Pipeline Valves Research Articles

Rapid prediction of water hammer characteristics in liquid hydrogen storage and transportation systems: A theoretical model

A renewable energy liquid hydrogen storage and transportation system is a very complex system, so water hammering due to valve closure cannot be ignored. A theoretical model for the rapid prediction of the water hammer effect in liquid hydrogen pipeline valves was developed in this work. The impact of valve closure characteristics and subcooling on the peak pressure water hammer was analyzed. The results indicate that as the subcooling temperature of liquid hydrogen decreases, the density of subcooled liquid hydrogen increases, leading to larger peak pressures in the water hammer transient. At subcooling temperatures of 14, 16, 18, and 20 K, the maximum instantaneous pressures for the water hammer fluctuation are 51563.02, 50846.76, 50082.40, and 48510.70 Pa, respectively. Under identical boundary conditions, the density of subcooled liquid hydrogen emerges as the primary factor influencing the peak pressure of water hammer. The theoretical model exhibits a significant advantage in terms of computational time cost, saving approximately 9.99 h. However, the accuracy of the theoretical model is slightly inferior to that of the CFD model. The results of the study are expected to provide a technical basis for the design of refueling systems for storage and transportation, as well as densification technology of supercooled renewable liquid hydrogen and safety protection.

Evaluation of rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistance of sealing materials for hydrogen-doped pipeline valves

Abstract With the rapid development of hydrogen-doped natural gas pipelines, the evaluation of the applicability of hydrogen to natural gas pipeline systems is bound to gradually involve all aspects of natural gas pipelines. Targeted at the non-metallic sealing materials for valves of hydrogen-doped natural gas pipelines, this paper, according to the ISO 23936-2 standard, carried out the rapid gas decompression (RGD) tests of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), fluorine rubber 246 (FKM246) and fluorine rubber 26 (FKM26), and the damage level of cracking failure for the rubber materials in the course of rapid release of gaseous medium was obtained (DL). The mechanical properties and volumetric dissolution rate of the three rubber materials were tested before and after the high-pressure gas mixture treatment, which explains the reason for the cracking failure of the rubber materials during the RGD test. The study obtained the influence law of high-pressure gas mixture with different hydrogen volume fractions on the RGD resistance of HNBR, FKM246, and FKM26, and selected the material with the optimal RGD resistance as FKM26, which can be used as a reference for the selection of sealing materials for the valves of hydrogen-doped natural gas pipelines in engineering.

Numerical simulation of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in a ship engine room

In order to understand and master the diffusion mechanism and spatial concentration distribution of hydrogen leakage in the engine room, this paper studies the diffusion behavior and concentration distribution of hydrogen under the coupling effect of multiple factors, and further explores the optimal installation location of the sensors. The results indicate that when the ventilation rate increases by 1, 2, and 3 times, the diffusion volume of hydrogen decreases by about 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 times. The harm of the increase in leakage diameter is greater than the leakage pressure. And the temperature has a greater impact on the hydrogen volume fraction in areas below 4 % and a smaller impact on areas above 4 %. In this environment, the sensors should be installed at or above 5.5 m in the rear of the engine room and above the axis of the hydrogen transport pipeline interface, valves and other places prone to leakage.

Development of a Flow-Measuring Hydropneumatic Bench for Testing Pipeline Valves

Pipe fittings are an important element of any pipeline network, ensuring stable and safe operation by regulating the flow of the working medium. To control the performance of pipeline valves, it is necessary to conduct various tests, the main ones of which are hydraulic and pneumatic. It is important to expand testing capabilities and reduce time costs. The purpose of this work is to combine hydraulic and pneumatic tests into one test complex, which will reduce the time of the test complex due to the absence of the need for reinstallation and reconfiguration. The subject of the study is the determination of the design, technical, and operational characteristics of such a stand, as well as the simulation of operating conditions to confirm its operability. During the development, methods of solid and surface modeling, the finite element method, and analytical calculation methods were used. The results of the stand design are presented, and the features of the process of its development are described, including the analysis of the stress-strain state and the analysis of reliability and durability indicators. The obtained values of the distribution of equivalent stresses, deformations, and displacements of the structure elements do not exceed the maximum allowable values and do not lead to destruction. The analysis shows that the developed stand has improved capabilities compared to those previously used. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-01-013 Full Text: PDF

