Pipe Cleaning Research Articles

Smoking Pipes and Paraphernalia from the Recent Archaeological Investigations in the Evangelical Parish Church in Sibiu

Archaeological research in the field of smoking pipes has advanced in recent years by leaps and bounds and published data from the city of Sibiu (germ. Hermannstadt, hu. Nagyszeben) have also provided several such finds. The following paper brings a new contribution to this field of research by presenting the smoking implements archaeologically uncovered inside the Evangelical Parish Church in Sibiu – nowadays the Evangelical Cathedral – during the 2018–2021 excavations, better known for their results relevant to the medieval and early modern development of the parish site and of its buildings. The thirty smoking pipes which will be discussed date from a much later period, the earliest being only as old as the second part of the 17th century and the vast majority dating from the first half of the 19th century. For their most part fragmentary pieces drawn in the backfills used for vertical resurfacing during the 1853–1855 renovation of the church, the lot includes a varied selection of 17th–19th centuries “Ottoman” pipes and 19th century “Austrian” pipes, some of them produced in Wiener Neustadt (Austria), others connected with the workshops in Banská Štiavnica (Slovakia). The presented lot also includes two fragmentary wind caps and a bronze pipe cleaner, also found inside the church, in secondary contexts. The materials are analyzed both individually and as an interconnected lot. For the description of the pieces the basic terminology has been used, dividing them into bowl, shank and ring, with occasional mentions about the lower part of the bowl, designed as their keel.

Research on Automatic Pipe Cleaning Technology for Natural Gas Medium and Low Pressure Pipelines

Abstract As the number of low-production and low-efficiency wells in Chang Qing gas field increases gradually, and the problems of pipeline liquid accumulation, freezing plugging and leakage due to production with liquid are worsening, in view of the low efficiency of manual analysis of abnormal pipeline status, the difficulty of timely detection of potential problems and the labor intensity of manual blockage clearing operation, we study an automatic pipeline clearing technology applicable to medium- and low-pressure gas pipelines in the gas field, which mainly includes pipeline operation status analysis and early warning system and automatic pipeline clearing device. An analysis and warning algorithm module is proposed to analyze, warn and locate the frozen plugging point based on pipeline pressure, differential pressure and flow parameters in real time. A low and medium pressure balling device is designed to achieve the goals of intelligent control, pressure isolation balling and safe operation through mechanical structure design, automatic control system and safety protection system. The device and system are applied in the well field at the end of 1 and 3# trunk pipelines of Shen Mu Gas Field Station 7, which verifies the feasibility, accuracy and stability of the technology. Based on the joint operation of the pipeline analysis and warning system and the automatic pipeline clearing device, it is able to meet the remote intelligent pipeline clearing operation and pipeline maintenance tasks in the process of gas gathering and transmission in the gas field.

First Clinical Experience with a New Device for the Removal of Cochlear Schwannomas.

Background: In most cases, intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) occurs in patients with unilateral hearing deterioration or neurofibromatosis type II (NF II). The pattern of localization of these tumors varies but mostly affects the cochlea. Extirpation of the cochlear schwannoma, if hidden by the cochlea modiolus, is difficult under the aspect of complete removal. Therefore, a tissue removal device (TRD) was designed and tested in temporal bones. The principle of handling the new device is a pushing and pipe cleaner handling inside the cochlea. This present study aimed to describe the first in vivo experience with the newly developed TRD for removing cochlear intralabyrinthine schwannomas. Methods: In three patients, the TRD was used for the tumor removal of cochlear schwannomas. In two patients with a cochlear schwannoma in combination with a cochlea implantation and one patient suffering from NF II, a cochlear schwannoma was removed with the TRD. The access was performed with a posterior tympanotomy, an enlarged round window approach and an additional second turn access. The device was inserted and extracted gradually from the second turn access until the rings were visible in the second turn access. By pushing and pipe cleaner handling, the tumors were removed. An MRI control was performed on the day postoperatively with a T1 GAD sequence. Results: Tumor removal with the TRD was performed in a 15-min procedure without any complications. An MRI control confirmed complete removal on the postoperative day in all cases. Conclusions: In vivo handling of the device confirmed straightforward handling for the tumor removal. MRI scanning showed complete removal of the tumor by the TRD.

