Pineapple Fruit Research Articles

Elucidation of pineapple softening based on cell wall polysaccharides degradation during storage

The degradation of cell wall polysaccharides in pineapple fruit during softening was investigated in the present study. Two pectin fractions and two hemicellulose fractions were extracted from the cell wall materials of ‘Comte de Paris’ pineapple fruit at five softening stages, and their compositional changes were subsequently analyzed. The process of softening of the fruit corresponded to an increase in the water-soluble pectin (WSP) and 1 M KOH-soluble hemicellulose (HC1) fractions, and a decrease in the acid-soluble pectin (ASP) fraction, which suggested the solubilization and conversion of cellular wall components. However, the content of 4 M KOH-soluble hemicellulose (HC2) decreased and then returned to the initial level. Furthermore, WSP, ASP, and HC1 showed an increment in the content of low molecular weight polymers while a decline in the high molecular weight polymers throughout softening, and not significant change in the contents of different molecular polymers of HC2 was observed. Moreover, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content in the main chain of WSP was maintained at a relatively constant level, but the major branch monosaccharide galactose (Gal) in WSP decreased. Different from WSP, the molar percentages of Gal and GalA in ASP decreased. The Gal or Arabinose (Ara) in HC1 exhibited a gradual decline while the molar percentages of xylose (Xyl) and glucose (Glu) in the main chain increased. These suggested that the main chain of ASP degraded while the branched chains of ASP, WSP and HC1 depolymerized during pineapple softening. Overall, fruit softening of ‘Comte de Paris’ pineapple was found to be the result of differential modification of pectin and hemicellulose.

Antitumor Properties of Bromelain Loaded Trastuzumab Conjugated Niosomes in HER2+ Breast Cancer Cells

There are multiple forms of treatment for cancer treatment, but since the treatment process also damages healthy cells. Accordingly, in recent years, in the light of nanotechnological studies, cancer cell targeted drugs known as smart drugs have attracted attention. Niosome is one of the preferred nanoparticle systems in these studies. Bromelain is a protease mixture obtained from the pineapple stem or fruit. In recent years, it has been shown in many cell types that it has anticancer properties due to its proteolytic activity. In this study, bromelain was encapsulated into niosomes with 32±2.9% efficiency for the treatment of breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer in women. Specific targeting of niosome-encapsulated bromelain to HER2+ SKBR-3 cell line was performed by trastuzumab (herceptin) conjugation. DLS, FTIR, XPS, TEM were used for particle characterization. Niosomes (Nio) showed particle size of 134.3±8.1nm, Bromelain loaded niosomes (Nio-Br) showed particle size of 165.6±11.5nm. As a result of TEM analysis, it was shown that morphologically spherical and targeted sizes of niosomes of approximately 100nm were synthesized. FTIR and XPS analyzes were performed to confirm pegylation and trastuzumab conjugation. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies of Nio-Br, Nio-Br-PEG-Tra, Tra samples carried out in SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Determined IC50 values of final product on SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines respectively 77.51±5.39 μg/mL and 238.1±16.62 μg/mL. As a result of in vitro studies, final product is more toxic on HER2+ SKBR-3 cell line thanks to trastuzumab in structure. At the same time final product has more apoptotic effect connected to toxic characteristic. Formed molecule in this study was designed for HER2+ breast cancer cells. According to obtained in vitro experiment results, this designed molecule has potential to be drug delivery system for HER2+ breast cancer.

Re-harvest application of 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid on pineapple plants

The application of plant regulators such as exogenous auxin may provide effects on the translocation of carbohydrates to plant sinks, which may result in larger parthenocarpic fruits. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of the application of 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid on the growth and quality of pineapple fruits. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design. After floral induction, 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (CPA) was applied directly on the inflorescences at the following doses: 0 mg L-1; 40.0 mg L-1; 80.0 mg L-1; 120.0 mg L-1 and 160.0 mg L-1. Growth evaluations continued until 84 days after application, measuring fruit length (cm) with and without crown, crown length (cm), leaf D dry matter, fruit weight with and without crown (g), calculating if also, the absolute and relative growth rates. The post-harvest and quality characteristics of the fruits were also evaluated, as well as the harvest index. The application of CPA significantly reduces the length and weight of the crown of the fruits, however, the exogenous application of auxin provided an increase in the weight of the fruit. Regarding the post-harvest analysis, the application of CPA reduced the content of soluble solids in the fruit pulp.

The Antimicrobial Efficacy and Quality Changes in Pineapple Juice Treated with Natural Preservatives

The study investigated effects of natural preservatives on the quality of fresh pineapple fruit juice. The natural preservatives used are ginger, garlic, moringa seed and cloves and were processed into powder. The treatment of pineapple with the natural preservatives was at a concentration of 20% with 3 minutes dipping time. The enumeration and identification of microorganisms on the fresh pineapple fruit, shows that the total bacteria count was 1.8×105 colony forming unit per gram (CFU/g) and 4.6×103 CFU/g respectively. The identified bacteria are staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus spp and identified fungi were Aspergillus Niger, penicillin spp and Aspergillus perfrigens respectively. Moringa seed extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, with zones of inhibitions (ZOIs) of 16 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 15 mm against Streptococcus spp. Garlic (GL) showed the least antibacterial activity among the natural preservative samples, with 9mm zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and 4 mm against Streptococcus spp. Clove extract displayed significant antibacterial activity, with 14 mm zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and 19 mm against Streptococcus spp. Ginger extract exhibited slight antibacterial activity, with zones of inhibition of 4 mm against both bacterial strains. Chemical composition of the treated pineapple juice result ranges from 0.77-0.865% TTA, 64.12-63.10 Vit C, 26.50-25.06 Brix Content,3.20-3.39 pH and 13.23-13.17 TSS respectively. The control (100% pineapple Juice) displayed balanced properties serving as an effective baseline3. Storage studies, ambient stored samples were analyzed at 0 day and 21 days intervals. All samples were subjected to standard analytical methods. Results showed increase in number of bacteria and fungi with increase in the number of days. The use of cloves, garlic, ginger, and moringa seeds as natural antimicrobial agents in pineapple juice is effective in controlling microbial growth, thus enhancing the safety and shelf life of the juice. These treatments also influence the chemical and sensory properties of the juice, contributing to consumer acceptability.

