Pivotal Shift Research Articles

Utilization Pattern of Information and Communication Technologies among the Farming Community of West Bengal

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) represent a pivotal paradigm shift, rendering agricultural extension services more realistic and efficient manner, especially in the ever-changing agrarian landscape. Considering the importance of ICTs among rural producers, a study was conducted in the year 2021 to delineate the utilization pattern of ICTs in two purposively selected districts of West Bengal, one representing an agriculturally prosperous district (Purba Burdwan), while other being a backward district (Birbhum), constituting randomly selected 160 respondents engaged in crop and dairy farming. The information about weather forecasting for crop production and dairy animal management was the most utilized information by Purba Burdwan farmers, contrasting to Birbhum farmers’ focus on marketing of crop produce and breeding of animals. Television and smartphones were the most preferred ICT tools. Multiple comparisons by Duncan Multiple Range Test revealed a notable disparity in ICT usage between the districts, with Purba Burdwan farmers exhibiting higher utilization levels. Additionally, the study identified strategic pathways to enhance ICT adoption, especially in the backward districts, thereby offering a roadmap for elevating the socio-economic conditions of farmers in these regions.

The Wakhan Economic Corridor: Examining its Impact on Regional Power Dynamics and Geopolitical Strategies

Introduction: The emergence of the Wakhan Economic Corridor signifies a pivotal geopolitical paradigm shift with profound ramifications for regional power configurations and strategic alignments in Central Asia and its contiguous areas. Methodology: This research undertakes an in-depth analysis of the corridor's transformative potential through a lens of political economy, strategic studies, and geopolitical analysis. Employing a sophisticated multidimensional framework, this study investigates how the corridor influences interstate relations, geopolitical rivalries, and the distribution of power among nation-states and non-state actors. Results/Findings: It examines the corridor's role in reshaping geopolitical narratives, fostering strategic alliances, and redefining spheres of influence in the region. By elucidating the intricate political dynamics and power plays catalyzed by the corridor, this research contributes nuanced insights into contemporary geopolitical challenges. Future Direction: It underscores the corridor's impact on statecraft, diplomatic maneuvers, and foreign policy calculus, providing a sophisticated understanding of how states navigate and capitalize on evolving geopolitical landscapes. The findings of this study will offer critical perspectives for policymakers, diplomats, and strategists, illuminating the strategic imperatives associated with the Wakhan Economic Corridor and its broader implications for regional stability, power projection, and global geopolitical competition.

CULTIVATING THE FUTURE: NANOTECHNOLOGY’S GREEN REVOLUTION IN AGRICULTURE

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in the realm of agriculture, promising a green revolution that transcends traditional farming practices. This paper delves into the myriad ways in which nanotechnology is reshaping the agricultural landscape, from enhancing crop yields to promoting sustainable practices. The integration of nanomaterials and nanodevices into agricultural processes marks a pivotal shift toward precision farming and resource optimization. One of the key applications of nanotechnology in agriculture lies in the realm of nanoscale delivery systems. Nanoparticles are engineered to carry and release nutrients, pesticides, and herbicides with unprecedented precision. This targeted delivery not only ensures optimal utilization of resources but also minimizes environmental impact and reduces the need for excessive chemical inputs. The result is a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to crop management. Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in improving soil health and fertility. Additionally, nanosensors embedded in the soil provide real-time data on moisture levels, nutrient content, and overall soil health. This datadriven approach enables farmers to make informed decisions, leading to better crop management and higher yields. Nano-sized formulations of pesticides exhibit enhanced efficacy, requiring lower concentrations for effective pest control. Nanomaterials can be employed to develop smart packaging that extends the shelf life of agricultural products, reducing post-harvest losses. In the context of sustainable agriculture, nanotechnology contributes to water conservation through the development of nanoscale irrigation systems. These systems ensure optimal water distribution, minimizing wastage and maximizing efficiency. Additionally, nanomaterials with water-retention properties enhance the moistureholding capacity of soil, especially in arid regions. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of nanotechnology in agriculture, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize farming practices, mitigate environmental impact, and contribute to the broader goal of ensuring food security for future generations.

The States' Hodgepodge of Physician Licensure Regulations.

