vs. 29.4 ± 19.5, P < .001), mean Constant score (24.6 ± 10.2 vs. 60.4 ± 14.5, P < .001), mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (32 ± 18.2 vs. 79 ± 15.6, P < .001), mean Simple Shoulder Test score (4.5 ± 2.6 vs. 9.3 ± 1.8, P < .001), mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (25.4 ± 13.7 vs. 72.2 ± 17.8, P < .001), mean visual analog scale pain score (6.2 ± 2.9 vs. 0.7 ± 1.3, P < .001), mean active forward flexion (53° ± 27° vs. 124° ± 23°, P < .001), and mean active abduction (42° ± 17° to 77° ± 15°, P < .001). Mean external rotation changed from 17° ± 19° to 32° ± 24° (P = .06). No radiographic evidence of component loosening, scapular notching, or hardware failure was observed at last follow-up in any patient. The preliminary results of rTSA using the VRS to manage severe glenoid bone deficiency are promising, but longer follow-up is necessary to determine the longevity of this implant.

Association of the Placement of a Perirectal Hydrogel Spacer With the Clinical Outcomes of Men Receiving Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Perirectal spacers are intended to lower the risk of rectal toxic effects associated with prostate radiotherapy. A quantitative synthesis of typical clinical results with specific perirectal spacers is limited. To evaluate the association between perirectal hydrogel spacer placement and clinical outcomes of men receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer. A systematic search was performed of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase for articles published through September 2019. Studies comparing men who received a hydrogel spacer vs men who did not receive a spacer (controls) prior to prostate radiotherapy. Via random-effects meta-analysis, group comparisons were reported using the weighted mean difference for continuous measures and the risk ratio for binary measures. Procedural results, the percentage volume of rectum receiving at least 70 Gy radiation (v70), early (≤3 months) and late (>3 months) rectal toxic effects, and early and late changes in bowel-related quality of life on the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (minimal clinically important difference, 4 points). The review included 7 studies (1 randomized clinical trial and 6 cohort studies) involving 1011 men (486 who received a hydrogel spacer and 525 controls), with a median duration of patient follow-up of 26 months (range, 3-63 months). The success rate of hydrogel spacer placement was 97.0% (95% CI, 94.4%-98.8% [5 studies]), and the weighted mean perirectal separation distance was 11.2 mm (95% CI, 10.1-12.3 mm [5 studies]). Procedural complications were mild and transient, occurring in 0% to 10% of patients within the studies. The hydrogel spacer group received 66% less v70 rectal irradiation compared with controls (3.5% vs 10.4%; mean difference, -6.5%; 95% CI, -10.5% to -2.5%; P = .001 [6 studies]). The risk of grade 2 or higher rectal toxic effects was comparable between groups in early follow-up (4.5% in hydrogel spacer group vs 4.1% in control group; risk ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.52-1.28; P = .38 [6 studies]) but was 77% lower in the hydrogel spacer group in late follow-up (1.5% vs 5.7%; risk ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.99; P = .05 [4 studies]). Changes in bowel-related quality of life were comparable between groups in early follow-up (mean difference, 0.2; 95% CI, -3.1 to 3.4; P = .92 [2 studies]) but were greater in the hydrogel spacer group in late follow-up (mean difference, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.8-8.0; P < .001 [2 studies]). For men receiving prostate radiotherapy, injection of a hydrogel spacer was safe, provided prostate-rectum separation sufficient to reduce v70 rectal irradiation, and was associated with fewer rectal toxic effects and higher bowel-related quality of life in late follow-up.

Comparative Analysis of Knee Joint Fusion with Long Locking Nail and Ilizarov Apparatus in Patients with Deep Infection after Arthroplasty

Relevance. Deep infection after knee arthroplasty requires radical surgical treatment of the infection site, removal of endoprosthesis components, and an antimicrobial spacer placement. If revision knee arthroplasty is impossible, the «gold standard» for this kind of patients is knee joint arthrodesis. The purpose of the study was the comparative analysis of knee joint fusion by external and internal fixation. Materials and Methods. The analysis of 60 cases of knee arthrodesis was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups with 30 patients in each. In the first group, knee arthrodesis was performed with long locking nail, in the second group — with external ring fixation. We compared the groups by intraoperative and drainage blood loss, the inpatient treatment duration, the terms of fusion and complications registered. The patients quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire before surgery, for the periods of 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery. Results. The comparison of two methods of knee arthrodesis showed that blood loss in the internal fixation compared with external one, was 2.03 times more, the duration of inpatient treatment was 1.4 times less, and the total number of complications was 4.4 times less. However, the complications that affected the treatment outcome in long nail group were 1.5 times more. The differences in the average time of ankylosis formation were not statistically significant (p0.05). The functional results of the treatment in 3 months after surgery in the group with internal fixation were much better. In 6 months after surgery the quality of life had no significant differences. In 12 months follow-up the indices in both groups were the same. Conclusion. The results of our study suggests us to think, knee joint arthrodesis by long fusion nail should be prefereble. If the nail insertion is technically impossible, and there is the high risk of deep infection recurrence, the external osteosynthesis should be used.

