Place Of Residence Research Articles

Prevalence of Bottle‐Feeding Practice and Associated Factors Among Mothers of Children Under Five in the World, 2024: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

ABSTRACTBackgroundChild‐feeding practices, particularly breastfeeding, significantly impact children's health and survival. However, bottle feeding, although historically practiced, presents numerous disadvantages affecting optimal child nutrition and health. Despite World Health Organisation and The United Nations Children's Fund recommendations against bottle feeding, it remains prevalent globally, affecting roughly 59% of infants worldwide and 85% in Australia by 5 months of age.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the prevalence and determinants of bottle feeding among mothers of children under five globally.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. We comprehensively searched electronic databases for English‐language articles published between 2014 and 2024. The quality of studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data were analysed in STATA version 17, including summary tables, narrative descriptions, forest plots, and statistical heterogeneity and publication bias assessment.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of bottle feeding among mothers was 57%. Subgroup analysis revealed higher prevalence in larger sample sizes (> 2151) and lower prevalence in smaller ones. Factors significantly associated with bottle feeding included mode of delivery (OR = 1.953; 95%, CI: 1.272, 2.635), child hospitalisation (OR = 1.984, CI: 1.593, 2.376), mother's occupation (OR = 1.579; CI: 1.467, 1.690), post‐natal care (OR = 2.965; CI: (1.358, 4.571), age of children (OR = 2.836; CI: 1.895, 3.777), place of residence (OR = 1.423; CI: 0.994, 1.852), and mother's education (OR = 3.366, CI: 1.949, 4.783).ConclusionEfforts to promote optimal child‐feeding practices should address the identified determinants, emphasising the importance of breastfeeding and providing support to mothers, especially those facing challenges such as cesarean delivery, child hospitalisation, and maternal employment.

Nursing students' knowledge and related factors towards skin cancer: A systematic review

This systematic review aims to examine the nursing students' knowledge and related factors towards skin cancer. In order to conduct this comprehensive and review study, articles were searched from the earliest to April 1, 2023 using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "knowledge", "skin cancer", and "nursing students" in various international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database. The appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies included in this article. In total, 2,841 nursing students participated in five cross-sectional studies. The average age of the students was 20.93 (SD=1.89). 78.07% of the students in this study were female. 19.70% of students had a history of skin cancer in their family member. The average nursing students' knowledge and related factors towards skin cancer was 14.78 (SD=2.68) out of 25 which suggests a moderate level of knowledge. Factors such as year of study, female gender, age, using cosmetics, using depilatory wax, using epilating appliance, skin cancer caused by sun exposure, and protection of information have a significant positive relationship with nursing students' knowledge about skin cancer. However, knowledge had a negative relationship with factors such as using shaving, having mole, and having swelling. Additionally, the factors of father education, place of residence, sunburn frequency, source information had a significant relationship with nursing students' knowledge about skin cancer. According to the results of this review, the knowledge of nursing students in skin cancer is moderate. Therefore, nursing professors may contribute to the development of nursing students' knowledge by providing an online or physical education platform related to skin cancer.

Study of the Association Between Socioeconomic Determinants and Pregnancy Follow-Up Indicators of Mothers of Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Insights for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Aims: This study investigates the association between socioeconomic determinants and pregnancy follow-up among 200 mothers of low-birth-weight newborns. By identifying factors influencing maternal care and birth outcomes, the study contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3, 8, and 10, focusing on improving maternal and child health, reducing socioeconomic disparities, and ensuring equitable healthcare access. Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted over 12 months (June 2020–July 2021) at the neonatology and nutrition reference center of Rabat Children's Hospital. The study recruited 206 mother-child pairs, focusing on those with low-birth-weight infants. Results: Among the 200 mothers, 92% followed their pregnancies. Distribution of prenatal consultations was as follows: 0.54% had one visit, 5.98% two visits, 33.7% three, 41.85% four, and 17.93% more than four. Analysis revealed significant associations between pregnancy follow-up and socioeconomic factors. Maternal age (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001), and place of residence significantly influenced pregnancy monitoring, with urban mothers more likely to receive follow-up care. Single mothers had a 100% non-tracking rate, while married mothers predominantly monitored their pregnancies. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the strong influence of sociodemographic factors on antenatal care use, aligning with findings from other contexts. It contributes new insights into the specific characteristics of our study population and has practical implications for shaping maternal and child health policies, addressing the unique needs of diverse sub-populations. Achieving SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) requires targeted interventions that improve equitable access to quality maternal care.

