Place For Disposal Research Articles

Value for money of reusable versus disposable ophthalmic instruments for intravitreal injections

aim: The aim of this study was to follow the instruments’ pathways and cost each segment to calculate whether reusable or disposable ophthalmic instruments offer better value for money for intravitreal injections. methods: The cycles and costs of reusable and single-use disposable instruments used for intravitreal injections were mapped out, including purchase costs, transport to and from the place of use, opening and disposal, sterilisation, replacement, salary costs of staff involved, etc. results: The cost of using reusable instruments for intravitreal injections (NZ$29.00) was lower than the cost of using disposable instruments ($30.51) by $1.51 per patient. conclusions: Intravitreal injections performed with reusable instruments offer better value for money than when performed with disposable instruments. This equates to a beneficial financial saving just for this one low-complexity case. Such savings can multiply significantly when considering the instruments used in a wider variety of ophthalmic procedures. There are of course trade-offs between safety, quality, cost and sustainability.

TECHNIQUE OF LAND RECULTIVATION OF PLACES OF AMMUNITION DISPOSAL AND DESTRUCTION

The relevance of the research and the need to develop methods that allow restoring the lands of the ammunition disposal and destruction sites during the application of measures for their recultivation are shown. The criteria for evaluating the safety level of the process of recultivation of the lands of the ammunition disposal and destruction sites based on the use of a regulatory approach and significant indicators were determined, namely: the probability of an explosion, the amount of excessive pressure in the air shock wave, and the level of degradation of the lands of the ammunition disposal and destruction sites. For the first time the technique of land recultivation of places of ammunition disposal and destruction was developed. It includes three stages: Stage 1 – monitoring of land of places of ammunition disposal and destruction based on unmanned aviation monitoring system; Stage 2 – demining of land of ammunition disposal and destruction by specialized pyrotechnic units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine using the results of the monitoring conducted at Stage 1; Stage 3 – biological treatment of land of the ammunition disposal and destruction using the phytoremediation method.

Anthrapyrazolone functionalized Oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylates based fluorescent polymeric hydrogel for selective detection of Tetracycline drug

Tetracycline (TC) antibiotics are essential for treating bacterial infections; however, overuse and improper disposal place the environment in danger and promote the growth of drug-resistant microorganisms. Monitoring their impact on living organisms is vital. Polymeric-based hydrogels offer promise in antibiotic detection due to their versatility and biocompatibility, despite their uncommon use for this purpose. In this study, we have synthesized a fluorescent polymeric hydrogel, P(OEGMA-co-DIMA) utilizing oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylates (OEGMA) and laboratory-synthesized fluorescent anthrapyrazolone containing monomer, 2-(benzo[1,2,3-cd:4,5,6-c’d]bis(indazole)-2(7H)-yl)ethyl methacrylate (DIMA) for the fluorometric detection of TC in the aqueous medium. The P(OEGMA-co-DIMA) hydrogel exhibited exceptional affinity towards TC while exhibiting high selectivity. The chemosensing behavior of the hydrogel was also compared with the DIMA monomer. Upon adding TC, emission analysis revealed a notable quenching in the emission intensity of the P(OEGMA-co-DIMA) hydrogel as well as the DIMA monomer. The Stern Volmer rate constants (Ksv) of the hydrogel (Ksv = 9.99 x 103 M−1) in water and DIMA (Ksv = 25.63 x 103 M−1) in acetonitrile showed a higher quenching rate constant with a limit of detections (LODs) of 1.3 nM and 0.11 nM. Turn-off fluorescence behavior occurs via a static quenching mechanism through a photoinduced electron transfer process and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. To validate the selectivity, the interference analyses in an aqueous medium with different antibiotics are provided. To rationalize the real-time applicability of the hydrogel, studies were extended to water samples obtained from deionized water, tap water, lake water, and also in milk samples. The recovery rate and LOD for real samples ranged from 83.8% to 111% and 0.83 to 3.6 nM, respectively.