An abdominal spacer that does not require surgical removal and allows drainage of abdominal fluids in patients undergoing carbon ion radiotherapy.

Abdominal spacers are useful for maintaining the distance between the target tumors and surrounding tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract, in patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy. Surgical intervention to remove the spacers is sometimes necessary because of abdominal infections triggered by long-term spacer placement or intestinal perforation. Therefore, spacers that do not require surgical removal and provide effective drainage against abdominal infections are urgently needed. This study aimed to develop a spacer that could be removed non-surgically and one that provides the therapeutic effect of drainage in patients who receive carbon ion radiotherapy for abdominal tumors. A novel fan-shaped spacer was constructed from a film drain that was folded along the trigger line. Simple withdrawal of the trigger line caused the film drain to fold and the holding lines to become free. We performed laparoscopy-assisted insertion with pneumoperitoneum and blind removal of the spacer fourteen times using a porcine model. Saline in the abdominal cavity was effectively aspirated using the spacer. Our novel fan-shaped spacer could be removed safely without surgery and was able to drain fluid effectively from the abdominal cavity.

Institutional Regulation of Clustering Processes and Innovative Development of Russian Regions

The article presents methodological features of two stages of cluster policy in Russian Federation, the purpose of which is to ensure the accelerated formation of innovative clusters in regions that are not covered by clustering processes, as well as the development of existing clusters. It is concluded that the current stage of cluster policy in Russian Federation is characterized by the priority application of administrative and program-target models. Russia's transition to the second stage of implementing the cluster development policy will require a transition to infrastructure-institutional and mediation models. Based on the regularities of production placement in the economic space of the country, author highlights main principles and directions of state regulation of clustering processes in the economic systems of Russian regions.

PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR INTERIOR RESTORAN MALIOBORO DENGAN MENGADOPSI ELEMEN BUDAYA TRADISIONAL OLEH BINA RUPA STUDIO

Malioboro Restaurant was established in 2007 so after 12 years asking for a new face asking for the history of the establishment of a restaurant that was first built in Bali with the atmosphere and cultural distinctiveness created in Bali so that consumers in Surabaya can also find out the history of Malioboro Chicken Bone this is expected from Bali and is a special feature for soft bone chicken lovers in Surabaya. It is a problem determined by the site that is monotonous and does not reflect Bali in its design. Layout and circulation of visitors is irregular because of the placement of undirected space. There are also those who want to be written, will interpret the value of the company, namely feel the art by heart. The concept of the restaurant also wants to be introduced to the local culture in every room that is designed “contemporary”. Using traditional elements that give rise to the impression of a modern contemporary that prioritizes the principle of unity and harmony where elements are considered as elements and all elements that are interrelated and sustainable.&#x0D;

Modeling of technological parameters of filament joints of clothing parts for professional sports fencing

The object of the presented research is the technological process of manufacturing clothes for professional sports fencing. The subject of research is the quality of the knitted joints, which are regulated by technical requirements and require special attention when designing an assortment of clothes for fencing athletes.The research methodology is based on the analysis of scientific literature, measurement of mechanical properties and modeling of technological parameters of knitted joints of fencing clothes. In order to determine the effect of the number of stitches on the breaking strength and the longitudinal deformation of the knitted joints of fencing clothes, mathematical modeling of the manufacturing process using the experimental design method is used. The choice of the experimental design is associated with determining the number of experimental points and their placement in the factor space, which will make it possible to obtain the necessary information for making a decision with a relatively small number of experiments. During the study, methods were used to determine the breaking strength and extended deformation of the joints. A feature of the study is the determination of rational technological parameters of the knitted joints while maintaining the necessary tensile strength and a certain level of longitudinal deformation. The rational parameters of the number of stitches in the seam-sewn and finishing stitching lines for the studied materials of fencing clothes are those for which the tensile strength of the seam is ≥970 N and the longitudinal deformation does not exceed ± 2.0%, namely: t– (5.0÷6.5) stitches/10 mm, h–(3.0÷3.5) stitches/10 mm.The obtained results prove the possibility of using mathematical modeling methods to predict the quality of knitted joints of clothing parts for professional sports fencing. This approach is of practical importance and can be applied both at the stage of designing the technology of manufacturing clothes for professional sports fencing when choosing processing modes for new materials, and at the stage of manufacturing and quality control of performed operations.