The Use of National Minority Culture in Tourism Development

In our tourist travels, we seek experiences in locales distinct from our places of residence or work. Tourism developments strive to fulfil this desire by showcasing and making tangible some unique local characteristic, thus attracting visitors to a specific place. In resource-poor areas, one of the simplest and least investment-demanding ways to achieve this is by turning a unique element of local culture into an attraction and celebrating it. This does not require costly infrastructure development, but it can still attract tourists. Our study focuses on these local celebrations, which are most often referred to as festivals, feasts or competitions. In the first part of this paper, our goal is to draw attention to a specific group of local festivals, events that focus on the culture of national minorities. Along with examples from Hungary, we present in more detail two festivals: one in Southwest Hungary’s Feked and the other in Southeast Hungary’s Deszk. In the second part of the study, we categorise local festivals based on the cultural elements they highlight. According to my research, four basic categories can be determined. Festivals can be created to celebrate a well-identifiable local cultural or economic phenomenon. There are local celebrations aimed at preserving or reviving disappearing or vanished local cultural elements. There are festivals that emphasise newly invented traditions. Finally, events based on humour or randomness can also be the basis of a tourist attraction.

The adequacy of residential parking requirements: a comparison of demand and required supply in European cities

Minimum residential parking requirements exist in most European cities to regulate the number of off-street parking spaces built for new or converted residential buildings. As minimum parking requirements can have various negative impacts, they are controversially discussed and increasingly complemented or replaced by maximum requirements in several cities around the world. This paper evaluates the adequacy of residential minimum and maximum parking requirements in 12 mid-sized cities in Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. By calculating the number of required parking spaces and by comparing this required supply to the estimated parking demand, we evaluate the impacts and possible steering effects of parking standards. We base our estimations on a hypothetical scenario, in which all existing residential buildings comply with the requirements and use the number of registered cars as a proxy for residential parking demand.Our results reveal great differences between the cities’ parking standards. Some cities have minimum requirements, which would lead to a parking supply exceeding the current parking demand in large, mainly densely-populated and centrally located areas. These requirements would result in an oversupply of off-street parking at the place of residence of more than 50% of all residents, which in some areas would even exceed the parking demand by a factor of 2. In contrast to that, other cities have quite stringent requirements, which fall well below the current parking demand at the place of residence of 64 to 81% of all residents. Some of these restrictive cities complement their minimum parking requirements with additional measures by enforcing maximum requirements, limiting access to parking permits or reducing the overall parking capacity. Based on these findings, we discuss the adequacy of the parking requirements, their likely underlying objectives and their possible impacts on future urban development.

Activities of Daily Living Disability Transition Patterns in Older Adults with Chronic Diseases: A Four-Year Cohort Study in China.

Older adults with chronic diseases often experience higher rates of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) disability, with research primarily examining the transition between states of ADL disability and non-disability. The current study aims to analyze the patterns and factors of mutual transitions between multiple different ADL disability states in older adults with chronic diseases. This longitudinal study utilized data from the Shanghai Elderly Care Unified Needs Assessment (SECUNA) spanning 2014 to 2017, with 2014 being the baseline. The study included older adults aged 60 years and older with chronic diseases. Using the Markov model, individuals were classified into three states: no ADL disability, mild ADL disability, and severe ADL disability. Transition patterns were analyzed by calculating the frequency, intensity, and probability of transition, and the influencing factors of six transition scenarios were evaluated. Older adults with mild ADL disability were more likely to experience improvement (transition intensity: 0.4731) rather than deterioration (transition intensity: 0.2226) in their ADL disability states. However, those with severe ADL disability faced challenges in improving their states (transition intensities: 0.0068 and 0.1204). Among the six ADL disability transition scenarios, place of residence was associated with four scenarios, age and economic sources were associated with three scenarios, sex was associated with two scenarios, and other factors were associated with one scenario. The transition patterns and factors differ among individuals with varying ADL disability states. It is essential for relevant agencies to implement tailored preventive healthcare strategies to effectively manage the health status of older adults with chronic diseases.