P‐112: Analyzing Scrubber Failure Causes Using the CNN 1D Inception Module

Environmentally harmful gases generated during the OLED manufacturing process are burned by a scrubber and discharged as water‐soluble gases using a wet system. The gases are incompletely burned, causing residues to accumulate in the pipes and eventually clogging the pipes. It takes an average of 80 hours for the facility to be backed up, including identifying the condition of the facility, analyzing the cause, issuing the ‘work order’ for pipe cleaning, and restating the facility. And due to the analysis error, the pipe does not need to be cleaned, and the cleaning cost is wasted. In this study, the CNN 1Dinception module was used to automatically analyze the reason for the failure of the scrubber in real time. The developed AI model was applied to mass production and achieved an average accuracy of 99.4%. In particular, the “pipe clogging” mode was predicted with 100% accuracy.

Carbon footprint assessment of maintenance and rehabilitation techniques for sewer systems

ABSTRACT The research study presented in this paper sets out to improve our understanding of the environmental impacts associated with the maintenance and rehabilitation of conventional gravity sewer systems and, through this, support decision-making processes in sewer system management. The objects assessed are open trench replacement, trenchless renovation, open trench and trenchless spot repair, inspection, and hydraulic cleaning of sewer pipes. Carbon footprint assessment was carried out according to the ISO14067:2018 standard. The life cycle stages considered included raw material extraction, manufacturing processes, maintenance/rehabilitation, and the transportation of materials. The functional unit was defined as: ‘A gravity sewer section with a length of 45 metres and a diameter of 200 to 1500 mm operating in normal conditions over a period of 100 years in the Netherlands’. A sensitivity analysis was included to assess how the results vary as a consequence of changes in the input dimensions. The findings of this study suggest that the main opportunities for reducing the environmental impacts of conventional, open trench pipe replacement lie in the choice of the pipe material and the design of the asphalt pavement that requires reinstatement. Adopting trenchless sewer rehabilitation technologies can significantly reduce the environmental burdens of sewer system rehabilitation.

JUNO high purity nitrogen plant

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kt low level radioactivity liquid scintillator detector in a laboratory 650 m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino physics. High purity nitrogen is an important factor to ensure the low background of the JUNO detector. High Purity Nitrogen (HPN) is used for detector purging, pipe cleaning, and scintillator purification, among other things in JUNO. According to JUNO’s requirements, the radon concentration in HPN should be less than 10 μBq/m3. To meet this requirement, A high-purity nitrogen plant with 100 Nm3/h maximum rate was designed and constructed. Low-temperature adsorption technology is used to remove radioactive impurities in nitrogen. High purification efficiency was ensured by using an activated carbon column with high column height-to-diameter ratio. Electrostatic collection and low-temperature enrichment methods are combined to measure radon in nitrogen. After ten days of continuous operation at 50 Nm3/h flux rate, the plant can to reduce the radon concentration in nitrogen from 37.4±1.8μBq/m3 to less than 1.33 μBq/m3. After HPN with flow rate of 50 Nm3/h passing through low-background pipeline (About 1.3 km), the radon concentration of HPN is 5.6±0.6μBq/m3.

Water quality for human consumption in semi artesian wells in the city of Lábrea/AM

The disorderly urban growth of cities results in the contamination of surface water and groundwater. In Brazil, one of the main sanitation challenges is to make drinking water available to the population. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to assess the quality of water for human consumption in the municipality of Labrea/AM. Six (6) sampling points were selected in different locations in the urban area of the municipality of Labrea, including two (2) municipal water distribution wells and four (4) household wells. After the physical-chemical and microbiological analyses, the following parameters were determined: temperature, turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, total phosphorus, total and thermotolerant coliforms. The data was compared with current legislation, including Ministry of Health Ordinance No. 888/2021. The variables total dissolved solids, total phosphorus and temperature were all within the legal limits. On the other hand, it is worth noting that of the six points sampled, four indicated the presence of coliforms, and house 4 showed the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms. The presence of pathogens in the water requires urgent control measures, whether it's raising awareness among the population, continuous cleaning of household reservoirs or water distribution pipes, since one of the possible consequences of drinking unsafe water will be high numbers of water-borne diseases.