The end of the federal COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) on May 11, 2023, marked a pivotal shift in the landscape of telehealth regulation in the US. Kwan, Jolin, and Shachar analyze the implications of this transition by exposing inconsistencies in access to care. We agree that we now face a "convoluted patchwork of permanent and temporary changes to telehealth law and policy."1.

Note from the Editor

As we are awaiting the 29 May national election outcome results, it seems that South Africa has underscored the electorate's demand for comprehensive reforms and a commitment to addressing pressing socio-economic challenges, signalling a pivotal shift in the nation's political landscape. Industrial engineering professionals are at the forefront of transforming South Africa’s economic landscape, particularly within the context of the country’s evolving political arena. As South Africa navigates a period of significant socio-political change, the role of Industrial engineering professionals has never been more critical. Industrial engineering professionals are uniquely positioned to drive efficiency, innovation, and sustainability across various sectors, addressing the urgent needs of a nation striving for inclusive growth and development. One of the pivotal contributions of industrial engineering professionals is its ability to streamline operations and enhance productivity. This is essential in a country where industries must adapt to new regulations and global competitiveness. Industrial engineering professionals play a crucial role in optimising supply chains, reducing waste, and implementing cutting-edge technologies, thereby ensuring that South African businesses can compete on an international stage. Moreover, Industrial engineering professionals could be more instrumental in advancing social equity. By designing systems that are not only efficient but also equitable, industrial engineering professionals contribute to creating job opportunities and improving working conditions. This aligns with South Africa’s requirement of reducing unemployment and fostering a more inclusive economy. In the new political arena, where policy shifts and economic reforms are frequent, the adaptability and problem-solving skills of industrial engineering professionals are invaluable. They are the architects of a resilient economy, capable of weathering political changes while driving sustainable development. As South Africa looks to the post-election future, the strategic role of Industrial engineering professionals will be a cornerstone in building a prosperous and equitable society. Let us tackle this challenge! This edition has a total of 11 articles, with 7 from authors with South African connections and the balance from international authors.

National trends in hospitalizations for gastrointestinal bleeding in Japan.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a significant public health concern, predominantly associated with high morbidity. However, there have been no reports investigating the trends of GIB in Japan using nationwide data. This study aims to identify current trends and issues in the management of GIB by assessing Japan's national data. We analyzed National Database sampling data from 2012 to 2019, evaluating annual hospitalization rates for major six types of GIB including hemorrhagic gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, esophageal variceal bleeding, colonic diverticular bleeding, ischemic colitis, and rectal ulcers. In this study, hospitalization rates per 100,000 indicated a marked decline in hemorrhagic gastric ulcers, approximately two-thirds from 41.5 to 27.9, whereas rates for colonic diverticular bleeding more than doubled, escalating from 15.1 to 34.0. Ischemic colitis rates increased 1.6 times, from 20.8 to 34.9. In 2017, the hospitalization rate per 100,000 for colonic diverticular bleeding and ischemic colitis surpassed those for hemorrhagic gastric ulcers (31.1, 31.3, and 31.0, respectively). No significant changes were observed for duodenal ulcers, esophageal variceal bleeding, or rectal ulcers. The findings of this study underscore a pivotal shift in hospitalization frequencies from upper GIB to lower GIB in 2017, indicating a potential shift in clinical focus and resource allocation.

Quantifying changes in the environmental impact of in-crop herbicide use in Saskatchewan, Canada

Abstract The sustainable management of herbicides is critical to modern agriculture and the environment. This article examines the evolution and environmental implications of herbicide use in Saskatchewan, Canada, agriculture. It quantifies changes in herbicide use and their environmental impacts by analyzing farm-level herbicide use data from 1991 to 1994 and from 2016 to 2019 through the environmental impact quotient. Results confirm significant reductions in both environmental and toxicological impacts of herbicides used, underlining the pivotal shift from tillage-based weed control to herbicide-resistant cropping systems. The environmental impact of the top five herbicides (glufosinate, glyphosate, clethodim, imazamox, and 2,4-D) used from 2016 to 2019 is 65% lower than that for those herbicides (MCPA, 2,4-D, bromoxynil, diclofop-methyl, and trifluralin) used from 1991 to 1994, with a 45% reduction in the active ingredient applied per acre. Despite increased herbicide use due to more crop acres being seeded, the findings highlight a marked improvement in the sustainability of herbicide use, affirming the importance of technological advancements in agriculture. This research contributes valuable insights into long-term trends in herbicide use, offering a practical framework for informed decisions aligning with sustainable agricultural practices as well as reduced biodiversity impacts.