РАДІАЦІЙНИЙ СТАН ЗОНИ ВІДЧУЖЕННЯ В 2023 РОЦІ ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ РАДІАЦІЙНО-ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ

The article presents results of radiation and environmental monitoring in the Exclusion Zone for the year 2023, after de-occupation of the territory, which was carried out in accordance with the current regulation of work, with the exception of objects on which it is temporarily impossible to carry out work due to the lack of safe access. In 2022, due to the full-scale invasion of russian federation, radiation monitoring of the environment was interrupted, monitoring of radiation-hazardous objects and environmental components of the Exclusion Zone was not carried out. Implementation of priority measures to restore the radiation and environmental monitoring system in the Exclusion Zone, after occupation by russian troops, made it possible to resume the work of the automated radiation monitoring system points, to create an additional network of measurement of gamma radiation indicators in the Exclusion Zone, to restore work of the central analytical laboratory and to restore the work of aspiration units. Thus, the enterprise resumed obtaining the necessary data on the dose rate of gamma radiation, information on the radiation state of the surface layer of the atmosphere, radiation state of surface and underground waters, radiation state of landscapes and places of residence of self-settlers. According to the results of radiation and environmental monitoring in the Exclusion Zone in 2023, important analytical data were obtained: - Maximum power values of the ambient dose equivalent of gamma radiation are characteristic of the territories in the northern and western 'traces' of radioactive fallout; - Radiation state of the Exclusion Zone air environment and its dynamics during 2023 were determined by the nature of surface contamination of the territory, man-made and biological factors, as well as meteorological conditions. Control levels exceeding by 2.5 times of 137Cs volumetric activity in the air was recorded in Chornobyl; - Surface waters remain an important route of radionuclide removal beyond the Exclusion Zone. Removal of 90Sr from Pripyat River in the area of Chornobyl in 2023 was at a level that was 2.4 times higher than the average value for the last 5 years; - As a result of observations of the radiation state of underground waters, it was determined that the average value of radionuclide contamination of eocene and cenomanian-lower cretaceous water-bearing complexes does not exceed 1 Bq/m3 for 137Cs and 5.7 Bq/m3 for 90Sr; - Monitoring results at landscape landfills indicate that the most contaminated component of the environment is the top layer of soil cover; - Radiation survey results of unauthorized residence places of the population in the Exclusion Zone showed that over the years there is an increase in the intake of 90Sr in the food products of 'self-settlers'.

Risky Sexual Behaviour and the Associated Factors Among Secondary School Youths in Khorixas, Namibia

Background: Like most African countries, Namibia has a large percentage of its population in the youthful age group, most of whom are in secondary school. In Namibia, the age of consent for sex is 16 years but, in most cases, children have their sexual debut way below the age of 16 years. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour and the associated factors among secondary school youths aged 15-21 years in the Khorixas district of the Kunene Region in Namibia. Methods: This was a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from 276 learners, selected from three public schools in the Khorixas district employing a cluster sampling technique. Information on demographics and factors associated with risky sexual behaviour was gathered. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software which included descriptive statistics generating frequencies and percentages. Results: The study revealed the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour among secondary school youths in Khorixas district, Kunene region of Namibia to be 78.9%. The risky sexual behaviour identified included multiple partners, nonuse of condoms and early sexual debut. Gender, place of residence, parental educational level, peer pressure, alcohol use/abuse, and watching pornographic content were some of the factors found to lead to risky sexual behaviour among the youths in this district of Namibia. Conclusion: Risky sexual behaviour is common in secondary schools in Khorixas district of Namibia. This sexual behaviour may follow these youngsters to adulthood and may significantly affect their social and reproductive life. Complications resulting from risky sexual behaviour among school youths include contracting STIs and HIV, getting unwanted/unplanned pregnancies and dropping out of school prematurely.