Reagent of Complex Action for Oil Transportation

Traditional methods of pipeline cleaning: scraping and heating of problem areas are quite timeconsuming and costly. Cost optimization in this area should be associated with the introduction of new high-tech technologies, as well as the use of effective domestic analogues of materials and components. Recently, the use of chemical reagents has become a method of influencing the rheological properties of the oil stream. It was found that solutions of the additive in toluene have optimal low temperature properties, which is obviously determined by its pour point (-95°C). The study of rheological properties was carried out at a low shear rate of 3.75 s-1, which corresponds to the starting loads on pumps of the oil pumping station, as well as in the range of shear rates at temperatures typical for gathering, infield and main oil transportation processes. Innovative methods for dealing with complications in oil transportation. Proposed by a number of developers, they are based on electromagnetic and ultrasonic treatment of the oil flow by stationary devices. Studies of dynamic viscosity during cooling in the temperature range from 70°C to minus 10°C made it possible to determine the depression of the saturation temperature of oil with paraffins in the presence of the developed reagent, which was 6°C, which reduces the cost of heating the oil-gathering header and infield pipeline when transporting oil in winter. At a low speed in the studied temperature range, the viscosity decreases by an average of 35%, which significantly reduces the starting loads on the pumps. This reagent may vary depending on the application conditions and reach 50% by weight. while maintaining the possibility of up to -30°C without preheating. The results show that the developed reagent effectively inhibits the formation of ASF in oils at economically reasonable concentrations of 100...200 g/m3 and is not inferior in efficiency to modern domestic and foreign analogues. On average, the intensity of the cleaning of pipes from the formed deposits will be reduced by 2.5 times.

Feedback control of a pipe cleaning snake robot with two helixes connected

In this study, we present a method for moving a snake robot in a pipe while generating slips between the robot and the pipe wall. This method is intended to be applied to pipe cleaning. The structure of the robot consists of a helix and reverse helix connected by a passive roll joint, and the rolling velocities of the two helixes are controlled differently to generate slips. We designed the target paths to ensure that the robot could clean the entire pipe wall even if the brushes were attached while spaced out. A feedback control that adjusted the rolling velocities of the two helixes to follow the target path was introduced. The position of the snake robot can be controlled to move independently in and around the pipe axis. We verify the effectiveness of the method using simulations and experiments. We confirmed that by using feedback control, the robot could roll according to the target path, but only in the backward direction of the robot. We also confirmed that applying this method to cleaning the entire pipe wall is difficult because of the different errors of each brush.

Application of Ice Pigging in a Drinking Water Distribution System: Impacts on Pipes and Bulk Water Quality

Ice pigging is an emerging technique for pipe cleaning in drinking water distribution systems. However, substantial confusion and controversy exist on the potential impacts of ice pigging on bulk water quality. This study monitored the microstructural features and composition of sediments and microbial community structures in bulk water in eight multimaterial Chinese networks. Chloride concentration analysis demonstrated that separate cleaning of pipes with different materials in complex networks could mitigate the risk of losing ice pigs and degrading water quality. The microstructural and trace element characterization results showed that ice pigs would scarcely disturb the inner surfaces of long-used pipes. The bacterial richness and diversity of bulk water decreased significantly after ice pigging. Furthermore, correlations were established between pipe service age, temperature, and chloride and total iron concentrations, and the 15 most abundant taxa in bulk water, which could be used to guide practical ice pigging operations.

Housing and management factors and breed predisposition for haemorrhagic bowel syndrome in swine

BackgroundHaemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a sporadically occurring disorder characterized by sudden death in pigs in combination with a pale and bloated carcass with no prior signs of disease. Most often HBS is affecting fattening pigs. Due to the good general health and performance before death as well as the time point of disease shortly prior to slaughter, this syndrome means a significant economic impact for the farm and is a major animal welfare concern. Furthermore, the cause or the causing agents have not yet been identified even though it is a worldwide known problem. The aim of this study was to detect possible risk factors for the occurrence of HBS with the focus on risk factors on herd level.ResultsManagement and feeding strategies of 97 Swiss fattening herds with high and low HBS incidence were assessed and examined to identify risk factors for the disease. Having only pigs sired by the PREMO® breed in the herd showed to be a significant risk factor for HBS (Odds Ratio (OR) = 147) as compared to having other breeds or a mixture of multiple breeds. Furthermore, pigs from two or more origins per batch compared to having only one origin per batch significantly increased the disease risk (OR = 52). Farms with 1 decimetre greater feeding place width per finisher pig have a lower HBS incidence (OR = 0.07). The frequency of cleaning of the distribution pipes (split up into categories, e.g. once a month) was associated with being a HBS case farm (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe four factors identified in this study for the occurrence of HBS represent different aspects of the environment and management. This leads to the assumption that it is a multifactorial syndrome and a thorough examination of each herd individually is necessary to mitigate disease risk. This study suggests that part of the susceptibility to HBS is genetically determined. The reduction of HBS in the herd should be the main objective to improve the economic status of the herd and improve animal welfare.

Large-scale characterization of hospital wastewater system microbiomes and clinical isolates from infected patients: profiling of multi-drug-resistant microbial species

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and infectious agents exhibiting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are challenges globally. Environmental patient-facing wastewater apparatus including handwashing sinks, showers and toilets are increasingly identified as sources of infectious agents and AMR genes. We performed large-scale metagenomic analysis of the wastewater system in a large teaching hospital in the Republic of Ireland experiencing multidrug-resistant HAI outbreaks. Immediately prior to refurbishment of a medical ward where HAI has been endemic, wastewater pipe sections (n=20) were removed. These comprised toilet u-bends, sink and shower drains and, following DNA extraction, each underwent metagenomic analysis. Diverse taxonomic and resistome profiles were observed, with members of phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominating (38.23 ± 5.68% and 15.78 ± 3.53%, respectively). Genomes of five clinical isolates were analysed. These antimicrobial-resistant bacterial isolates were from patients >48 hours post-admission to the ward. Genomic analysis determined that the isolates bore a high number of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Comparison of resistome profiles of these isolates and wastewater pipe metagenomes revealed a high degree of similarity, with many identical ARGs shared between clinical isolates and the wastewater environment, suggesting probable acquisition post-admission. The highest numbers of ARGs observed were those encoding resistance to significant clinically- and commonly-used antibiotic classes. Average nucleotide identity analysis confirmed presence of highly similar or identical genomes in the clinical isolates and wastewater pipes. These unique large-scale analyses reinforce the need for regular cleaning and decontamination of patient-facing hospital wastewater pipes and effective infection control policies to prevent the transmission of nosocomial infection and emergence of AMR within potential wastewater reservoirs.

PICKLING – PASSIVATION MECHANISM AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF Q235 STEEL PIPELINE

Pipe cleaning is currently the most effective method to improve the cleanliness and corrosion resistance of pipes. In this paper, a new method of pipe cleaning is proposed, combining mechanical and chemical cleaning, offline tank cleaning and online cycle cleaning. Through experiments and characterization of the morphology changes, the mechanism of pickling and passivation of Q235 steel was explored, and the entire process of microstructure and morphology changes on the pipe wall’s surface was analyzed to verify the feasibility of this technology. The cleaning process was optimised using response surface analysis to determine the optimum cleaning conditions. This study is of great relevance to the effective operation of continuous-casting equipment over a long period of time.

Rehabilitation of water distribution networks: when and how to rehabilitate

Abstract In this paper, a deterioration model is created and used to simulate the life cycle of a water distribution network (WDN). Then, two strategies – leakage fixing and pipe cleaning – are evaluated to rehabilitate its capacity to attend the demand. In order to implement the deterioration model, the following parameters were considered: growth of the consumer population, increase in leakage rate, functional pipe deterioration and reduction of the hydraulic capacity of the pumps. For the leakage fixing, a fixed reduction rate in water losses was considered throughout the entire WDN until a minimum reference value was reached. For pipe rehabilitation, leaning was considered at a rate of 1% of the total length of the network per year. In each of the rehabilitation strategies, a cost–benefit analysis was carried out using the net present value. The results showed that both alternatives can restore the capacity of the WDN, with the pipe cleaning presenting a better economic impact.