Вероятность появления повреждений и отказов на трубопроводах оросительных систем

Purpose: to process data on damage and failures on the irrigation pipes to assess the technical condition of the pipeline, to define its performance reliability, terms of its failure-free operation, to determine the time after which the pipeline needs repairing, reconstruction or replacing of certain elements. Materials and methods: the analysis of statistical data on defects and damage on the Engels irrigation system pipeline was carried out; mathematical processing of data on pipe damage and failures was carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics with their consideration as random variables: first, the number of dam-age and failures was calculated, then the empirical distribution of random variables and the empirical probabilities of their distribution were compiled; the expectation value of damage and failures occurrence on the pipeline is calculated. Results: according to the field observa-tions, a list of defects and damage on this pipeline recorded in the corresponding observation log was compiled, and possible causes of their occurrence presented in tabular form and figures were given; based on the results of calculations, a histogram and theoretical distribution curves for the expectation values of damage and failures occurrence on the pipeline were constructed. Conclusion: the probability of the first damage and failures occurrence after 14 years of pipe operation has been determined, further damage and failures increase, and by the 17th–18th year in order to prevent damage and failures, it is necessary to repair the pipeline, joints and stop valves due to corrosion, cracks, chips, dents and other damage.

Prospects and tasks of sound vision application for diagnostics and visualization of cavitation and turbulent flows in medium and large diameter fittings

The possibility of using sound vision to solve the problems of visualization and diagnostics of caviation and turbulent flows arising during the operation of pipeline valves is considered. The available methods of realization of sound vision are analyzed. A block diagram with the reconstruction of a holographic image is proposed. The diagram could visualize the picture of the cavitation flow. It is shown that it is most promising to develop such circuit and technical solutions that could form a complete picture of the flow in dynamics with the ability to digitize it for further analysis.

HYDRAULIC DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF BLOCKS OPERATING IN TRICKLE IRRIGATION

There is little open-source software for trickle irrigation design and none of it is designed to simulate operating conditions on a specific hydraulic network already assembled in the field. Farmers employing trickle irrigation frequently need to change irrigation block operations over the years (parcel combinations), because of plant renovations in certain areas of the irrigated field or the adoption of precision irrigation. This work free software developed using Visual Basic® language that is able to simulate different block combinations of parcels, taking into consideration the pump parameters of flowrate, pressure, power requirements and efficiency and the main hydraulic network parameters of water speed, pressure and head loss. The software we developed was applied to a trickle irrigation system for citrus growing. The equations used to calculate head loss were Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach, and users could choose between these two equations depending on their application. The software worked efficiently for making the hydraulic calculations, providing simulations that graphically assisted users in choosing which combination of operation parcels (block combinations) and pump parameters (rotation speed and impeller diameter) for optimal operation of the irrigation system. The program ensured that the pressure along the irrigation network was compatible with the nominal operating pressure of the pipeline and safety valves.

Developing an Installation for Pneumatic Testing of Pipeline Valves

Pipeline systems are used in almost all industries and are rightfully considered one of the safest and most economical ways of transporting various media. Nevertheless, the consequences of failure and violating the integrity of this class of equipment lead to significant technological disasters. Pipeline valves are integral elements of pipeline systems, including those responsible for operational safety. To confirm the main characteristics, such as strength and tightness, pipeline valves must pass a set of tests. However, the problem of equipping production facilities with test equipment is relevant now because a significant part of the equipment fleet no longer fully complies with current operating conditions. Therefore, this study develops equipment for in-plant pneumatic testing of swing check valves for pipeline systems of hazardous production facilities with ultra-high parameters of the working media. Keywords —finite-element method, mathematical simulation, pipeline system, pipeline valves, pneumatic testing, strength analysis, stress-strain state, swing check valve, technological hydraulic installation