Analisis Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat Di Rumah Sakit Cinere Depok Tahun 2022 Berdasarkan Kepmenkes Nomor 1204/MENKES/SK/X/2004

A health facility is a meeting place for people who are affected by disease and who provide health services, as well as for people and their surroundings. Therefore, it can spread disease if the hospital environment conditions are inappropriate; one that is generated from the hospital is waste. The objective of this study is to be able to find out the analysis of the management of solid medical waste at the Puri Cinere Depok Hospital in 2022. The results of the research on solid medical wastes have been carried out in accordance with the operational standards contained in the Sanitation Hospital according to Kemenkes No. 1204/MENKES/SK/X/2004. The purpose of the clearance is to make disposal and destruction easier so that there are no mistakes in the final process. The collection of waste from the hospital to the B3 temporary storage facility is carried out so that the waste is properly sorted before being placed in the temporary shelter so that it can be disposed of and handled properly in the final process. The disposal used for the disposal of waste at the temporary disposal site is good because it has already carried out the sorting well and adjusted the operational standards for the containers used. The transportation carried out by Cinere Depok Puri Hospital has been in accordance with the procedures established by the government, as the transportation is carried out by Oxularry officers with self-protection equipment provided for safety in transportation, either from the room to the storage site or from the warehouse to the final disposal site. The collection to the final disposal site from the temporary storage site is sufficiently good, as it is sorted and weighed before being taken to the last disposal place. The final disposal or disposal of waste is already working together with PT. Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri (PPLi) because it does not have an inquirer and land for disposal, so the Hospital Puri Cinere Depok uses a third party that has been authorized and certified, but for wastewater management, it has been assured that it can be itself because it already has the equipment.

STUDI KUALITAS AIR PARAMETER FISIKA DAN KIMIA DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI SESAYAP KABUPATEN TANA TIDUNG

The diversity of human activities along the river causes pollution to the river is increasing, one of which is domestic waste disposal. A river is a place of waste disposal from various land activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of water quality from the physical and chemical parameters in the Sesayap River, Tana Tidung Regency. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the condition of river water quality in the Tideng Pale Village is temperature ranged between 25-32 oC, salinity 7-15 ppt, turbidity 1.15-4.43 mg/L, water transparency 95-125 mg/L, pH 7.2- 7.7, phosphate 0.006-0.063 mg/L, ammonia 0.038-0.449 mg/L, nitrate 0.22 to 0.28 mg/L, DO 3.10-4.52 mg/L, BOD 1.12-2.17 mg/L. River water quality in the Sesayap Village is temperature ranged between 20-30 oC, salinity 8-15 ppt, turbidity 1.99-3.75 NTU, water transparency 100-135 cm, pH 6.2-7.4, phosphate 0.025-0.038 mg/L, ammonia 0.063-0.409 mg/L, nitrates 0.23-0.26 mg/L, DO 3.25-4.57 mg/L, BOD 1.23-2.23 mg/L, whereas river water quality in Bebatu Village the temperature parameters range from 22-36 oC, salinity 10-25 ppt, turbidity 2.13-4.19 NTU, water transparency 110-130 cm, pH 6-7.8, phosphate 0.010 to 0.30 mg/L, ammonia 0.065-0.525 mg/L, nitrates 0.26-0.30 mg/L, DO 3.10-4.60 mg/L, BOD 1.17-2.23 mg/L. The conclusion of this study is that the condition of water quality is still relatively good.

