Pineapple Waste Research Articles

Prebiotic effects of extracts from pineapple and Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizomes towards the growth of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei

For the past few decades, plant derivatives have much been patronized in multiethnic Malaysia as traditional and complimentary medicines. Plant extracts and their phytochemical compounds have shown remarkable positive impacts on probiotics in gut. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of several plant extracts and their phytochemical compounds on the growth of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L. paracasei). Pineapple juice, pineapple waste extract, Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract, mixture of pineapple juice and Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract, inulin and mixture of inulin and bromelain were supplemented to liquid media and tested on L. paracasei at the shake flask scale for cell density, pH, postbiotic metabolites and bioactivities. Among the four extracts tested, Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract exhibited the highest cell density (1.7532) and proteolytic (12.012 U/mL), along with the lowest pH. Pineapple juice also showed a lowest pH value (5.685). The mixture extract demonstrated the highest lactic acid production (538.812% v/v), phenolics (222.494 ppm) and antioxidative capacity (IC50 2.3347). Saccharide utilization was observed for all supplemented media after an 8 h fermentation process, exceeding 85%. The findings demonstrated that all plant extracts stimulated L. paracasei growth and exhibited prebiotic properties, suggesting their potential commercialization as new functional foods and beverages.

Pineapple waste biosurfactant: sustainable soil clean up via optimization, characterization and sorption kinetics

Pineapple waste biosurfactant: sustainable soil clean up via optimization, characterization and sorption kinetics

Mathematical modelling of quantifying bioethanol fuel production from pineapple waste

Lack of confidence in potential bioenergy production and net benefit hinders rapid implementations of such sustainable energy productions from different waste sources. With the aim of accelerating real-life implementations of more bioenergy productions, this paper presents development of a simple mathematical model, which can be used to evaluate potential bioethanol production capacity from pineapple waste under different input conditions. Based on an earlier experimental study, the mathematical model was developed depending on three contributing factors; pH, temperature and substrate concentration as considered in the earlier experimental study. Results from the developed mathematical formulation were compared with the experimental data from the earlier original study. It is found that the developed model is quite capable to estimate potential bioethanol productions from pineapple waste. Model estimated results are having a coefficient of correlation of 0.84 with the measured data. Standard errors of the model’s estimations are also quite low; RMSE = 0.49, MAE = 0.39 and RAE = 0.06. To facilitate a wider industrial generation, a basic mathematical model framework for economic analysis is proposed involving evaluation of net present values of expected future yields, as well as costs (initial and maintenance). Such mathematical model of economic analysis will help stakeholders on selecting optimum input parameters in achieving targeted benefit through optimised energy consumption.

Production of single cell protein by fungi from different food wastes

AbstractSingle-cell protein (SCP) which is derived from agricultural waste has recently drawn increased interest as a substitute source of protein to improve both human and animal nutrition. In this study, pineapple, orange, banana, sugarcane, and garlic wastes were prepared as substrates for SCP production using fungi under a liquid fermentation system. The fermentation conditions (temperature, pH, and nitrogen sources) of the most promising fungal isolates were optimized for maximum SCP production. Results obtained showed that Aspergillus niger with pineapple waste after 10 days gave the highest protein content (9.79 ± 0.11 g/L), followed by Penicillium citrinum with orange waste after 8 days (9.41 ± 0.15 g/L) and Penicillium crustosum with banana waste after 6 days (7.75 ± 0.11 g/L).The optimum fermentation temperature, pH value, and nitrogen source for SCP production were recorded at 30 °C, pH 4.3, and ammonium sulphate with Aspergillus niger; at 30 °C, pH 5.0, and ammonium sulphate with Penicillium citrinum; and at 20 °C, pH 5.0, and ammonium sulphate with Penicillium crustosum. Based on proximate analysis of SCP produced, fat content ranged from 2.74 ± 0.08∼10.73 ± 0.1%, fibers from 4.8 ± 0.18∼9.45 ± 0.15%, carbohydrates from 14.1 ± 0.06∼20.81 ± 0.06%, ash from 4.05 ± 0.05∼16.1 ± 0.2%, total phenols 0.14 ± 0.03∼0.64 ± 0.04%, and total flavonoids 0.09 ± 0.01∼0.55 ± 0.15%. The amino acid profile of SCP showed that all essential amino acids were present in significant amounts. This study recorded some fungal species as SCP producers for the first time and provided a significant amount of protein. Briefly, fungal SCP is a great protein source and other essential nutrients that may be used in food products. Graphical Abstract

Microbial production of dextran using pineapple waste extract: a two-step statistical optimization of submerged fermentation conditions and structural characterization

Microbial production of dextran using pineapple waste extract: a two-step statistical optimization of submerged fermentation conditions and structural characterization

Enzymatic conversion of pineapple plant stem starch and lignocellulosic materials into sugar syrups

Managing pineapple waste amid increasing demand is crucial and repurposing this waste offers a sustainable solution. Pineapple stems, an overlooked resource rich in starch and lignocellulosic materials, were explored in this study. Enzymatic hydrolysis was used to convert the stems into sugar syrup. Optimal conditions resulted in a sugar concentration of 107.88 ± 1.56 g/L from 10% starch, using 1% (v/v) Dextrozyme and Celluclast 1.5 L. Hydrolysis was most efficient at 70 °C for starch and 40 °C for lignocellulose. The produced syrups match high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in water activity, moisture content, and color, making them a promising alternative in food industry.