Developing an Installation for Hydraulic Testing of Pipeline Valves

Pipeline networks are an integral element of most modern production facilities. One primary element of the system for ensuring the safe operation of such facilities is pipeline valves for various purposes: isolating, non-return, safety, regulating, separating, disconnecting, and others. In turn, to verify the performance of pipeline valves, comprehensive tests are necessary to confirm the main characteristics, such as tightness. This research develops a hydraulic installation for hydraulic in-plant testing of pipeline valves as part of the technological equipment. It includes the structure, simulation of the stress-strain state of core units, and the testing loop hydraulic calculation of the installation. Keywords — finite-element method, hydraulic testing, mathematical simulation, pipeline system, pipeline valves, strength analysis, stress-strain state, technological hydraulic installation

Analytical Assessment of Valve Throughput Coefficient

The current level of industry development for the gas and oil production of equipment requires the development of engineering methods for calculating the hydraulic characteristics of manufactured products. Due to the complexity of the designs of distribution and control units for oil and gas transportation networks, the hydraulic characteristics of their control components increasingly affect the performance of regulation. In the construction of distribution and control units, pipeline fittings are used, in particular, wedge gate valves and shut-off valves. One of the main hydraulic characteristics of these products is the throughput, which is assessed by the throughput coefficient. Therefore, now the design engineer needs simple and accurate methods to determine the theoretical value of the throughput coefficient at the design stages of the product. The throughput is related to the hydraulic resistance of the passage part of the pipeline fittings, because it affects the level of pressure reduction when fluid moves from the inlet to the outlet of the product. There are methods for determining local hydraulic resistance caused by a change in the geometry of the passageway, based on the Weisbach formula and empirically determined local resistance coefficients. Engineering methods are proposed for determining the throughput coefficient of two types of pipeline fittings - a wedge valve and a shut-off valve. The methods are based on a well-established approach, expressed in the use of the connection of the throughput with a set of local hydraulic resistances that arise in the path of the working medium. The methods use information about the values of local hydraulic resistance values obtained empirically with the possibility of their approximation to obtain intermediate values of these indicators. The geometric features of the passage channels of the products under consideration are taken into account. They are compared with the existing nomenclature of information about the values of the coefficients of local hydraulic resistance. The proposed methods make it possible to reduce the time for carrying out calculations with obtaining a result whose accuracy is sufficient for use in engineering calculations. Expressions are obtained that allow determining the values of the throughput coefficient of the wedge gate valve and the shut-off valve, taking into account the geometric features and the relative position of the flow sections of pipeline valves, as well as the physical properties of the working medium.

ENGINEERING PRACTICE OF SETTING A FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INDUCTION ELECTRIC DRIVE OF PIPELINE VALVES BASED ON EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS, ESTIMATED BY FALLING PHASE CURRENT CURVE

To support modern requirements for an induction electric drive of pipeline valves, the most promising is the organization of a filed oriented control system, the setting of which is extremely difficult without the parameters of the equivalent circuit of an induction machine. This article provides a technique of setting a field oriented control system for induction electric drive of pipeline valves based on equivalent circuit parameters, estimated by falling phase current curve. The main aim of the research is to test the functioning of an induction filed oriented electric drive using a load stand, the setting of which is made on the basis of parameters previously estimated by falling phase current curve. Methods. To achieve the goal of the research, theoretical and experimental research methods were used. Theoretical research methods include the theory of electric drive, the theory of automatic control systems, the theory of electrical machines. Experimental research were carried out using a load stand that provides the required level of load on the shaft of the tested induction machine. Results. Suggested the technique of setting a field oriented control system for induction electric drive of pipeline valves based on equivalent circuit parameters, estimated by falling phase current curve. Relative values of deviations of current, speed and torque are obtained at the nominal level of load on the shaft of an induction machine. The applicability of the proposed technique using a loading stand was confirmed.

TECHNIQUE OF SETTING UP A PIPELINE VALVE ELECTRIC ACTUATORS CONTROL SYSTEM USING THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS, ESTIMATED BY FALLING CURRENT CURVE

To support modern requirements for an induction electric drive of pipeline valves, the most promising is the organization of a filed oriented control system, the setting of which is extremely difficult without the parameters of the equivalent circuit of an induction machine. This article provides a technique of setting a field oriented control system for induction electric drive of pipeline valves based on equivalent circuit parameters, estimated by falling phase current curve. The main aim of the research is to test the functioning of an induction filed oriented electric drive using a load stand, the setting of which is made on the basis of parameters previously estimated by falling phase current curve. Methods. To achieve the goal of the research, theoretical and experimental research methods were used. Theoretical research methods include the theory of electric drive, the theory of automatic control systems, the theory of electrical machines. Experimental research were carried out using a load stand that provides the required level of load on the shaft of the tested induction machine. Results. Suggested the technique of setting a field oriented control system for induction electric drive of pipeline valves based on equivalent circuit parameters, estimated by falling phase current curve. Relative values of deviations of current, speed and torque are obtained at the nominal level of load on the shaft of an induction machine. The applicability of the proposed technique using a loading stand was confirmed.