Health Impact of Household Waste Burning in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Waste disposal and management is a global concern affecting both high- and low-income countries. This research assessed the health impact of burning household waste in Khartoum State, Sudan. An online community-based cross-sectional study was implemented on a sample of 844 participants selected through a stratified random sampling technique across Khartoum State. The data were collected through a standardized pre tested online questionnaire. The data file was georeferenced through Google Earth Pro and analysed with SPSS 23 and ArcGIS 10.3. The data were summarized numerically and graphically. The appropriate frequency tables were used in ArcGIS to generate geographical distribution maps of household waste burning and predictive health risk maps of waste burning in Khartoum State. Statistical tests performed for association carried out were Chi-square and ANOVA. A binary regression analysis established the relationship between burning of household waste and its associated factors. All statistical tests were considered significant when p < 0.05. The practice of burning household waste was performed by 74.5% (619/831) of the participants with 50.8% (311/612) who reported burning the waste weekly. The health conditions related to household waste burning were predominately asthma (57.0%) and respiratory manifestations (38.0%). Of the ten contributing factors of health risks related to burning household waste, the two statistically significant were the frequency of waste collection (OR = 0.720, 95% [CI: 0.593-0.875], p = 0.001) and the place of waste disposal (OR = 0.791, 95% [CI: 0.651-0.961], p = 0.018). The practice of burning household waste in Khartoum State was a public health concern. Sociodemographic and managerial factors exposing residents to health risks appeal political, health authorities and communities to establish a partnership to manage household waste for public safety and good quality of life.

THE OPENNESS OF ACCESS AND BEHAVIOR OF DISPOSING OF GARBAGE ON THE RIVERBANKS

The people of Loji village have limited access to the riverbanks which makes them a place to live rubbish. The purpose of this study is to show what kind of behavior and access the village community Loji behaved to throw garbage on the riverbank. The method used is interview and observation. The results of this study found that the open access factor makes people feel now the riverbanks have become common property and are used together to be used as a place of waste disposal. The concepts of access and rational choice are used because they can explain the behavior of residents to dispose of waste that pollutes and damages the environment.

The Nigeria’s drainage challenges: An opinion paper on the in-street waste water and its environmental consequences

The drainage system is more than a building saving venture, but of life and environment. Inadequacy of drainage system characterised every nook and cranny of major parts in Nigeria, including the Federal Capital Territory, though, it is more pronounced in slums, rural and suburban areas, which accommodate the larger populace. Lack/Inadequacy of drainage system has resulted into improper disposal of greywater, as drainage system is designed to convey waste water to safer place for proper disposal are not available. The consequence of this is seen in a stream of household greywater flow out of the house to the main street. The sight of pipe conveying greywater from bathroom and laundry is a common view in most part of Nigeria, especially in a suburban area, where there is a high dense population. Different severe environmental consequences have resulted from this act, which might be a threat to public health. Also, the practice can also act as a precursor to other ailments in the society. Therefore, there is a need to create awareness on the negative impact of indiscrimate discharge of waste water on the environment. Hence, this paper seeks to review the improper greywater discharge on the street and its possible environmental consequences.

KARAKTERISTIK PRODUK BIOGAS DARI BERBAGAI JENIS LIMBAH SAYUR SAWI

Market waste in the form of vegetables is an organic material that is of concern considering that this waste is increasing every day and it is increasingly difficult to find a place for disposal and reduces the aesthetic beauty of the city (Giska, 2017). The type of mustard greens waste is an organic material that has the potential to be used as raw material for biogas. This study aims to determine the effect of different variations of mustard vegetable waste and cow dung on the biogas produced. The variation used was a mixture of cow manure with green mustard, chicory and meat mustard with successive ratios of 7:1, 5:1, 4:1. The mixture of ingredients is put into a simple airtight bioreactor and then carried out the fermentation process stage for 15 days. Then check the temperature and volume of gas produced every day and check the final pH. From the results of the study it was found that mustard greens obtained a higher gas volume on the 7th day, which was 690 mL compared to chicory and green mustard, which respectively produced a gas volume of 475 mL and 380 mL on the 8th day.&#x0D;

Seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of small ruminant brucellosis in the semi–arid region of India