INFLUENCE OF SUBCRITICAL WATER PRETREATMENT TEMPERATURE ON PINEAPPLE WASTE BIOGAS EFFICIENCY: EXPERIMENTAL AND KINETIC STUDY

Anaerobic digestion of pineapple waste appears to be an effective method for non-renewable energy substitution through biogas production. The potential power generation from the exploitation of pineapple waste as fuel is estimated to be roughly 20.8 MW. Nevertheless, the intricate composition of pineapple waste, characterized by the complex arrangement of its structure, poses a significant challenge in attaining a substantial amount of biogas production. This study pretreated pineapple waste with subcritical water to increase biogas production. Two temperature settings (120⁰C and 200⁰C) were used for pretreatment. Combined pre-treatment at low temperatures and short time (120⁰C, 5 minutes, 10 water to solid ratio) resulted in 31.6% higher biogas production than untreated. However, pretreatment at high temperatures and longer reaction time (200⁰C,25 min) reduced the biogas production by 9% as compared to untreated. Using the Modified Gompertz kinetic model, pretreatment improved the lag phase and increased biogas production to 14.41 mL/day. The lignocellulosic composition of pre-treated pineapple waste decreased, while process parameters such as total ammonia nitrogen removal and pH improved after the pretreatment. Subcritical water pretreatment, particularly when conducted at high temperatures, did not yield any enhancements in the anaerobic digestion of pineapple waste. As a result, it is not advisable to employ this method for these purposes.

Correction: Physically processed waste pineapple leaf fibre for high performance composite with polypropylene

Correction: Physically processed waste pineapple leaf fibre for high performance composite with polypropylene

Effect of pineapple waste biochar and compost application on the growth and yield of pineapple varieties in Ghana

IntroductionBiochar is one of the commonly used soil amendments for sustainable agriculture. The effect of biochar on crop yields depends on the quality of the biochar, which is influenced by feedstock type and pyrolysis conditions. Sole application of pineapple waste biochar and compost, and their combination has not been rigorously investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of pineapple waste biochar and compost applied solely or in combination on growth and yield of pineapple on a coastal savanna Acrisol in Ghana.MethodsThe split-plot design with three replications was used, with pineapple varieties as the main plot and fertilizer application rates as the sub-plots.Results and discussionThe results showed that sole application of biochar and compost or their combination as a soil amendment increased pineapple growth and yield as compared to the unamended soil. Biochar applied in combination with compost/or inorganic NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) fertilizer significantly increased plant height and the number of leaves of pineapple plant, which resulted in improved fruits yield of the three (sugar loaf, MD2 and smooth cayenne) pineapple varieties at maturity over control, sole application of biochar, compost and inorganic NPK fertilizer. The Smooth cayenne variety outperformed MD2 and Sugar loaf variety.ConclusionIn conclusion, the results revealed that biochar applied solely or in addition to compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer has the capability to enhance soil quality and improve pineapple yield. Application of biochar in combination with compost/or inorganic NPK improves pineapple growth and yield.

Enhancing Bromelain Recovery from Pineapple By-Products: A Sustainable Approach for Value Addition and Waste Reduction.

Pineapple by-products are good sources of bromelain, a complex enzyme with commercial applications. This study evaluated the feasibility of producing bromelain powders from pineapple waste using an organic solvent-free approach. Pineapple by-products (from var. MD2), including cores, peels, crowns, stems, and basal stems, were homogenized with deionized water, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 4.5 and 9 (isoelectric points of fruit bromelain and stem bromelain), clarified, ultra-filtered, and freeze-dried to produce bromelain powders. The enzymatic activity of the bromelain powders was measured using the gelatin and casein digestion methods. The bromelain powders from the crowns did not show significant enzymatic activity (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, bromelain powders produced from the cores and peels had an enzymatic activity of 694 gelatin digesting units (GDU)/g and 124 casein digesting units (CDU)/mg, and 1179 GDU/g and 217 CDU/mg, respectively. Bromelain powders from the basal stems showed the highest enzymatic activity (2909 GDU/g and 717 CDU/mg). Increasing the pH of the liquid mixture before the purification and freeze drying significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the enzymatic activity of the bromelain powders. Using a practical and organic solvent-free approach, this study demonstrates the feasibility of producing bromelain powders with high enzymatic activity from pineapple waste.