Transverse vs. parasagittal in-plane approaches in ultrasound-guided paravertebral block using a microconvex probe: A randomised controlled trial.

Several approaches have been proposed for ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block, but the best approach remains unclear. We compared two ultrasound-guided in-plane approaches using a microconvex probe, transverse and parasagittal. We assessed whether either approach would facilitate successful catheter placement in the paravertebral space. Randomised controlled trial. University hospital, July 2015 to March 2016. Sixty patients scheduled to undergo thoracotomy were randomly allocated into two groups. A microconvex probe was placed transversely between adjacent ribs (transverse) or sagittally between adjacent transverse processes (parasagittal). When the Tuohy needle reached the paravertebral space, a catheter was inserted to a depth of 4 cm. Then, 0.5-ml radiocontrast was injected through the catheter under fluoroscopy. The primary outcome was successful catheter placement in the paravertebral space; secondary outcomes were 0 to 100 mm visual analogue scale pain score and morphine consumption in the first 24 h. All patients received the allocated paravertebral block. Correct catheter placement occurred in 23 (77%) and 24 patients (80%) using the transverse (n=30) and parasagittal approaches (n=30), respectively (P = 1.00). Five patients were excluded due to changes in surgical procedure. Postoperative pain, represented by median [IQR] visual analogue scale score, was 19.5 [12 to 25] at rest and 55 [44 to 77] on movement with the transverse approach (n=28) vs. 22 [12 to 33.5] at rest and 59 [41.5 to 75] on movement with the parasagittal approach (n=27) (P = 0.57 at rest, P = 0.76 on movement). Median morphine consumption was 11.5 [5 to 21] and 11 [5 to 18] mg in the transverse and parasagittal approaches, respectively (P = 0.99). There were no clinically significant differences between approaches for continuous ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block using a microconvex probe, and both approaches achieved a high rate of correct catheter placement. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry identifier: UMIN000015988.

МОДЕЛИ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОСТРАНСТВ В СТРУКТУРЕ ГОРОДСКИХ АКВАТОРИЙ

An approach to the architectural and landscape formation of public spaces on water, based on a model representation of the contact zone "river-city", is proposed. The functional loads of public spaces that are transferred to the structure of urban water areas are systematized. Several promising methods in the formation of public spaces on water are presented as meaningful levels of interaction between water area and coastal urban structure: 1) a scenario-functional approach to the formation of linear spaces of public pedestrian environment, 2) the addition and development of ecological complex of the waters, 3) the aesthetic harmonization of environment of coastal areas; 4) strengthening the transverse links of the city and the water area through the placement of public spaces on water. The first method based on scenario-functional approach proposes eight functional planning models for organizing public spaces on water: linear-translational model, complex-dissected model, transverse (scenario-functional) model, closed (ring) model, radial (arched) model, fan (beam) model of public spaces in the structure of the water area, reciprocating (combined) model and discrete model. A number of theoretical models of the organization of public spaces in the structure of urban water areas are proposed. They reflect the principles of aesthetic harmonization of riverside landscape, complement and rehabilitate lost qualities of their ecological complex and organize transverse links of urban environment with water area. The presented models expand the range of possible conceptual approaches and methods of riverside and water areas reconstruction, modernization and adaptation to public functions. In addition, they form new methodological tools for pre-project analysis, architectural concept search and modeling of the building-water zone.

Antibiotic cement spacer retention for chronic shoulder infection after minimum 2-year follow-up