Objective: To study the occurrence of brucellosis in small ruminants in a district of Southern India. Methods: A total of 425 serum samples (215 sheep and 210 goats) were collected from January to March 2022 using a multistage sampling method. The serum samples were subjected to three serological tests that were employed in this study, namely RBPT (Rose Bengal Plate Test), STAT (Standard Tube Agglutination Test), and I-ELISA. The risk factors were determined by collecting data through a questionnaire and establishing correlations between the responses and seropositivity within a specific flock. Result: Among the 425 samples collected, 91 samples (21.4%) were positive by RBPT, 124 samples (29.2%) by STAT and 156 samples (36.7%) by I-ELISA in sheep and goats. Sheep showed higher seropositivity in all three tests than goats. Analysis of multivariable logistic regression showed that age (&gt;3 vs.&lt;3 years; OR: 2.262, 95% CI: 1.414–3.618), abortion history (yes vs. no; OR: 1.837; 95% CI: 1.098–3.071), vaginal discharges (yes vs. no; OR: 2.334; 95% CI: 1.421–3.835), the migratory herd (yes vs. no; OR: 2.197; 95% CI: 1.369–3.527), and place of disposal of the foetus (yes vs. no; OR: 2.093; 95% CI: 1.320–3.318) were significant risk factors of brucellosis. Conclusions: Livestock owners and consumers of sheep and goats should be educated about brucellosis and prevention strategies to mitigate its uncontrolled spread and lower the potential threat of human brucellosis. Choosing the right rearing practices, enhancing husbandry procedures, changing farmer's perspectives on brucellosis, and inclusion of small ruminants in brucellosis control programs are all key management approaches that can aid in the prevention and control of Brucella infection in small ruminants.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN HASIL TANGKAPAN JARING INSANG DI SUNGAI BATANG TEBO DESA BUNGKAL KECAMATAN TEBO TENGAH KABUPATEN TEBO

One of the largest tributaries in the Batanghari area is the Batang Tebo River which passes through Bungkal Village. Currently, the Batang Tebo River is a place for waste disposal, garbage, oil spills, and even the biggest illegal gold mining (PETI). This resulted in a drastic decrease in fishermen in Batang Tebo waters using gill nets. The purpose of the study was to determine the structure of the fish community in Batang Tebo from the catch when using gill nets. This research was started on April 18, 2022 - May 31, 2022, and is located on the Batang Tebo River, Bungkal Village, Tebo Regency. The researcher thus causes the survey method and random sampling as the data collection. Collection of data from this research activity included the structure of the community caught by fishermen using gill nets. The catch data includes fish size, fish weight, total fish weight, and the fish species. The supporting data collect environmental parameters (temperature, pH, current speed, brightness). The number of fish catches produced during the research activity reached 292, with the composition of the catch consisting of 5 species, namely: Baung Fish (Hemibagrus Menerus), Sand Lambak Fish (Labiobarbus Festivus), Lais Fish (Cryptopterus Sp), Kapiat Fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldi), Juaro Fish (Pangasius polyuranodon). The highest catch was Baung fish many as 89 fish lowe catch was Juaro fish as many as 17 dominant index was 0.23. Community structure of fish caught by Baung Fish, Flat Lambak Fish, Lais Fish, Kapiat Fish, and Juaro Fish. Community structure of fish caught by Baung Fish, Flat Lambak Fish, Lais Fish, Kapiat Fish, juror fish. With diversity with medium, uniformity with (high), on dominance with (low), there are fish that dominate in the catch and are also supported by environmental parameters in the form of temperature, pH, brightness, and speed of current.