Sustainable utilization of pineapple fruit waste as a potential source of regenerated cellulose for the development of high-strength paper

Regenerated cellulose (RC) was prepared from pineapple crown waste fiber (PCWF) with a yield of about 45 %. The RC was blended with hardwood pulp (HP) to improve the mechanical properties of the paper. The composite paper with improved tensile index from 16.87 ± 0.75 NN mm/g to 28.98 ± 1.2 NN mm/g and burst index from 0.974 ±0 .083 kkPaPa mm22/g to 1.827 ±0 .153 kkPaPa mm22/g was developed by blending 20 % RC with 80 % HP. It was calculated that the production of one tonne of RC generates about 130 m3 of wastewater and it can be recycled after treatment with electrocoagulation technique. After wastewater treatment, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced 84.8 %, total suspended solid (TSS) by 95.6 %, total dissolved solids (TDS) by 30.4 %, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by 95.8 %. Importantly, the recycling behavior by reusing/recycling the treated wastewater for the regeneration process was investigated and a yield of about 42 % of the RC was observed.

Fabrication of Cellulose Powder Dielectric Composite Material using Pineapple Leaves Fiber

Pineapple, known for its delicious taste and nutritional value, generates substantial waste in the form of cores, leaves, and skin, resulting in significant yearly accumulations. Efficient disposal of pineapple waste has become a critical challenge due to its increasing production and potential environmental pollution. The objective of this paper is to volarize natural fibre derived from pineapple waste by fabricating it into a new dielectric composite material. The fabrication process of dielectric composite material was achieved by using the optimization technique through Design Expert software, resulting in noteworthy findings. Then, the properties of the fabricated materials were analysed in terms of their permittivity value and elemental composition. The permittivity value of the newly fabricated dielectric materials was measured using the vector network analyser (VNA) method, while their elemental composition was characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The correlation between elemental composition and the permittivity value of newly fabricated composite materials is analysed in this paper. As a result, the dielectric composite material attained its highest permittivity (4.08) when composed of 76.02% carbon and 22.61% oxygen. Conversely, the material exhibited a lower permittivity value (2.87) when its carbon content decreased to 69.32% and its oxygen content increased to 29.81%. This outcome highlights the crucial role of carbon in absorbing and storing electromagnetic signals, influencing the dielectric properties of the material. In conclusion, this paper unveils a ground-breaking use for waste pineapple leaves, showcasing how their carbon content significantly affects the resulting dielectric composite material's permittivity. This innovative eco-friendly material presents a sustainable alternative for non-recyclable dielectric materials in electronic devices such as PCBs, antennas, and sensors, for example.

Data-driven intelligent modeling, optimization, and global sensitivity analysis of a xanthan gum biosynthesis process

In this study, the focus was to produce xanthan gum from pineapple waste using Xanthomonas campestris. Six machine learning models were employed to optimize fermentation time and key metabolic stimulants (KH2PO4 and NH4NO3). The production of xanthan gum was optimized using two evolutionary optimization algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm while the importance of input features was ranked using global sensitivity analysis. KH2PO4 was the most important input and was found to be beneficial for xanthan gum production, while a limited amount of nitrogen was needed. The extreme learning machine model was the most adequate for modeling xanthan gum production, predicting a maximum xanthan yield of 10.34 g/l (an 11.9 % increase over the control) at a fermentation time of 3 days, KH2PO4 of 15 g/l, and NH4NO3 of 2 g/l. This study has provided important insights into the intelligent modeling of a biostimulated process for valorizing pineapple waste.

Physically processed waste pineapple leaf fibre for high performance composite with polypropylene

Physically processed waste pineapple leaf fibre for high performance composite with polypropylene

Sustainable Materials with Improved Biodegradability and Toughness from Blends of Poly(Lactic Acid), Pineapple Stem Starch and Modified Natural Rubber.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), derived from renewable resources, plays a significant role in the global biodegradable plastic market. However, its widespread adoption faces challenges, including high brittleness, hydrophobicity, limited biodegradability, and higher costs compared to traditional petroleum-based plastics. This study addresses these challenges by incorporating thermoplastic pineapple stem starch (TPSS) and modified natural rubber (MNR) into PLA blends. TPSS, derived from pineapple stem waste, is employed to enhance hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and reduce costs. While the addition of TPSS (10 to 40 wt.%) marginally lowered mechanical properties due to poor interfacial interaction with PLA, the inclusion of MNR (1 to 10 wt.%) in the PLA/20TPSS blend significantly improved stretchability and impact strength, resulting in suitable modulus (1.3 to 1.7 GPa) and mechanical strength (32 to 52 MPa) for diverse applications. The presence of 7 wt.% MNR increased impact strength by 90% compared to neat PLA. The ternary blend exhibited a heterogeneous morphology with enhanced interfacial adhesion, confirmed by microfibrils and a rough texture on the fracture surface. Additionally, a downward shift in PLA's glass transition temperature (Tg) by 5-6 °C indicated improved compatibility between components. Remarkably, the PLA ternary blends demonstrated superior water resistance and proper biodegradability compared to binary blends. These findings highlight the potential of bio-based plastics, such as PLA blends with TPSS and MNR, to contribute to sustainable economic models and reduce environmental impact for using in plastic packaging applications.

