Pituitary Cyst Research Articles

CYSTIC LYMPHOCYTIC HYPOPHYSITIS, VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS AND HYPOPITUITARISM

SUMMARYA 45‐year‐old man presented with anterior pituitary failure, requiring thyroxine, hydrocortisone and androgen replacement. An MRI scan revealed a large cystic pituitary mass and thickening of the pituitary stalk. Over three years, diabetes insipidus and bitemporal hemianopia developed and the cystic mass had enlarged on MR scanning. Transphenoidal resection was performed with normalisation of the visual fields. Histology revealed lymphocytic hypophysitis, which is rare in men. The presentation with cystic enlargement is unique.

Contrast-enhanced MRI of intrasellar arachnoid cysts: relationship between the pituitary gland and cyst

Contrast-enhanced MRI of intrasellar arachnoid cysts: relationship between the pituitary gland and cyst

HYPERPROLACTINEMIA IN ADOLESCENCE

Hyperprolactinemia is recognized commonly as a cause of menstrual dysfunction and hypogonadism in adults but is often assumed to be rare in adolescents. The clinical features of this in adolescence have not been well characterized. We have studied 20 patients with adolescent onset of hyperprolactinemia. Initial results on 16 (13 females and 3 males) are as follows: The cause of hyperprolactinemia was microadenoma in 6, macroadenoma in 7, pituitary cyst in 1 and tumor hydrocephalus in 2. Onset was between 9 and 19 years with a mean of 14.6 years but the diagnosis was delayed almost 5 years to a mean age of 19.3 years. Prolacting levels varied from 33 to 3450 ng/ml. Presenting complaints in females were: Amenorrhea in 64%, galactorrhea in 18%, cystic acne in 9%. Galactorrhea was present in 73% but only 1/3 of these were aware of it. Headaches were present in 82%. 6 of 8 patients had withdrawal bleeding after Provera.3 patterns of pubertal progression were seen: 1)primary amenorrhea 18%, 2)normal menarche with only a few periods 36%, 3) normal menarche, irregular menses for several years and amenorrhea in 46%. 4 of 5 patients with macroadenomas have had surgery, radiotherapy or both and 3 of these have residual hyperprolactinemia and other residua. Although hyperprolactinemia is a common cause of menstrual or pubertal disturbance in adolescence, diagnosis is usually delayed. Because outcome is often suboptimal, an effort toward timely diagnosis is indicated.

Amenorrhea-Galactorrhea Syndrome Caused by a Benign Pituitary Cyst: Case Report

Amenorrhea-Galactorrhea Syndrome Caused by a Benign Pituitary Cyst: Case Report

Suprasellar Aneurysm An Unusual Cause of Hypopituitarism

PANHYPOPITUITARISM, an uncommon clinical disorder, may result from a variety of underlying conditions. Chromophobe adenoma is perhaps the most frequent precipitating cause. Less common but confirmed causes include postpartum pituitary infarction, granulomatous disorders, head trauma, hemorrhage, suprasellar cyst, craniopharyngioma, and suprasellar aneurysm, which is presented here. Report of a Case A 55-year-old white woman was hospitalized because of a visual field defect. Additional complaints were bifrontal headache, 18-kg (40-lb) weight loss, alopecia, cold sensitivity, and increased sleep requirements. She denied having polydipsia, polyuria, or nocturia. She had been hypertensive for many years but had remained normotensive in the last 18 months without therapy. Her pregnancies had been uncomplicated, and she had reached an uneventful menopause at age 50 years. Vital signs were normal. The optic fundi showed mild congestion of retinal vessels but no papilledema, hemorrhage, or exudates. Visual field examination by perimetry showed a bitemporal hemianopsia. Axillary hair was