Innovation and Evaluation Analysis of English Teaching Mode in Colleges and Universities Based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition

Abstract The surge in information technology has catalyzed a pivotal shift towards innovative English teaching methodologies in higher education, garnering significant attention in educational research. This study introduces wavelet packet decomposition as a novel approach to both the innovation and evaluation of English teaching methods in colleges and universities, aiming to enhance teaching efficacy and scientific rigor. By employing wavelet packet decomposition for data analysis and utilizing a cloud-based evaluation model for teaching assessments, we investigate the impact of a new teaching mode at College M. Results reveal that students exposed to this innovative teaching strategy outperformed their counterparts in the control group on English cognitive tests, particularly in foundational areas such as grammar, where the experimental group achieved an impressive average success rate of 86.73%, compared to the 25%-50% range of the control group. These findings highlight the substantial benefits of the innovative teaching mode in elevating students’ English learning outcomes, particularly in grasping basic concepts. Furthermore, integrating a cloud evaluation model offers a comprehensive and scientific framework for assessing teaching effectiveness. This research validates the efficacy of the novel teaching model and introduces an innovative evaluation methodology for English education in tertiary institutions.

Exploring the Methods and Paths of Integrating Entrepreneurship and Innovation Education into Applied Undergraduate Education

Abstract In the context of a global enthusiasm for innovation and entrepreneurship, this study explores practical strategies for incorporating entrepreneurship and innovation education into applied undergraduate curricula, marking a pivotal shift in educational reform. Utilizing a PEST analysis, cloud computing for resource allocation, and decision tree algorithms, we comprehensively examine the innovation and entrepreneurship education landscape in applied educational institutions. Our study demonstrates that strategic resource allocation can substantially improve both the utilization efficiency of resources and the overall impact of education. Establishing a resource allocation system enhances the alignment between educational resources and specific tasks, leading to marked improvements in resource efficiency. Comparative assessments indicate that applied institutions are particularly adept at fostering students’ entrepreneurial and innovative capacities, with student-led ventures in these institutions generating an average net profit of 210,000 to 500,000 yuan and capturing a market share of 58.88%. The research underscores the necessity of constructing a supportive framework for innovation and entrepreneurship education, advocating for an interdisciplinary stance and stronger school-business partnerships as essential components for optimizing educational effectiveness in applied undergraduate programs.

Emerging Architectural Paradigms in South Indian Temples: A Chronological Analysis

This research delves into the intricate evolution of Indian temple architecture, spanning centuries of cultural and religious transformations. Originating in the Vedic/Aryan civilization, worship centered on natural elements with a simple square altar. A pivotal shift occurred with the introduction of idol worship, marking the genesis of temple architecture evolution. Initially, rock-cut structures featured a garbagriha and semi-open portico, retaining the windowless garbagriha from rock-cut temples. The Chalukya era saw experimentation, notably at Durga in Aihole and Pattadakal, earning the latter the title "Cradle of temple architecture" due to Nagara and Dravida style exploration. Pallavas contributed to the Dravidian vimana prototype, as seen in Mahabalipuram's monolithic rathas. Cholas refined the vimana, erecting the Brihadeshwara temple in Tanjore with a mortar-less construction. Pandyas added Gopurams, reflecting emotional ties. Hoysalas introduced star temples with intricate carvings, featuring single to multiple garbagrihas in various styles. The Vijayanagara era introduced Amman temples and Kalyana mantapas. Nayakas refined Dravidian architecture with concentric prakaras and tall gopurams. In the 20th century, transformative shifts like the Isha Center in Coimbatore embody inclusivity, challenging traditions, and fostering diverse spiritual environments. Key Words: Indian temple architecture, Cultural transformations, religious evolution, vedic/Aryan civilization, rock-cut structures.