Using Pipe Cleaners to Bring Proteins to Life

Proteins are challenging molecules for students to understand, consisting of multiple components interacting in a variety of ways. As instructors, we have observed this information is hard for students to process, both when learning about proteins initially in introductory classes, and when learning about specific details in upper-level courses. This pipe cleaner activity is designed for use in any science class that teaches protein folding, from upper-level high school through upper-level college courses. Pipe cleaners are a simple, familiar, and cost-effective manipulative model that can be used in multiple class types.

Análise hidráulica e econômica para reabilitação de redes de distribuição de água utilizando limpeza e substituição de tubulações e conserto de vazamentos

ABSTRACT Water distribution networks (WDNs) are designed to operate over a long period, however, it is expected that their capacity reduces over time. The large set of options that can be applied to improve their capacity, combined with their hydraulic complexity and the search for the most economical solution create a difficult problem to solve. Therefore, in this paper the hydraulic and economic benefits of three rehabilitation strategies: pipes cleaning, pipe replacement and leakage fixing. were evaluated individually first and then combined into two case studies, through a cost minimization using the PSO algorithm. Initially, the relation between the investment and the reduction in pressure deficit is analyzed for each alternative to identify the best strategy, and at which point the benefits are saturated. Then, an optimization considering the combination of the three intervention techniques is made to verify if there is a prioritization of any technique, and if it is related with the individual performance. in economic and hydraulic terms pipe replacement was the best intervention technique, followed by pipe cleaning and leak repair. For substitution, few interventions are sufficient to significantly improve the pressure. Moreover, it was observed that in the intervention - combined, the algorithm prioritizes joint solutions.

Design and Development of Robot for Industrial Pipe Cleaning and Inspection

Nowadays many industries used different diameter pipes for different applications like carrying chemicals, high-pressure steam, and gasses hence there may be chances of problems like corrosion, and leakages. The proposed system suggests the robot will be built to clean the residues that are built up inside the pipe. This is done through a brushing mechanism. Not only this robot will also be able to relay live video feedback from the ground to the controller that the user has. By this, the users can verify the cleaning that is done by the robot.

Surface cleaning of 34CrMo4 steel pipes by using pulsed fibre laser

Surface cleaning of 34CrMo4 steel pipes by using pulsed fibre laser

Cerium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework with Intrinsic Haloperoxidase‐Like Activity for Antibiofilm Formation

AbstractBiofilms adhering to surfaces have severe impacts on both public health and industry. Environmentally friendly strategies for combating biofilms are needed due to the biosafety issues brought by traditional commercial anti‐biofilm additives. Enzyme‐based strategies for biofilm treatment have attracted great research interest, but there is still a major challenge ahead due to the high economic cost and limited stability of natural enzymes. Inspired by the antifouling mechanism of natural haloperoxidase (HPO) secreted by marine algae, which catalyzes the oxidative bromination of bacterial quorum sensing signaling molecules, its artificial enzyme is proposed here in response to the situation mentioned above. A cerium‐based metal–organic framework (Ce‐MOF) is verified to possess HPO‐like activity. Based on its favorable enzyme‐like activity, the Ce‐MOF exhibits remarkable antibacterial and biofilm formation suppression abilities. This study not only expands the variety of HPO‐like artificial enzymes but also paves the way for the application prospect of Ce‐MOFs in water pipe cleaning and biofouling treatment.

PIPE INSPECTION AND CLEANING ROBOT

The pipe inspection and cleaning robot is one of the most important system developed for a proper maintenance of underground pipes. Due to Large Development and increase in usage of fuel, oil, gas and the pipes used for such process need to be maintained properly. There are many ways to do that so but Biggest problem arises with such maintenance machine are heavy cost and durability to work in and out of the pipes. We have come up with a solution of efficient Underground faulty pipe inspection and even cleaning the pipes by only one single robot. Our goal is to achieve this by using a robot that will be equipped with all necessary sensors and equipments to detect fault and even clean the pipes. The objectives of this project are as follows:  Design and assemble robot that will be carrying sensors and equipments.  Write codes for moving robot and working of sensors.  Adjust the range for ultrasonic sensors to detect the crack.  Test the code and troubleshoot to increase the robot efficiency and accuracy.  Study the shortcomings and improve them.  Test the robot performance with many faults and even increase the cleaning efficiency.  Determine other parameters which would affect robot reliability.