30 Years of Change: Declining Motor Fitness and Anthropometric Shifts in Polish University Students (1994-2024).

To assess changes in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of male and female Polish university students between 1994 and 2024. The first study was conducted in 1994 on 712 female and 495 male university students aged 19-25 years (19.94 ± 1.09), and the second study was conducted in 2024 on 323 female and 339 male university students aged 19-25 years (19.92 ± 1.08). The participants' body mass and height were measured, and the students participated in a modified version of Pilicz's test consisting of four motor ability tests. The changes in the students' performance over time were also analyzed in the context of their socioeconomic status (SES), including the place of permanent residence and the parents' education. The students' BMI values (as well as body mass and body height in female students) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in 2024 than in 1994. The male students examined in 1994 demonstrated significantly higher strength abilities in the medicine ball forward throw test. In turn, the females studied in 1994 received significantly better scores in motor ability tests, including the zig-zag run, 1-Minute Burpee Test, and the medicine ball forward throw (29.4 s, 22 cycles, 591.3 cm, respectively) than those examined in 2024 (30.1 s, 19.3 cycles, and 463.3 cm, respectively). The variations in the results were similar when the participants' SES was considered in the analysis, which suggests that these factors had no significant effect on the analyzed characteristics over time. This study revealed a greater decline in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of female than male university students over a period of 30 years. The observed changes were not influenced by SES factors such as the place of permanent residence or the parents' education.

Индивидуальные факторы атрибуции вины сторонними наблюдателями в ситуации насилия в отношении женщин

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective.&lt;/strong&gt; Analysis of the relationship between the individual psychological and sociodemographic characteristics of bystanders and their tendency to blame the victim. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background. &lt;/strong&gt;Despite the fact that the responsibility for violence always on the agressor, blaming the victim is still a common phenomenon. Currently, the factors of victim blaming are widely studied abroad, but there are contradictions in the obtained data. There is an insufficient amount of research in Russia, and existing research mainly concerns global factors, such as the role of the media. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design. &lt;/strong&gt;The study examined individual psychological and social-demographic characteristics of the groups of bystanders who choose different strategies of blame attribution in a situation of violence. According to the results of the author's questionnaire, respondents were divided into three groups: blaming the aggressor, blaming the victim and inconsistent in blaming. The groups were compared by self-attitude, empathy, basic beliefs, sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of various aspects of the problem of violence. The differences between the groups were verified through the comparative analysis. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants. &lt;/strong&gt;Russian sample, 91 people (38,5% of men, 61,5% of women) from 19 to 68 years old (&lt;em&gt;M&lt;/em&gt; = 32,3; &lt;em&gt;SD&lt;/em&gt; = 13,6). &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements. &lt;/strong&gt;Vignettes containing descriptions of violent situations and options for attributing blame to participants in the situations. Author's questionnaire for sociodemographic data and data about awareness of violence, personal experience related to this topic. Multidimensional questionnaire of self-attitude research by S.R. Panteleev, &amp;ldquo;Diagnostics of empathy level&amp;rdquo; by V.V. Boyko, Russian version of World assumptions scale by M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results. &lt;/strong&gt;We found significant differences between the groups according to the characteristics of self-attitude: the level of self-attachment in the group blaming the aggressor is significantly different from the level of self-attachment in other groups, the level of self-control in the group blaming the aggressor is significantly different from the level of self-control in the group blaming the victim. Significant differences in the level of believes in a just world between the group blaming the aggressor and other groups have been revealed. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of empathy. The groups considered differ significantly in assessing the significance of the problem of violence, awareness of the phenomenon of victim-blaming, the presence of the professional, volunteer or studying experience of interacting with a victim of violence, age and place of residence. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions. &lt;/strong&gt;Identify the Individual factors of victim blaming in the Russian sample. The more the respondent believes in the just world, the higher the level of self-attachment and self-control, the more likely he is to blame the victim. The following individual factors are associated with a lower probability of victim-blaming: assessment of the problem of violence as more significant, awareness of the existence of such a phenomenon as &amp;ldquo;victim-blaming&amp;rdquo;, the professional, volunteer or studying experience of interacting with a victim of violence, young age and living in a megalopolis.&lt;/p&gt;