Disrespectful or socially acceptable? – A nordic case study of cemeteries as recreational landscapes

Across Scandinavia, we witness an increased interest in making provisions for urban cemeteries to evolve as recreational landscapes. However, this development comes with its own set of challenges when uniting its primary function as a place for disposal of human remains with active and passive urban recreation. In this paper, we explore varying perspectives on recreational use of cemeteries to give a nuanced picture of the possibilities and limitations for recreation at cemeteries in a multicultural society, most often positioned within a context of densifying urban areas. The empirical data consists of interviews with cemetery users (N = 24) from various faiths and belief systems in three towns in Norway and Sweden. Findings reveal that passive recreational activities like strolling, having a cup of coffee on a bench in the cemetery etc. are in general perceived as acceptable behaviour. However, opinions differ on ‘active’ undertakings like running, biking and walking a dog. How people perceive or use cemeteries is partly dependent on beliefs and cultural traditions, but other factors such as the purpose of using the cemetery for recreation and the type or character of the cemetery also impact the extent to which activities are perceived as appropriate or not. Respect and intensity are two key aspects that emerged in our analysis. The study concludes that the existing peaceful atmosphere at cemeteries should be preserved and nurtured. With correct design and zoning, some recreational activities can be integrated at cemeteries, benefiting both mourners and recreational visitors.

Perbaikan Instalasi Pipa Saluran Distribusi Air dan MCK Di Desa Takofi

Takofi Village is one of the sub-districts in Moti District. It has an area of 111.39 Km² and is divided into 6 RTs. Because this village is located on the coast, access to clean water and toilet facilities is minimal and unsupportive in terms of health. PKM 2022 activities carried out by the mechanical engineering study program at the Khairun University Faculty of Engineering, one of which is the repair of water distribution pipe installations and toilets, where the current condition of MCK in Takofi village is still inadequate. As for the implementation of repairs to the structure of water distribution channel pipes and toilets, repairs to the installation of water distribution channel pipes and toilets are carried out as well as advice on how to utilize clean water supply and be able to provide a place for waste disposal from toilets so as not to pollute the water, air, and soil in the Takofi village neighborhood. The results of the identification of problems in the implementation of this activity include; a lack of knowledge about the behavior of using MCK, Lack of knowledge about the use of clean water, damage to MCK distribution channel pipes, and improper arrangement of pipe installations, resulting in the malfunction of the water distribution network in MCK..Keywors; Pipeline Installation, Clean Water, MCK, Takofi Village

Ecological Evaluation of the territory contaminated by organic waste from cattle farms

Every year the problem of disposal and utilization of waste from livestock complexes is becoming more and more severe. Organic waste can significantly harm the environment if it is not properly treated and stored. Without proper processing of organic waste, they are objects of increased concentrations of pollutants, as well as a favorable environment for pathogenic organisms. Most of the participants of the livestock market pay little attention to this issue, economizing on places of disposal and utilization of organic and other wastes associated with livestock farms, as a result, in places of waste discharge contamination of soil resources, groundwater and located near water bodies occurs. To minimize the damage from such violations, it is necessary to monitor the surrounding areas of livestock farms. In this work an environmental assessment of the territories adjacent to the livestock farms located in Kaliningrad region was carried out.

Constraints and current practices of menstrual hygiene among Rohingya adolescent girls

BackgroundAlthough half of Rohingya refugees are women and adolescent girls, the sexual and reproductive health issues of these vulnerable groups are still unexplored. The aim of this study was to review and describe menstrual hygiene management (MHM) along with the existing challenges of MHM among Rohingya adolescent girls. MethodsThis concurrent mixed methods study was conducted among adolescents aged 13–18 years living in Kutupalong refugee camps in Ukhiya, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Camp-based surveys along with focus group discussions were performed for data collection. The findings of a total of 12 FGDs and 101 survey responses were included for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis, and thematic analysis was considered for the qualitative data. Observation and resultsApproximately one-fourth of the adolescent girls (28.71%) had premenstrual knowledge. Only 8% had “Good” knowledge, and 12% had a basic understanding. Half of the women used cloths during menstruation, while others (20.79%) used homemade clean pads, disposable sanitary pads (17.82%), and used only underwear without absorbance (10.89%). The frequency of changing sanitary pads varied, but the majority of respondents (48.51%) changed padding at least once daily. Common disposal places were inside the toilet (30.69%), open spaces (17.82%), dustbins (6.93%) and water sources (3.96%). An inadequate and irregular supply of sanitary napkins or absorbents leads to poor MH practices. Limited cleaning and disposal facilities, lack of privacy in camps or informal settlements, confined and crowded places and nonsupportive environments in the camp were also factors affecting the use of pads and disposal. Family and cultural beliefs, stigma, restrictions, and fear of sexual violence were also noted within typical day-to-day activities during menstruation. ConclusionsThe provision of adolescent-friendly wash facilities, appropriate information and adequate menstrual supplies is needed to improve the MH response in an emergency context. Despite some limitations, this study could lead to future changes relative to MH for women and adolescents in Rohingya.