Digital transformation and economic development: A review of emerging technologies' impact on national economies

This scholarly investigation delves into the transformative influence of digital technologies on national economies, marking a pivotal shift in the global economic landscape. The study's primary objective was to dissect the multifaceted impact of digital transformation, scrutinizing its role in reshaping economic sectors and societal norms. Adopting a qualitative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, the research meticulously evaluated the economic ramifications of emerging technologies, drawing insights from diverse global contexts and industries. The findings reveal that digital transformation catalyses economic change, with significant variations observed across sectors such as healthcare and manufacturing. The study highlights the critical role of digital technologies in driving innovation, enhancing productivity, and fostering sustainable development. Case studies from different countries provided real-world perspectives on the implementation of digital strategies, underscoring the challenges and opportunities inherent in this digital shift. Conclusively, the research emphasizes the necessity of strategic planning and policy support in navigating the complexities of digital transformation. It advocates for a holistic approach that considers sociocultural, political, and economic factors in technology adoption, stressing the importance of global partnerships in fostering digital economic growth. The study culminates in recommendations aimed at guiding policymakers and business leaders in leveraging digital transformation for sustainable and inclusive economic development. In essence, this paper offers a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the digital era's impact on national economies, serving as a valuable resource for stakeholders navigating the ever-evolving landscape of digital transformation.

Towards a better living environment-compressive strength and water absorption testing of mini compressed stabilized earth blocks and fired bricks

The escalating demand for eco-friendly and energy-efficient building materials underscores a pivotal shift towards sustainable development catalyzed by heightened public consciousness. Leveraging community production optimizes local resources and curtails transportation overheads, fostering broader access to superior housing solutions. Emphasizing less-intensive construction techniques enhances material strength, insulation, and thermal attributes while significantly shrinking carbon footprints and waste generation. Particularly vital during crises, these methods invigorate local employment and champion environmental conservation. This study juxtaposes the performance metrics of Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (MCSEB) and fire-burned clay bricks, focusing primarily on their compressive strength. The conventional production of fire-burned clay bricks poses notable challenges, especially regarding energy consumption and pollution. Their manufacturing, anchored in coal utilization, directly exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions. Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs) emerge as a promising alternative in this context. Crafted by pressure on soil, their production eschews the need for coal or other combustibles, resulting in a significantly reduced carbon and energy footprint. When benchmarked against traditional fire-burned bricks, CSEBs, if demonstrating analogous compressive strengths, emerge as a viable replacement. A pivotal element in assessing compressive strength lies in factoring in the specimen’s dimensions, with platen restraint effects as a crucial metric. This research harnesses the platen test to comprehensively compare the compressive strengths of Fire Burnt Clay Bricks and Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks. This correlation suggests that Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks, when adjusted for size, can be deemed comparable in strength to Fire fire-burnt clay Bricks, making them a promising sustainable alternative in construction.

Developing a digital anatomy lab for rural medical students

This paper follows the genesis and development of a digital anatomy lab for geographically isolated students in a postgraduate Doctor of Medicine programme in rural New South Wales and represents a work in progress. Students studying their degree at the rural clinical school do so without an in-situ cadaver-centred anatomy laboratory. This represents a pivotal shift away from the fundamental learning pedagogies implicit in academic Medicine, and therefore a challenge for situating the digital anatomy lab; its contents and explicit pedagogical needs, inside an already saturated curriculum. The Digital Anatomy space under development represents an intersection of scholarship on whether nascent digital tools (VR/AR) can develop fast enough to provide haptic and spatial feedback, how such digital spaces sit pedagogically amidst the accepted didactic teaching frameworks of Medicine, and whether creating virtual spaces improves student learning of Anatomy. This work-in-progress reflects the conference themes of people, partnerships and pedagogies.

The shifting spaces of Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller’s ‘Berlin Files’ by Aneta Trajkoski

This article examines Berlin Files (2003) by the Canadian artists Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller, presenting it as a pivotal shift in their practice: from the use of binaural sound to a sculptural use of ambisonics

Recent Progress in Energy Management of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Reinforcement Learning