Effectiveness of Radio Agricultural Programmes in Scaling Up Farming Activities of Smallholder Farmers in Bushenyi District

The study was about effectiveness of radio agricultural programmes in scaling up farming activities of smallholder farmers in Bushenyi district. The specific objective was to; determine the factors associated with radio listenership and application of the knowledge gained through agricultural radio messages. The study was a descriptive-cross sectional survey employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis. Data was gathered from a sample of 360 respondents across 18 listener groups of agricultural extension programs using questionnaire and interview guide. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concluded that that age bracket (39 – 48), radio ownership, place of residence, negative attitudes and perceptions, limited agricultural spaces, media exposure and investment capital were some of the factors associated with radio listenership and application of the knowledge gained through agricultural radio messages in the area. The study concluded that agricultural extension radio programmes have a wider coverage and have been so pertinent to smallholder farmer’s activities, however listenership and application of the knowledge gained through agricultural radio messages is still hampered by certain impediments that call for urgent address. This study therefore recommends that the programme should be changed to evening when most farmers are available in their houses. Radio producers and program hosts should do this through programme planning which informs the selection of topics, presentation of the topics on radio with interviews from selected experts and farmers.

Income and education disparities in childhood malnutrition: a multi-country decomposition analysis

IntroductionChildhood malnutrition is a complex issue with a range of contributing factors. The consequences of malnutrition are severe, particularly for children. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to inequality gaps in childhood malnutrition. Our study provides insights into modifiable elements to inform interventions targeted at distinct contexts and populations to improve child nutrition.MethodsThis study utilized data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 27 countries. First, the risk differences (RDs) between the prevalence of childhood malnutrition among the determinant variables, household income, and maternal education categories were calculated. The Blinder‒Oaxaca decomposition was subsequently used to determine the extent to which the difference in childhood malnutrition prevalence between low-income and high-income groups and maternal education levels results from the contributory effects of the explanatory variables: child and maternal individual-level compositional factors.ResultsWe examined data from 138,782 children in 27 countries from 2015 to 2020. The prevalence of childhood malnutrition (10.5%) varied across countries, ranging from 6.5% in Burundi to 29.5% in Timor Leste. On average, the prevalence of childhood malnutrition was 11.0% in low-income households and 10.7% among mothers without education. Some nations had pro-low-income (i.e., malnutrition concentrated among children from poor households) or pro-no-maternal education (i.e., malnutrition concentrated among children from mothers with no formal education) inequality in childhood malnutrition, but most did not. We found a complex interplay of compositional effects, such as the child’s age, maternal education, maternal health behavior, and place of residence, that influence the inequality in childhood malnutrition rates across 10 pro-low-income countries. In addition, we also found that a complex mix of compositional effects, such as the household wealth index, maternal health behavior, and maternal age, contribute to childhood malnutrition inequality between educated and uneducated mothers across the 7 pro-no maternal education countries.ConclusionThe prevalence of childhood malnutrition varies among low-income, high-income, and no maternal education-maternal education groups. This study highlights the need for a country-specific approach to addressing childhood malnutrition, with policies and interventions tailored to each country’s specific context.