The treatment of periprosthetic shoulder infections and proximal humerus osteomyelitis is challenging. The outcomes of antibiotic cement spacer retention are poorly defined in the literature. The purpose of this study was to review long-term functional and patient-reported outcomes data of patients with retained antibiotic cement spacers. We predict reasonable functional outcomes and minimal pain. We identified 22 patients of the senior author who have been treated with definitive antibiotic spacer placement. All patients were originally offered a 2-stage revision and declined. Twelve patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years and were included in our cohort. Mean age was 70.7 (range 59-81), 8/12 patients were female, and the average body mass index was 27.8 (range = 17-45). Functional outcome assessments included the Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score (QuickDASH), and visual analog scale (VAS) along with clinical range of motion examination. Thepatients were followed up for a mean of 5.6 years. Eight patients had spacer placement for chronic shoulder arthroplasty infections, whereas 4 patients had spacer placement for chronic osteomyelitis of the proximal humerus. No patients were currently being treated with suppressive antibiotics. One patient had negative cultures at the time of antibiotic spacer placement. The most common organisms were Cutibacterium acnes (6), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (4), with 4 patients growing more than 1 species. The average ASES score was 54 (range = 27-73), QuickDASH was 45 (range = 14-89), and VAS score 2.8 (range = 0-8). Average active range of motion was 68° of forward elevation and 35° of external rotation. Retention of antibiotic cement spacer is a viable option in the treatment algorithm for chronic shoulder infections. Long-term antibiotic cement spacer may be considered for those patients who are unwilling or unable to undergo a 2-stage revision. Patients can expect a reasonable amount of function and little to no pain with an antibiotic cement spacer.

Space-making particle therapy for sarcomas derived from the abdominopelvic region

BackgroundThe primary definitive treatment for abdominopelvic sarcomas (APSs) is resection, although incomplete resection has a negative prognostic impact. Although the effectiveness of particle therapy (PT) as a treatment for APS has already been demonstrated, its application for tumors adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract is frequently restricted, due to extremely low tolerance. Space-making PT, consisting of surgical spacer placement and subsequent PT, has been developed to overcome this limitation. Materials and methodsBetween June 2006 and June 2018, a total of 75 patients with 12 types of APS underwent space-making PT. ResultsThe 3-year local control rate of all patients was 90.3%. Fourteen surgery-related complications were observed in 12 patients (16%), and complications of Grade 3b or higher were observed in 3 patients. Ninety-five PT-related complications were seen in 66 patients (88.0%), and 13 patients (17.3%) had complications of Grade 3 or higher. The median V95% (volume irradiated with 95% of the treatment planning dose) of the gross tumor volume and clinical target volume were 99.9% and 99.5%, respectively. The median D95% (dose intensity covering 95% of the target volume) of the gross tumor volume/planned dose and clinical target volume/planned dose were 99.4%, and 99.1%, respectively. ConclusionThe feasibility and effectiveness of space-making PT have been demonstrated via dosimetric evaluation, and our results indicate that this new strategy may potentially provide an effective and innovative treatment option for advanced APS.

Flash Sterilization and Component Reimplantation Is a Viable Option for Articulating Antibiotic Spacers in Periprosthetic Knee Infections.

The articulating antibiotic spacer is a treatment utilized for two-stage revision of an infected total knee arthroplasty. The original femoral component is retained and reused in one described variation of this technique. The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of flash sterilization of the femoral component for reimplantation in an articulating antibiotic spacer for the treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection. A total of 10 patients were identified prospectively with a culture positive infected total knee arthroplasty. The patients underwent explantation, debridement, and placement of an articulating antibiotic spacer consisting of the explanted and sterilized femoral component and a new polyethylene tibial insert. The explanted tibial components were cleaned and flash-sterilized with the femoral components, but the components were then aseptically packaged and sent to our microbiology laboratory for sonication and culture of the sonicate for 14 days. Ten of 10 cleaned tibial components were negative for bacterial growth of the infecting organism after final testing and analysis. At 18-month follow-up, 9 of 10 of patients remained clear of infection. Among the 10 patients, 7 were pleased with their articulating spacer construct and had no intention of electively pursuing reimplantation. Also, 3 of 10 of patients were successfully reimplanted at a mean of 6.5 months after explantation. Autoclave sterilization and reimplantation of components may be a safe and potentially resource-sparing method of articulating spacer placement in two-stage treatment of PJI. Patient follow-up demonstrated clinical eradication of infection in 90% of cases with good patient tolerance of the antibiotic spacer.