Review Recent Progress in Energy Management of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Reinforcement Learning Min Hua 1, Bin Shuai 1,2, ∗ , Quan Zhou 1, Jinhai Wang 1, Yinglong He 3, and Hongming Xu 1 1 School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK 2 School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3 School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU27XH, UK * Correspondence: shuaib@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Received: 29 August 2023 Accepted: 11 December 2023 Published: 19 December 2023 Abstract: The growing adoption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) presents a transformative opportunity for revolutionizing transportation energy systems. The shift towards electrifying transportation aims to curb environmental concerns related to fossil fuel consumption. This necessitates efficient energy management systems (EMS) to optimize energy efficiency. The evolution of EMS from HEVs to connected hybrid electric vehicles (CHEVs) represent a pivotal shift. For HEVs, EMS now confronts the intricate energy cooperation requirements of CHEVs, necessitating advanced algorithms for route optimization, charging coordination, and load distribution. Challenges persist in both domains, including optimal energy utilization for HEVs, and cooperative eco-driving control (CED) for CHEVs across diverse vehicle types. Reinforcement learning (RL) stands out as a promising tool for addressing these challenges. Specifically, within the realm of CHEVs, the application of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) emerges as a powerful approach for effectively tackling the intricacies of CED control. Despite extensive research, few reviews span from individual vehicles to multi-vehicle scenarios. This review bridges the gap, highlighting challenges, advancements, and potential contributions of RL-based solutions for future sustainable transportation systems.

Harmonizing Medicine and Surgery in the Pursuit of Boolean Remission: A Rheumatological Magnum Opus.

Rheumatic diseases encompass a diverse group of musculoskeletal conditions that often lead to inflammation, pain, and significant limitations in patients' lives. While traditional treatment approaches have primarily centered on medications to control symptoms, recent developments have introduced the concept of Boolean remission. Boolean remission offers a comprehensive evaluation of disease activity by considering clinical, biochemical, and patient-reported outcomes. This narrative review explores the multifaceted landscape of Boolean remission in the context of rheumatic diseases, with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as it remains a substantial clinical challenge. The review outlines the definition, criteria, historical context, and development of Boolean remission, shedding light on its emergence as a more patient-centered and stringent treatment goal. The role of pharmacological interventions, including immunomodulators and biologics, in achieving Boolean remission is discussed, emphasizing the significance of treatment protocols that encompass regular monitoring, medication adjustment, shared decision-making, and patient education. Surgical interventions, such as joint replacements and synovectomies, complement medication-based strategies when joint damage becomes severe, with adherence to surgical protocols ensuring sustained Boolean remission. The integration of medicine and surgery through integrated care models and interdisciplinary teams is examined as a critical aspect of optimizing patient outcomes. Boolean remission's broader impact on healthcare policies and clinical trial endpoints is explored, underscoring its growing significance in rheumatic disease management. The review concludes by looking towardthe future, where emerging technologies, biomarkers, and personalized medicine approaches hold promise in refining Boolean remission criteria and making it a more attainable and impactful treatment goal. Policy implications suggest the integration of Boolean remission into healthcare quality metrics, incentivizing healthcare providers to prioritize this rigorous standard of care. Boolean remission represents a pivotal shift in the holistic and patient-centered management of rheumatic diseases, offering hope for improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life in this challenging clinical landscape.

LEXICON OF PUBLIC RELATIONS: EXPLORING EDWARD BERNAYS’ INFLUENCE ON INTRODUCING PUBLIC RELATIONS CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY TERMS

This paper delves into the profound influence of Edward Bernays, often regarded as the “pioneer of public relations”, on the lexicon and terminology of the field. It explores how Bernays redefined public relations from being associated with propaganda and manipulation to a profession of strategic counsel including persuasive communication that serves the public interest. His introduction of the term “public relations counselor” marked a pivotal shift, elevating the reputation of public relations professionals as the ones who provide strategic guidance to clients while considering the public interest. He laid the foundations for scientific approach as he advocated usage of techniques and methods to gauge public sentiment rather than simply disseminate messages to manipulate public opinion. Additionally, Bernays’ emphasis on “two-way communication”, although it was asymmetrical model, laid the groundwork for contemporary public relations and modern interactive public relations practices, fostering feedback and engagement with the public. His concept of the “engineering of consent” introduced a scientific approach to shaping public opinion, challenging conventional views. The notion of “third-party endorsement” highlighted the importance of credibility in messaging, opinion makers, influencing development of todays’ influencer marketing and endorsement strategies. Furthermore, Bernays’ focus on “image management” remains relevant, with the emergence of terms like “reputation management”. His contributions continue to shape the way in which public relations practitioners communicate and interact with the public, leaving an enduring impact on the profession. Bernays’ innovative concepts and enduring legacy continue to influence and guide the practice of public relations in the 21st century, solidifying his position as a key figure in the evolution of the field’s language and concepts. Keywords: public relations, Edward Bernays, public relations counselor, lexicon.