Community empowerment of waste management in the urban environment: More attention on waste issues through formal and informal educations

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESIndonesia's economic growth is estimated to be driven by high levels of consumption which lead to large amounts of waste. Education is required to raise environmental awareness among the population as it is one of the ways to overcome the waste issue, especially in urban areas, which are the engines of economic growth. This study aims to determine whether the higher levels of education have a greater impact on citizens regarding environmental concerns such as littering.METHODS The study took logistics regression on the primary data survey from 7 cities (Jakarta, Jambi, Muaro Jambi, Ambon, Padang, Surabaya, and Tasikmalaya) in Indonesia during 2019-2021. The survey includes 563 observations on the household level, involving a total of 2,349 respondents. The logistic regression predicts the likelihood of urban citizens to litter, given their socio-economic backgrounds and existing littering behavior and environmental awareness.FINDINGSThis study found that education did not affect decreasing the value of littering behavior as expected since it is estimated that an increase of 1 year in school will increase the probability of littering by 0.0189. Formal education is not enough to decrease the probability of littering behavior on the individual level. In contrast, informal education taught on keeping a clean environment matters is better than conventional formal education. Besides that, having self-initiative on environmental caring and good habits from childhood will decrease the probability of littering on an individual level. An individual has a self-initiative, the probability of littering will be 0.1732 times lower than those who do not have self-initiative. This study also found that per capita income and per capita expenditure in big cities in Indonesia ranged between USD 156,903 and USD 116,857. These economic factors affect the behavior of citizens not to litter. The per capita expenditure increasing by USD 1 per person per day will decrease the probability of littering by -0.0468. However, these factors are not enough to minimize the littering behavior since the disposal place availability becomes another keys factor in decreasing littering behavior on urban citizens.CONCLUSION The government should also focus on building citizens' behavior regarding waste management awareness especially building good habits since childhood and individual initiative, simultaneously implementing the programs to reduce waste production.

Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Program Diet Plastik di DKI Jakarta Sebagai Upaya Penyelamatan Ekosistem Laut

The sea is considered a waste disposal place because of its large volume of water and the ability to dilute all kinds of foreign substances. The community has ignored marine pollution for many years and gradually causes pollution effects from waste disposal. More and more waste is being dumped into the sea and has a high concentration. If waste disposal into the sea is carried out sustainably, it is feared that it will cause global impacts from marine pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine student perceptions of the plastic diet program as an effort to save marine ecosystems. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with the distribution of questionnaires, with respondents being a student in DKI Jakarta. From the research results obtained from 31 samples, the perception of students studying in DKI Jakarta towards the plastic diet as an effort to save the marine ecosystem is very positive and supports the movement. This finding is evidenced by the student's knowledge of the importance of maintaining marine ecosystems, the dangers of plastic waste, and efforts to make the plastic diet program successful in DKI Jakarta.

