МОДЕЛИ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОСТРАНСТВ В СТРУКТУРЕ ГОРОДСКИХ АКВАТОРИЙ

Abstract

An approach to the architectural and landscape formation of public spaces on water, based on a model representation of the contact zone "river-city", is proposed. The functional loads of public spaces that are transferred to the structure of urban water areas are systematized. Several promising methods in the formation of public spaces on water are presented as meaningful levels of interaction between water area and coastal urban structure: 1) a scenario-functional approach to the formation of linear spaces of public pedestrian environment, 2) the addition and development of ecological complex of the waters, 3) the aesthetic harmonization of environment of coastal areas; 4) strengthening the transverse links of the city and the water area through the placement of public spaces on water. The first method based on scenario-functional approach proposes eight functional planning models for organizing public spaces on water: linear-translational model, complex-dissected model, transverse (scenario-functional) model, closed (ring) model, radial (arched) model, fan (beam) model of public spaces in the structure of the water area, reciprocating (combined) model and discrete model. A number of theoretical models of the organization of public spaces in the structure of urban water areas are proposed. They reflect the principles of aesthetic harmonization of riverside landscape, complement and rehabilitate lost qualities of their ecological complex and organize transverse links of urban environment with water area. The presented models expand the range of possible conceptual approaches and methods of riverside and water areas reconstruction, modernization and adaptation to public functions. In addition, they form new methodological tools for pre-project analysis, architectural concept search and modeling of the building-water zone.