Importance of Inclusive Education in General Medicine Through the Perception of Medical Trainees: A Thematic Analysis.

Background General medical education plays a pivotal role in ensuring holistic care in the context of rapidly aging populations. Japan's demographic trends underscore the significance of general medicine in elevating community care standards. Understanding and catering to the aspirations, perceptions, and ideals of medical students and residents can significantly augment the effectiveness of general medicine education. This research aimed to explore the perspectives of medical students on the ideal tenets of general medicine education in rural Japan. Method A qualitative approach was employed, focusing on medical students and residents with a keen interest in general medicine, all of whom underwent training at a rural-based Japanese hospital. Through semi-structured interviews, insightful data were garnered and subsequently subjected to a comprehensive thematic analysis. Results The thematic analysis unearthed three core themes: commitment of educators in valuing learner diversity, promotion and understanding of general medicine, and inclusivity and diversity in educational institutions. The first highlighted the centrality of educators' sincerity, emphasizing the importance of genuine, sustained interactions that foster mutual respect and collaborative learning. The second theme underscored the need to elucidate the intrinsic value and modern-day relevance of general medicine, emphasizing its deep roots in community-based practices and its continuity with long-standing medical traditions. The third theme spotlighted the crucial role of comprehensive medical education in fostering enriching dialogues, embracing varied learning experiences, and capitalizing on the distinctive strengths of educational institutions. Conclusion These findings underscore the pivotal shift required in pedagogical approaches to comprehensive medical education. A genuine collaborative educator-learner relationship, the reframing of general medicine's significance rooted in community welfare, and a strong emphasis on inclusivity and dialogue form the cornerstones of these insights. This study provides a touchstone for restructuring educational strategies, aiming for a more integrated, genuine, and encompassing framework that is particularly vital for the effective propagation of general medicine in regions such as Japan.

What should a restorative classroom look and sound like? Content validation of a direct observation tool

PurposeThis study focused on identifying measurable constructs of a restorative classroom and appropriate metrics to measure those constructs through content validity analysis of a direct observation tool. The tool was designed to assess restorative practices implementation in the classroom in the context of professional development supporting teachers in a fundamental reorientation towards non-punitive discipline.Design/methodology/approachThe authors administered a 30-item survey to a panel of 14 experts in restorative practices implementation in schools asking them to provide quantitative and qualitative feedback on the tool's content, metrics, and utility for building teachers' skill and confidence in promoting a restorative classroom. The authors calculated item-level content validity indices and scale-level content validity indices. To interpret findings, the authors applied acceptability criteria recommended in the literature. The authors used qualitative coding to analyze qualitative responses and contextualize quantitative findings.FindingsQuantitative results indicated that the tool's structure and measures of teacher behavior were acceptable. The student behavior scale did not meet the acceptability criterion. Qualitative feedback indicated that observation and later co-reflection on teachers' use of specific restorative skills was deemed helpful to teacher implementation of restorative practices. Observations of student behaviors, however, needed to be broadened to emphasize student voice and agency and the quality of student interactions.Originality/valueNovel approaches to measurement are needed to facilitate teacher implementation of restorative practices as schools adopt those practices to promote equitable student agency, engagement and belonging in a pivotal shift from existing punitive discipline systems.

Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed unprecedented economic growth in recent decades, propelling it onto the global stage. However, this rapid growth is often associated with a notable increase in carbon dioxide emissions, which carry significant environmental ramifications. In light of this pressing concern, this research undertakes a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1980 to 2020. This study employs autoregressive distributed lag approach to uncover the multifaceted dynamics at play. The empirical findings of the study reveal a compelling narrative about the Kingdom's natural landscape. Particularly noteworthy is the revelation that economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption emerge as pivotal long-term drivers of escalating pollution. These findings underscore the critical necessity for policies that strike a balance between economic development and environmental preservation. Furthermore, the study disentangles the intricate web of causation among these factors. It becomes evident that economic growth and pollution exhibit bidirectional causality, illuminating the intricate connection between economic prosperity and environmental consequences. Additionally, commercial activities have been empirically shown to exert a substantial influence on pollution levels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To address these challenges, a pivotal shift towards a low-carbon technological revolution is proposed as a means of achieving sustained economic development. This transition towards environmentally friendly technologies holds the potential to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, paving the way for a greener and more prosperous future for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.