Prerequisites for the Implementation of a Risk-Oriented MRO Strategy for NPP Valves

The paper considers the relevance and possibility of developing methodological foundations for risk-oriented strategy of nuclear power plant equipment MRO on the example of pipeline valves. The pre-design study of the information system implementing these fundamentals is described.

Brief Analysis on the Design of Pressure Pipeline Valves and Fittings in Chemical Design

Brief Analysis on the Design of Pressure Pipeline Valves and Fittings in Chemical Design

Gene expression programming based mathematical modeling for leak detection of water distribution networks

Globally, the loss of potable water through buried and service water distribution networks (WDNs) is one of the persistent challenges confronted by water utilities. Most of the WDNs inspection methods are ad-hoc and typically provide the current status of the pipes. Despite the significant research efforts, a reliable prediction method of the water leak of buried and service water distribution pipes is rare. To overcome this challenge, gene expression programming (GEP) models – that uses extracted features of acoustic signals collected from noise loggers attached to pipeline valves at the chamber – are developed and validated in the current study. To develop these models, extensive fieldwork hitherto unavailable was undertaken in this study to record the flow-induced acoustic signal of WDNs. The GEP models are developed using a step function – that returns a binary output – which is leveraged to exhibit the proposed detection and prediction methods using the acoustic signal collected from the buried WDNs. The models only consider the highly correlated features with the leakage. The models are found to be able to predict leakages on metal and nonmetal pipes with about 95% accuracy. These models were developed to reduce the time and cost of deployment of equipment for leakage detection of pipes. The proposed method presented in this study highlights the prospect and advantage of using the GEP in infrastructural management given the amazing capability of the machine intelligence technique to recognize multi-dimensional circumstances with ease, high prediction accuracy, and potential for unceasing improvement.

Оцінка впливу гідравлічного балансування системи опалення та затінення зовнішніх огороджувальних конструкції на енергоспоживання будівлі ЗВО

The main design features of single-pipe systems with vertical wiring, the reasons for their low efficiency, which include: physical and moral obsolete equipment and pipeline valves, lack of automatic control and regulation of coolant supply, low efficiency of heating devices, are characterized. Using the methodology according to DSTU B V.2.6-189-2013 and DSTU B A.2.2-12: 2015, the effectiveness of the introduction of automatic balancing of the heating system was first investigated, and then the effect of shading of external enclosing structures on the energy consumption of the university building, taking into account the existing state of external enclosing structures ... It has been established that balancing the heating system makes it possible to reduce the specific energy consumption for heating by 7.6%, and to reduce the energy consumption of the heating system by 164.8 MWh. The influence of the shading of external enclosing structures on the energy consumption of the building of the university is estimated, taking into account the existing state of the external enclosing structures in the absence of balancing the heating system of the building. It is shown that it leads to an insignificant excess of energy consumption for heating by 0.3 % or 6.6 MWh. It has been proven that the energy consumption of a building, taking into account the shading coefficient after balancing the heating system, can reduce the specific energy consumption for heating by 7.9 %, and reduce the energy consumption of the heating system by 165.4 MWh. Assessing the effect of shading of external enclosing structures "before" and "after" balancing the heating system of the university building, it can be argued that the energy consumption of the heating system has been reduced by 158.8 MWh or by 7.7 %. Key words: flow, balancing, solar insolation, heating system, shading

An smart toilet integrated performance detection device combined with machine vision

The traditional smart toilet comprehensive detection device proves unsatisfying on integration, intelligence, time and effort cost, and precision. In order to improve the detection accuracy and efficiency of smart toilets test, and overcome the poor integration of equipment and low intelligence, image processing technology is applied to the comprehensive performance detection equipment for smart toilets in this paper. Lenovo all-in-one computer is used as the upper computer to realize the collection and analysis of key data. Siemens PLC, as a lower-level computer, controls multiple temperature water tanks, frequency converters and pipeline valves, and collects and transmits data on temperature and cleaning power. Meanwhile, CCD camera is innovatively introduced to locate the seat temperature test points on the smart toilet. The test results show that the detection accuracy, efficiency and integration of the device are improved obviously.