The association between dietary knowledge based on the Chinese Dietary Guidelines and adherence to healthy dietary habits: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

Previous systematic review has shown that individuals with more comprehensive dietary knowledge tend to engage in healthier eating patterns among American or European population. However, research on the association between dietary knowledge based on the Chinese Dietary Guidelines and healthy dietary behaviors, particularly among adolescents and college students in China, is lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary knowledge based on the Chinese Dietary Guidelines and adherence to healthy dietary behaviors among adolescents and college students in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in China in August and October 2023. The study involved 527 adolescents and 11,856 college students. A convenience and cluster sampling methodology was employed to select one or two grades from 33 different university majors. The dietary behaviors of college students were evaluated by assessing their consumption of nine food groups: water, eggs, milk and milk products, vegetables, fruit, red meat, soy and soy products, seafood, and sugar-sweetened beverages. The dietary behaviors of adolescents were evaluated by assessing their consumption of five food groups: fast food, salty snack foods, fruits, vegetables, and soft drinks and sugared fruit beverages. The participants' dietary knowledge was assessed using the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. The relationship between dietary knowledge and behaviors was examined using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The questionnaire response rate was 100.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between dietary knowledge and the likelihood of exhibiting diverse dietary behaviors among college students. After adjusting for gender, age, family income, place of residence, and parents' education levels, the results demonstrated a positive association between dietary knowledge and adherence to 4-8 eating habits among college students. In contrast, similar association was not observed among adolescent. This study revealed a significant association between dietary knowledge based on the Guidelines and adherence to healthy dietary behaviors among college students in China. That is to say, the higher the level of dietary knowledge based on the Guidelines among college students, the healthier the dietary behaviors they tend to adopt in their daily lives. These findings indicate the necessity of developing educational interventions based on the Guidelines to enhance dietary knowledge among individuals with limited dietary knowledge. Such interventions could facilitate the acquisition of essential health-related knowledge and strengthen motivation to engage in healthy dietary behaviors. Future studies should employ longitudinal prospective designs or randomized controlled trials in order to establish a causal association between dietary knowledge based on the Guidelines and healthy dietary behaviors.

Urbanism, discourse and class in Amdo Tibet: analysis of five Tibetan fictions as ethnography

ABSTRACT This article examines how Tibetans in the cultural region of Amdo experienced urbanization as a social process when it began intensifying in the region in the early 2000s. By using five pieces of Tibetan fiction as ethnographic data, this article looks at the process of urbanization from the angle of class, analyzing the formation of the urban Tibetan class in relation to social spaces in cities, and its structural position in society. This article further explores the subjectivity of urban Tibetans through the discourse and quoted speech of characters in fiction. In doing so, the article demonstrates that urbanization is occurring as a social process, and Lishaypa, or government workers, react to urbanization intensively as a class. This results in a new social demarcation being established among Tibetans, one based on urban residence and in which urban residents place themselves above rural villagers.

Switching location—shifting mindset? The attitude towards female employment of East–West migrants in Germany

The strong migration of former East German residents to the western part of Germany opens a unique way to study the impact of migration modifying gender-related attitudes towards division of labor. While in West Germany more traditional gender attitudes have been prevailing for decades, the East pursued more progressive attitudes regarding the home and labor domain. However, attitudes of East-to-West migrants are mostly unknown. Thus, this article aims at providing a first analysis regarding differing attitudes between domestic migrants and non-movers. Data from the German General Social Surveys (GGSS/ALLBUS) from 1992, 2004, and 2016, including 2428, 2099, and 1486 participants, respectively, were used. Group differences between permanent residents from West Germany (West–West) and from East Germany (East–East) as well as East-to-West migrants were estimated. Pooled regressions were conducted to predict the attitudes towards female employment. East–West migrants’ respective attitudes differed from both of the other groups. However, they were more similar to the more traditional West–West group than the more progressive East–East group. Furthermore, East–West migrants who had lived longer in the West exhibited more traditional attitudes than those who had lived there <10 years. Further, the diversity of East-to-West migrants was acknowledged by observing the year of migration (before 1961, 1961–1989, after 1989) which showed that those who migrated before the erection of the Berlin Wall were more traditional. The finding that East–West migrants’ attitudes were more similar to their place of residence, while the duration of residence was positively associated with the traditional attitude towards female employment prevalent in the West, gives impetus to further research attitudes of domestic migrants. Future research should test whether a selection effect or assimilation cause East–West migrants’ attitudes to resemble their society of residence.

Adherence to IMCI guidelines for key symptoms in Ethiopian children: A 2021-2022 national service provision survey.