Alternative Pineapple Fibre Advancement in Furniture Design

The pineapple fruit plant is widely used in Malaysian agriculture, and Malaysia is one of the top three countries for pineapple production. One of the issues with pineapple trees is leaf waste. Pineapple leaf waste takes a long time to decompose. The impact of pineapple leaf waste will be put into the sewer, allowed to rot, and then burned to eradicate it after harvest. The current study of pineapple leaf waste is used for innovation and development in manufacturing furniture as a new material. It is the primary underpinning of sustainable materials. Learn about the role of pineapple leaves from a different perspective. Relevant to this study, this innovative approach to pineapple waste is crucial for sustainable material furniture production in making part of a tabletop.

Extraction of Crude Bromelain from Pineapple (&lt;em&gt;Ananas comosus&lt;/em&gt; L.) Fruit Waste and it&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; Protein Digestibility

Purpose: Crude bromelain is abundant in pineapple fruit waste and is possible to use in shrimp farming. The objectives of this present study were to investigate extraction conditions and to evaluate in vitro protein digestibility of the shrimp feed supplemented with the crude bromelain extract.Research Method: Crude bromelain was extracted from pineapple fruit waste with either distilled water or tap water and the pH was adjusted, ranging from 5 to 9. The different ripeness stages and weight ratios of waste to water were further investigated. The highest proteolytic and specific proteolytic activities of the extract were selected for suitable extraction conditions. The in vitro protein digestibility of soybean meal and shrimp feed pretreated with crude bromelain extract was evaluated to determine their feasibility to use in shrimp farming.Findings: The crude bromelain derived from the pH 7 preboiled tap water extract exhibited the highest values of both proteolytic activities. The weight ratio of fruit waste to water of 1:0.5 and a ripeness stage of more than 50% yellow peel were the conditions suitable to obtain the highest values of both activities. The in vitro protein digestibility of shrimp feed pretreated with crude bromelain was 68.68 ± 2.70 %, which indicated promotion capability for protein digestion in shrimp during shrimp farming.Research Limitations: A suitable crushing tool for pineapple peel was not available. Therefore, the fragments after crushing the peel were not consistent. Originality/Value: The crude bromelain can be extracted with tap water and used to supplement shrimp feed for the promotion of digestibility.

Potential Heterogenous Catalyst from Pineapple waste for Biodiesel Production

Biodiesel is a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuels due to its potential to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, the utilization of waste biomass materials for the production of fuels and other energy products has been explored. In this current study, a potential heterogeneous solid catalyst was obtained from pineapple waste peels and graphite oxide (GO). Its potential for transesterification in biodiesel production was investigated using the impregnation mass ratio of 1 GO: 3 pineapple waste. The methanol to coconut oil molar ratio of 18:1, impregnation temperature of 80 °C and H3PO4 activating agent were found to yield the highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 53.71%.

Biogas Production from the Co- and Tri-digestion of Pineapple Wastes with Food Wastes and Pig Manure

Biogas Production from the Co- and Tri-digestion of Pineapple Wastes with Food Wastes and Pig Manure

One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) Optimization of Victoria Blue R Dye Biodegradation by Pineapple Waste Garbage Enzymes

Victoria blue R is a cationic triphenylmethane dye usually released from textile industries and reported to exhibit mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the capability of pineapple waste garbage enzymes to biodegrade the Victoria blue R dye using One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) optimization under the effect of Victoria blue R dye concentration (0.02 to 0.10 mg/mL), pH (1 to 7), and temperature (25°C to 49°C) via Design Expert 7.0 software. The results show that pineapple waste garbage enzymes gave the highest decolorization efficiency at a concentration of 0.07 mg/mL of Victoria blue R dye, pH 4.74, and 40.4°C. The ANOVA analysis suggests all models are quadratic, and the R-Squared values for the factors are 0.92, 0.95 and 0.92 for the concentration of Victoria blue R dye, pH and temperature, respectively. This work proposed that pineapple waste garbage enzymes can effectively remove Victoria blue R dye in wastewater applications.