Control Valve Condition Checking by Spectral Analysis

The research work considers and analyzes the problem of control valve failure in case of shaft-gear break during normal operation. In order to identify typical deviations and causes of failure of the electrically driven valves, the amplitude-frequency spectra of the current signal taken at one or more phases of the electric motor were analyzed. The method of spectral diagnostics adopted for analysis allows detecting hidden defects of reinforcement not detected in other types of analysis. In order to justify the study, spectral analysis is carried out on control valves installed in the main condensate and feedwater systems of power units WWER-1000 and WWER-1200. As a result of the study, the following relationships were established increase of amplitude speed of electric motor (EM) to -30 dB is a fact of EM operation at increased load, which will lead to wear of thrust-radial bearings; appearance of baseband frequencies in the region of 50 Hz frequency indicates that there are deviations in setting of electric drive torque limiters. The detected defects, in the future, will lead to the failure of the gear shaft and the shutdown of the power unit. The results of the performed work are used to supplement the existing catalog of defects of pipeline valves developed by RI NPE VETI NRNU MEPhI.

Dissimilar welding between piping and valves in the offshore oil and gas industry

ABSTRACT This article reviews different piping connections, such as flanged, wafer, hub and clamp, welded, and threaded. A bevel end welding connection is one of the most common pipe ends due to providing high joint efficiency and less risk of leakage. This type of pipe ending has a lean angle with the pipe surface and suitable for butt weld joints. For a butt weld joint, the pipe end is typically prepared according to ASME B16.25. Alternatively, a narrow gap welding technique with a 5° or 7° degree angle to the vertical line rather than 37.5° has been used to reduce the welding heat input and facilitate faster welding. Three case reviews are discussed in which industrial valves in the offshore industry are welded to the piping in different materials. The first case addresses the welding between a 38” oil export line in 22Cr duplex and pipeline valves in carbon steel material located on a platform in the North Sea, Norwegian continental shelf. The second case reviews subsea slab gate valves with remotely operated vehicle (ROV) operations located on subsea manifold mono-ethylene-glycol injection lines. The valves are supplied with pup pieces integral to the valve body in 25Cr duplex to be welded to API 5 LX65 carbon steel pipe. The third case reviews ¾” subsea ball valves with ROV operations located on subsea manifold chemical injection lines such as methanol. 25Cr super duplex valve materials should be welded to 6MO piping in this case. Welding techniques based on industrial experiences and past studies are proposed to solve the challenges in these three cases.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАБОТЫ НАСОСНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ НА ЗАКРЫТЫХ ОРОСИТЕЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ

The creation of modern reclamation systems is accompanied by the emergence of new technical solutions, the complexity of the design of individual elements and, as a result, an increase in labor and money costs for their design, construction and subsequent operation. There are also requirements for reducing the construction time of these facilities, and improving the efficiency of agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The creation of modern reclamation systems needs to clarify the traditional methodological approaches to solving a number of problems. In reclamation construction, closed irrigation systems are becoming increasingly widespread, the main elements of which are: a stationary or mobile pumping station, a closed irrigation network and sprinkler equipment. The experience of operating modern closed irrigation systems has shown that due to changes in the operating modes of pumping stations and sprinkler equipment, sharp pressure fluctuations (hydraulic shocks) occur in pipelines during certain periods, which can lead to network destruction, failure of pipeline valves and pumps. Hydraulic engineering and reclamation facilities must meet certain requirements for reliability and environmental safety. First of all, this is achieved by protecting pipelines from an unacceptable increase in pressure that occurs during hydraulic shocks caused by changes in the operation of pumping units. Damage and accidents in the pressure systems of a closed irrigation network can also occur during transients that occur when pumping units are started up in accordance with the work schedule. The purpose of the work is to clarify the calculation justification, design and safe operation of closed irrigation systems with pumping stations.