Long-term results of antibiotic spacers for the infected total knee: A retrospective case-control study

Background: Surgery to treat deep space infections in total knee arthroplasty can be associated with significant medical comorbidities. A tibiofemoral intramedullary nail with antibiotic cement (nonarticulating spacers) often is used to eradicate infection while allowing a patient to avoid the potential disadvantages of an above-knee amputation. Methods: A retrospective review of clinical data was performed on all patients treated with a nonarticulating antibiotic spacer from 2010 to 2014. Operative notes, progress reports, laboratory, and microbiology results were collected and analyzed for our cohort of patients. Results: Thirty patients were included within this report of results. The average age was 62.70 yr old (±12.17, min=39, max=86), and the average body mass index was 35.48 (±9.43). Fifty percent were men (15/30), and 56.67% (17/30) of patients had diabetes mellitus. A large portion of patients (20%; 6/30) originally presented to the intensive care unit with septic arthritis and 33.33% (10/30) were septic on arrival. Prior to static spacer placement, 86.67 (26/30) of patients had a previous surgical procedure to attempt to eradicate infection. The average follow-up was 16.82 mo (±12.80 mo), and the most common organism causing the index infection was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). At final follow-up, 83.33% (15/18) of patients living with a nonarticulating spacer were able to ambulate with the spacer. Conclusions: Nonarticulating antibiotic spacers offer a viable treatment option to stabilize a knee with significant soft-tissue injury and bone loss from explant procedures for infection. Level of Evidence: Level IV.

A bilevel learning approach for optimal observation placement in variational data assimilation

In this paper we propose a bilevel optimization approach for the placement of space and time observations in variational data assimilation problems. Within the framework of supervised learning, we consider a bilevel problem where the lower-level task is the variational reconstruction of the initial condition of a semilinear system, and the upper-level problem solves the optimal placement with help of a sparsity inducing function. Due to the pointwise nature of the observations, an optimality system with regular Borel measures is obtained as necessary optimality condition for the lower-level problem. The latter is then considered as constraint for the upper-level instance, yielding an optimization problem constrained by a multi-state system with measures. We demonstrate existence of Lagrange multipliers and derive a necessary optimality system characterizing the optimal solutions of the bilevel problem. The numerical solution is carried out also on two levels. The lower-level problem is solved using a standard BFGS method, while the upper-level one is solved by means of a projected BFGS algorithm, based on the estimation of -active sets. Finally some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the main features of our approach.

The concept of flexibility in the formation of contemporary biological spaces

Flexibility in architectural spaces makes it possible to adjust the living conditions associated with human settlements and adapt the residential unit to human behavior. Today, due to the lack of a correct statement about the proper placement of spaces, biologic neighborhoods in relation to geographic location and the neglect of the true concept of comfort in modern buildings, seems necessary to provide appropriate solutions to this problem. What is the concept of flexibility and how to create and achieve solutions for the reconciliation of the human environment in the climate of own habitat? All of this research seeks to provide a solution to the creative design of flexible spaces, with goals such as: improving and increasing the performance of residential spaces, developing creative design solutions in residential spaces, introducing theoretical foundations and criteria for flexible spaces, and taking advantage of in today's design of housing. The study of theoretical concepts of flexible spaces will help residents to create comfort in the living space of contemporary buildings. This research proposes, through deductive reasoning, appropriate solutions to the positive effects of physical, functional, social and functional characteristics, on increasing the comfort of living in resident settlements. This research is of qualitative and descriptive-analytic method for elaboration of the issue of flexibility and promotion of biological comfort in contemporary habitat. In the discussion of theoretical foundations, a library research has been used including specialized sites, books and scientific articles that use Results and data aggregation can be found in effective physical solutions appropriate to the conditions of the construction of contemporary buildings in Iran.

What is the quality of hydrogel spacer insertions? and which patients will benefit? A literature review

AbstractAim:To evaluate the quality of rectal hydrogel spacer (HS) insertions from literature in patients undergoing radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The secondary aim is to assess the benefit of HSs in patients with risk factors more likely to have rectal complications, such as non-conventional radiotherapy dose fractionations and high-risk disease.Method and materials:A literature search of peer-reviewed electronic articles was carried out using Boolean connectors and Medical Subject Headings in the databases. Databases searched included ScienceDirect, Medline and Cinahl. The articles were assessed using relevant critical appraisal skills programme tools.Results:From the 26 studies used, HS showed a clinically significant relative reduction in rectal planning dose volumes for both high- and low-risk prostate cancer patients in a range of radiotherapy treatment modalities including volumetric modulated arc therapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, intensity-modulated proton therapy, stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Spacer placements were successfully inserted in 99% of patients. However, rectal wall infiltration occurrence was 6% and ≥2 cm unsymmetrical placements in 2%.Findings:A spacer scoring system based on the HS symmetry has provided evidence of the quality of the position inserted, which was visually aided by T2-wieghted MRIs. Despite optimal HS placements ranging from 62 to 72%, HS had a clinically significant reduction of ≥25% in planned rectal V70 dose in 97% of patients.