THE UTILIZATION OF GEO VISUALIZA THE UTILIZATION OF GEO VISUALIZATION TO DETERMINE THE FINAL WASTE DISPOSAL LOCATIONS IN BANYUMAS REGENCY

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; The increasing population in Banyumas Regency has consequently impacted on the increasing amount of waste to manage. The old final waste disposal places are no longer capable to hold the amount of waste produced by the people of Banyumas Regency. Thus, Banyumas Regency has recently been in the emergency state dealing with its waste management. Banyumas Regency requires new final waste disposal locations since the old ones are no longer feasible. Thus, it is required to find new final waste disposal locations. This research employed a descriptive method with a spatial approach. The geographic information system (GIS) was performed to determine the final waste disposal locations by using the weighing and scoring method followed with the overlay maps. Those maps included the administrative map, river map, land-use map, waste-risk area map, flood-prone-area, landslide-prone area, earthquake-prone-area, fault map, slope map, rainfall map, and population density map. The results of this research show that the alternative final waste disposal locations in Banyumas Regency are best located in Kalibagor district covering the areas of Srowot, Kalisorga Wetan, Petir, and Pajerukan Village; while in Purwojati district covering the area of Purwojati and Karangtalun Kidul Village.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: spatial analysis, Final Waste Disposal, waste

Experience in radiological risk assessment of a surface waste disposal facility in Chişinău, Moldova

The long-term condition and potential radiological consequences of legacy radioactive waste stored in a RADON-type of near-surface disposal facility outside the city of Chişinău is of concern to the central government and health protection authorities of the Republic of Moldova. A ‘zero alternative scenario’ risk assessment has been undertaken in order to evaluate the potential radiological impact on humans and the environment of the facility, were it to be left in its current state with no remediation. The results have been used as a basis for regulatory decision making regarding remediation and decommissioning of the legacy radioactive waste facility. The aim of this study was two-fold: first to demonstrate a complete radiological risk assessment of a real site using a combination of methodologies developed by the IAEA (ISAM and BIOMASS), the second to illustrate the current state-of-the-art in respect of extracting site-specific information from site-descriptive material. We illustrate the practicality of employing geographic information systems techniques on site-specific topographic data to identify relevant biosphere dose objects, thereby allowing customisation of the generic ISAM model framework to site-specific conditions. As a result, a simple method is suggested to bound activity concentrations in well water based on an understanding of water balance in the local catchment area in which the biosphere dose object is embedded. With conservative assumptions, estimated doses from the calculation cases of the design scenario remain lower than the IAEA’s dose criteria and environmental screening values. However, the results also indicate that human intrusion activities after the institutional control period could lead to radiological exposures above the IAEA’s criteria for a period up to 100 000 years. The long-lived radionuclide 239Pu dominates doses for the on-site residence scenario. Remediation measures should be implemented were the waste to remain at its present place of disposal.

SUSTAINABILITAS DALAM PERKEMBANGAN PERMUKIMAN NELAYAN DI KELURAHAN TAMBAK WEDI, SURABAYA

The development of coastal settlements in Indonesia are commonly less advanced rather than urban settlements. One of the cases is fisher settlements in Tambak Wedi village, Surabaya, where many problems occur such as poverty; the low quality of human resources; unmaintained sanitation; unoptimized utilization of natural resources; and so on. This research is aimed to assess the sustainability in development of the fisher village, and furthermore to propose some solutions. This research utilized descriptive, evaluative and development method involving the 3 aspects of Sustainability and the 17 points of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) as indicators of assessment. Economic and environment aspects were emphasized more in the evaluation since the urgency of the issues. It was found out that fishing economy in the village is lack of supporting facilities to sustain the livelihood pattern. The coastal environment is full of trashes from local houses and urban wastes which are furthermore causing diseases and pandemic. The economy of local people which depends mainly on fishing activity should be supported by availability of local markets to simplify selling their products. The coastal environment surrounding the village should be neutralized from wastes by availability of trash bins spread out across the settlements area as well as the availability of the main disposal places. It also needs to educate the local people to maintain their own environment to promote their healthy condition. Meanwhile, social life in the village needs some recreative public space to sustain their social interaction.