The Health Services Provision Assessment in Ethiopia (SPA-ET) is a survey that generates data on the availability and quality of health services in Ethiopia. Despite the presence of integrated management of childhood illness guidelines in healthcare settings, there has been inadequate exploration or assessment of how effectively and consistently health professionals follow the guidelines. This study aims to identify factors influencing healthcare worker adherence to the integrated management of childhood illness guidelines to identify spatial clusters. The data for this study were gathered from the Service Provision Assessment (SPA) survey in Ethiopia, which was conducted nationwide from August 11, 2021, to February 4, 2022. It included a total of 788 health professionals who assessed sick children experiencing at least one of the three main childhood illness symptoms: fever, cough, or diarrhea. We employed STATA version 16 for data analysis, utilizing cross-tabulations to explore relationships between variables and logistic regression modeling to identify factors influencing adherence. To account for the hierarchical structure of the health survey data, we employed multilevel logistic regression. Model selection was based on comparison parameters including the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We computed adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and statistical significance was determined at a significance level of p < 0.05. The rate of adherence to the integrated management of childhood illness guideline was 33% (95% CI: 29.70%, 36.26%). The analysis revealed several factors influencing adherence to IMCI protocols. child's age (being ≥24 months) [aOR = 0.66, 95% CI: (0.45, 0.87)], facility type (health center) [aOR = 2.61, 95% CI: (1.84, 3.37)], place of residency (being rural) [aOR = 0.54, 95% CI: (0.38, 0.77)], and care provider's qualification (health officer) [aOR = 1.71, 95% CI: (1.18, 2.48)] were all statistically significant. Moreover, the primary cluster is situated in the west Oromia region, with a central focus at coordinates (7.982108 N, 36.203355 E) and extends to a radius of 78.28 km. This study confirms a low adherence rate (33%) among health professionals in Ethiopia to the IMCI guideline for assessing the three main symptoms of sick children. The study identified child's age, facility type, academic qualification, and place of residence as crucial factors correlated with adherence rate. Furthermore, 5 secondary clusters (hotspot areas) were identified using SaTScan software. To address the higher protocol refusal, interventional plan needs to be based on academic qualification of care provider, facility type, age of child and place of residency. Moreover, interventions to reduce non-adherence to IMCI guidelines should be location-tailored based on identified hotspot areas to restore guidelines adherence equality.

El poblamiento del Alto Guadalete durante el sultanato Nazarí

The results of the Documentary and Graphic Study accomplished in the Rivera del Gaidovar, in the municipalities of Grazalema (Cádiz) and Montecorto (Málaga) and by extension the data obtained with the works development in the headwaters of the Guadalete, are presented. This work is part of a larger project that extended to all sites of medieval chronology in the Sierra de Cádiz, although with occasional extension to Málaga for obvious geographical reasons, although in the malacitana area only the sites already known were visited. The results show a weak Andalusian presence in this area until the formation of the Granada Nasrid sultanate, when a population explosion occurred, most likely due to emigration caused by the push of the Christian kingdoms, particularly Castilla, for the sector in question. The settlement is characterized by an intense fortification of residence places and its connection with irrigated perimeters or works of hydraulic engineering that can be traced back, with the appropriate precautions, to medieval times.

Stablecoins for Transferring Value in the Cryptocurrency Market

Stablecoins have gained prominence as an effective means to mitigate the inherent volatility in the cryptocurrency markets by providing a stable and reliable medium for value preservation and transfer. This research paper investigates the attributes that render stablecoins a preferable vehicle for value retention and transaction within these markets. By employing a quantitative methodology, this study collected data through surveys, with a sample size of 714 individuals chosen via purposive sampling techniques. To analyze the data, both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied. The demographic profiles of the sample were summarized using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. For examining the relationships between demographic factors (such as gender, age, education, income, and place of residence) and the perceived efficacy of stablecoins, inferential techniques including Chi-square tests and logistic regression were utilized. The logistic regression analysis specifically assessed how these variables influenced the likelihood of participants favoring stablecoins for financial transactions. The results indicate that the preference for stablecoins as a means of holding or transferring value within the cryptocurrency domain in Thailand varies significantly across different demographic groups, specifically influenced by factors such as gender, education, income, and place of residence. These outcomes provide insightful implications concerning the demographic influences on the adoption and utilization of stablecoins in financial activities. Keywords: stablecoin, holding, transferring, value, cryptocurrency market