Two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from a karstic archipelago in the Salween Basin of southern Myanmar (Burma).

An integrative taxonomic analysis of the 10 species of the Cyrtodactylus sinyineensis group based on squamation, color pattern, and the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and its flanking tRNA regions, recovered the newly discovered populations from Datt Kyaik and Taung Wine Hills in Kayin State as the new species Cyrtodactylus dattkyaikensis sp. nov. and C. taungwineensis sp. nov. The Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic estimates supported C. dattkyaikensis sp. nov. as the sister species of C. bayinnyiensis and C. taungwineensis sp. nov. as the sister species of C. sinyineensis. Each new species is differentially diagnosable from all other C. sinyineensis group species based on their morphological placement in multivariate space and several statistically significant mean differences is meristic squamation and color pattern data. The C. sinyineensis group ranges across an archipelago of karstic habitat-islands in the Salween Basin of southern Myanmar. The discovery of these new species continues to underscore the unprecedented high degree of diversity and site-specific endemism in this relatively small region and the urgent need for the conservation of its karstic terranes.

Operation of cable lines under fire conditions

Branched cable communications are carriers of fire load, they are tracks along which fire spreads in buildings and structures. Therefore, currently, fire safety of cables is one of the most important tasks of the cable industry. The spread of flames in vertical bunch wiring depends on the following factors: the amount of combustible material that is exposed to high temperatures, geometric shapes of cables and their mutual location when laying, the ignition temperature of gases emitted by cables, the volume of combustible gases emitted by cables at a certain elevated temperature, the room capacity and volume of air passing through the cable structure, cable devices. Analysis of regulatory documents revealed some key differences in the methodology of standards. It was found that the spread of fire is not only affected by the volume of laid cables, but also by their mutual placement in space. A direct correlation was found between the influence of the crosssection of the cable core and preservation of the cable line in case of fire. Parameters were determined for the preservation of serviceability under fire exposure in the case of bunch and in the case of single wiring. It has been determined that it is impossible to spread the results of fire tests in case of single wiring in accordance with GOST IEC 60331-21-2011 and in case of bunch wiring in accordance with GOST IEC 60332-3-22-2011 to the results of tests in accordance with GOST R 53316-2009 for the preservation of operability of cable lines. The parameters of fire resistance and operability of cable products under the influence of flame depending on the type of cables and the method of their installation have been determined.

«Топофилия» и «топофобия»:к феноменологии пространственного опыта

The research is dedicated to the critical comparison of two phenomenological strategies that elaborate the issue of space (G. Bachelard’s and D. Trigg’s), and link the placement in space with the emotional and bodily experience and the ca­pacity of human to extend beyond. Phenomenological descriptions of the spacial experience indicate the deeply emotional colouring of human attitude towards place, that implies searching for one’s “own place in the world”, or a home. The article develops the idea that the relationship between the human and the space (or the way the body perceives the space) can be conceptualized through the concepts of topophilia and topophobia. This explanation has existential ground, and it has to deal with poetic imagination, hope and anxiety. The con­cepts of the friendly/unfriendly landscape or environment cannot be reduced to the personal or subjective judgement on its ergonomics, but it also cannot be limited to the constructive characteristics and pecularities of some place per­ceived as a “workspace”, “leisure area” etc. The friendliness of the space as such can be comprehended through the phenomenological description of bodily expe­rience and the corresponding research of topophilia and topophobia, which should be treated not as psychological diagnosis or concrete attitudes of con­sciousness, but as phenomena, which are revealing itself in the world. Phe­nomenology of bodily presence in space can be seen as a prolific method, that could provide the descriptions of experience, which are necessary for implemen­tation of “the right of the city” (H. Lefebvre).

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain Using Conventional Devices: Technique and Complication Avoidance.

The introduction of peripheral neuromodulation to treat headache and facial pain two decades ago opened up the field to non-neurosurgical practitioners, given the relatively low risk and technical ease of the procedure. These procedures, primarily occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) and trigeminal branch stimulation such as supra- and infraorbital nerve stimulation, are now established to be effective in a number of facial pain and headache syndromes, despite their lack of approval by regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). For that reason and others, dedicated hardware for these procedures has not yet been developed, thus relying on hardware designed for placement in the epidural space for spinal cord stimulation (SCS). This has led to a series of technical issues and device-related complications not traditionally seen with SCS. I will review the surgical technique of ONS and peripheral nerve stimulation of the head and face utilizing this equipment, and discuss methods learned by experienced practitioners over the years to minimize device-related complications.