Hypophysial cysts in a teleost fish

AbstractIn an investigation of six stocks of platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) in the Genetics Laboratory of the New York Zoological Society, only one exhibited pituitary cysts. Cysts were discovered in 58 of 76 (76%) of the fish of the Gp (Grijalva) strain that were one month or older. This strain originated from the Rio Grijalva, Mexico, and has been inbred for many generations in this laboratory.Cysts were first seen shortly after birth and they increased in size with age. This enlargement results from an increase in the number of typical goblet cells that form the wall of the cyst and by an accumulation of their PAS — positive secretion. More than one cyst rarely occurs in a gland. Cysts may be found in all portions of the adenohypophysis, most frequently in the meso‐adenohypophysis, but they never occur in the neurohypophysis. Hypophysial cysts were not found in Gp embryos, in offspring of crosses between Gp females and males from other platyfish stocks and in wild‐caught fish from the Rio Grijalva. Fish of the Gp strain that showed abnormal gonadal development always possessed a pituitary cyst, but not all fish with pituitary cysts were hypogonadal.The information presented points to the fact that the origin of cysts has a genetic basis and perhaps arose as a result of inbreeding. It is suggested that cysts result when cells of the adenohypophysial anlage fail to differentiate into pituitary cells but become goblet cells instead.

The Pathology of Marginal Vitamin A Deficiency in Calves

SUMMARY Forty-eight male Holstein calves averaging 79 days of age were fed 6 different levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 μg.) of carotene per pound of body weight daily at 2 caloric intakes for a 12 or a 24-week period. Papilloedema was present in 7 and pituitary cysts in 5 of 8 calves receiving 10 μg. daily. In the 8 calves receiving 20 μg. daily, 3 had marked, 1 slight papilloedema and 2 a cystic pituitary. Both groups had increased keratinization of prepuce, reticulum and rumen. Of the calves on the 30 μg. intakes, 2 had marked and 2 slight papilloedema and 1 a cystic pituitary. Calves on higher carotene levels hadinconsistent changes. The pathological changes correlated well with the low vitamin A content of the liver, the increased cerebrospinal fluid pressures and the parotid duct metaplasia, reported previously.

Pituitary Cyst of Rathke's Cleft Origin with Hypopituitarism

Pituitary Cyst of Rathke's Cleft Origin with Hypopituitarism

Pituitary Cyst

Pituitary Cyst

Pituitary cyst lined with a single layer of columnar epithelium.

Clinically cysts found within the hypophysea l fossa occur mos t c o m m o n l y as the result of degeneration within a p i tu i ta ry adenoma. Intrasel lar cysts lined by a single layer of epithelium and large enough to give rise to signs and s y m p t o m s are very infrequent. Clinically they m a y be indistinguishable f rom chromophobe pituit a ry adenomas. The limited number of cases t ha t have been reported is insufficient to clarify the symptoma to logy and they were not followed long enough to determine the prognosis with cysts of this type.

Observations on Vitamin A Deficiency in Young Dairy Bulls

Summary 1.The effects of varying levels of vitamin A on the reproductive development of 13 Holstein, 4 Jersey, and 3 Guernsey bulls were studied. 2.Complete blindness developed in bulls receiving 2,000 I.U. of vitamin A daily. Following supplementation of the ration with 4,000 and 6,000 I.U. of vitamin A daily, very slight spermatogenesis was observed; only moderate sperm production was found following 5 months of therapy with 100,000 I.U. of vitamin A daily. 3.Bulls which received 4,000 and 6,000 I.U. daily of vitamin A until 300lb. in weight, and then 8 and 16 I.U. daily per lb. of body weight, exhibited convulsions, showed evidence of night blindness, and three became totally blind. Sexual maturity was delayed, sex drive inhibited, and spermatogenesis limited. Cystic pituitary glands were observed in all bulls except the controls. Histological differences were observed, however, in both the anterior pituitary glands and the adrenal glands of the bulls. 4.Although moderate prepubertal vitamin A deficiency did not completely inhibit sperm production, fertility and reproductive capacity appeared to be seriously impaired, since sexual drive and spermatogenesis as measured by laboratory procedures and histological examination were reduced. The possibility that prepubertal damage may be permanent, especially when cystic pituitaries develop or total blindness occurs, should not be overlooked.

Cystic Pituitary in Young Cattle with Vitamin A Deficiency: Two Plates (Five Figures)

Cystic Pituitary in Young Cattle with Vitamin A Deficiency: Two Plates (Five Figures)

Pituitary cyst with dwarfism, and delayed union of fracture

Pituitary cyst with dwarfism, and delayed union of fracture

A Post-Mortem Specimen of a Pituitary Cyst Opened by the Killian-Hirsch Operation

A Post-Mortem Specimen of a Pituitary Cyst Opened by the Killian-Hirsch Operation