Beyond Permanent Residences: Measuring Place Attachment in Tempo-Local Housing Arrangements

Current societal shifts, including increased mobility, advances in information technologies, and diverse lifestyles, are driving postmodern housing arrangements that prioritize mobility and flexibility. The traditional view of housing as fixed and stable is evolving to encompass temporary forms, including multi-locality, which are often underestimated due to measurement challenges. Recognizing and integrating the potential of transient populations into urban societies is crucial to enhancing community cohesion and reducing social fragmentation. Therefore, the development of rootedness, emotional connection, and spatial identity should be analyzed in the context of temporary housing practices. Data collected through a representative survey in two major German urban regions in 2023 enable the validation of a four-dimensional place attachment scale, which includes the dimensions of place identity, place dependence, ambient bonding, and social bonding. Each dimension includes distinct elements of place-making constructions. The classification of four tempo-local housing types serves as the foundation for measuring how the temporal and spatial structure of housing arrangements influences emotional attachment to one’s place of residence. Interestingly, spatial mobility, when paired with temporal stability in each location, can cultivate deep connections, revealing an often-overlooked potential within this group. The results emphasize the significance of incorporating spatio-temporal dimensions of housing to foster inclusive, comprehensive, and diverse urban development.

APPLICATION OF COMPUTERISED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH STROKE CONSEQUENCES

A stroke is a sudden onset of focal or generalized impairment of brain function due to vascular causes only, which is related to cerebral blood flow and lasts for more than 24 hours. Cerebral stroke remains the second leading cause of death and the third most significant cause of disability in the world. Over the past 30 years, the absolute number of cases of this disease has increased by 70%, the prevalence by 85%, with a 43% increase in mortality rates. According to the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) analysis, in 2019, there were about 12.2 million stroke cases, 143 million disability-adjusted life years and 6.6 million deaths worldwide, 86% of which occurred in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Purpose to analyse and systematise the use of computerised technologies in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke consequences. Materials and methods. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers analysed scientific literature and systematised information using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and others. Research results. Traditional methods have proven their effectiveness and are widely used in the practice of rehabilitating patients after stroke. However, with the development of science and technology, there is a need to find new approaches to therapy that can provide a more comprehensive and effective treatment of this pathology. Today, computerized technologies deserve special attention in the rehabilitation of patients after stroke, namely robotic systems, specially designed video games and virtual reality, and TV rehabilitation. Robotic systems are devices that automate various tasks and processes. They can be programmed to perform certain functions with high accuracy and repeatability. In rehabilitation, such systems help to restore motor functions, support physical activity, and facilitate recovery from injuries or illnesses, including stroke. Video games and virtual reality technologies are examples of exciting and fun rehabilitation for stroke patients. Traditional therapies can be complex and tedious to repeat, making it less likely that patients will do them at home. Physical therapists are finding that video games are more engaging and easier to incorporate into home treatment regimens. Tele-rehabilitation after stroke is a form of remote medical care that allows patients to receive rehabilitation services via the Internet or other telecommunication technologies. This provides access to the necessary therapy regardless of the patient's place of residence. Conclusions. Computerized technology significantly improves the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. Robotic systems provide high precision and control during movements, which avoids incorrect exercise and reduces the risk of re-injury, regularity of training, and patient comfort. In addition, many robotic systems have built-in sensors that allow you to track the patient's progress and provide feedback to both the patient and the doctor. This helps to adjust the rehabilitation programme according to the patient's needs. The use of video games and virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation offers numerous benefits, including increased motivation, improved motor and cognitive function, psychological support, and social interaction. Tele-rehabilitation after stroke is an innovative approach to patient recovery, providing access to rehabilitation services regardless of where they live.