Pelatihan pembuatan minuman probiotik fermentasi dari limbah kulit nanas (Ananas comosus L.) di Desa Seruawan

Pineapple skin is an ingredient that can be processed into a probiotic drink. The biggest component of pineapple peel waste besides water is carbohydrates. Pineapple skin can be a good substrate as a source of microbial growth. Pineapple skin can reach 47% of the total fruit and has a chemical composition of 87.80% water, 8.60% sugar and 1.35% reducing sugar. The potential chemical content of pineapple skin has encouraged many researchers to create fermented prebiotic drink products. The ingredients used in making pineapple peel fermented probiotic drinks include: pineapple fruit, fermented yeast, water, palm sugar, cinnamon and granulated sugar. This community service activity was carried out with the aim of educating the public about how to make pineapple peel prebiotic drinks for household scale. There is a need for training in making fermented prebiotic drinks from pineapple peel in local communities. This training will be carried out for the community in Seruawan village, Seram Island, Maluku.

A novel method for the degradation of human blood clot by immobilised bromelain using multi-walled carbon nanotube and polyphenol oxidase

Pathological blood clot in blood vessels, which often leads to cardiovascular diseases, are one of the most common causes of death in humans. Therefore, enzymatic therapy to degrade blood clots is vital. To achieve this goal, bromelain was immobilized and used for the biodegradation of blood clots. Bromelain was extracted from the pineapple fruit pulp (Ananas comosus) and purified by ion exchange chromatography after precipitation with ammonium sulphate (0-80 %), resulting in a yield of 70%, purification fold of 1.42, and a specific activity of 1175 U/mg. Bromelain was covalently immobilized on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), with an enzyme loading of 71.35%. The results of the characterization of free and immobilized bromelain demonstrated that the optimum pH for free and immobilized bromelain activity was 7.0, while the pH range of stability was from 5.0 to 8.5 and 4.0 to 9.0, respectively. The optimum temperature for free and immobilized bromelain activity was 45ºC, whereas the stability was 15 to 50°C and 15 to 55°C, respectively. The immobilized bromelain activity was decreased after the fifth reuse, and the storage period of the free and immobilized bromelain was decreased after 6 and 123 days, respectively. Casein was the best substrate-free bromelain, and fibrin was the best substrate for immobilized bromelain. The results of the purification of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) from potatoes by ion exchange chromatography gave a yield of about 54 %, a purification fold of 1.27, and a specific activity of 2804 U/mg. The current study showed that the immobilized bromelain can significantly biodegrade human blood clots in vitro, while the PPO enzyme has no significant effect on blood clots.

Phytochemical profiling of Ananas comosus fruit via UPLC-MS and its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities: In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approach

Ananas comosus [L.] is one of the most appreciated sources of metabolites for nutraceuticals and therapeutics. Traditional use of A. comosus fruit as anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agents warrants scientific validation. A. comosus fruit is well-known for its polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity that pose it good candidate in alleviating arthritis. This study aims to investigate the potential of A. comosus fruit as anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory agent using different approaches in an attempt to reveal the underlying mechanism of action in accordance to its phytoconstituents. Results revealed that total ethanol extract of A. comosus (TEA) has potent in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Also, TEA (500 and 1000 mg/kg) manifested promising in vivo anti-arthritic activity by alleviating paw edema to only 20.2 and 16.4% increase, respectively. High dose of TEA showed significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers reverting IL- 6 to near normal value (46.93 pg/mL). TEA reversed the induced histopathological damage caused by the adjuvant and inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. UPLC/QTOF-MS-MS was carried out for metabolite profiling with a total of 53 metabolites identified including hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), their depsides, glycerides and glycosides derivatives together with hydroxybenzoic acid glycosides, and amino acids. In silico studies displayed inhibitory potential against TNF-α for most of studied HCA derivatives especially dicinnamoyl glycerides and methoxylated HCA. This study is considered the first pharmacological validation of pineapple fruit traditional use. These observed results are attributed to TEA metabolite profile that exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics and drug likeness properties, suggesting their potential as lead drugs.

Bioethanol production from pineapple fruit waste juice using bakery yeast

The declining oil production stemming from decreasing raw material reserves has clashes with rising demands and has created a supply-demand gap in the overall energy sector. Excessive consumption of fossil fuel oil exacerbates environmental issues, potentially leading to global climate change and increased natural disasters. Consequently, there are efforts in looking for alternate renewable fuel sources. The study included physical pre-treatment, natural hydrolysis, natural fermentation, fermentation of pineapple waste juice using bakery yeast, and subsequent distillation. The pineapple wastes produced juice with 12.67 °Brix and pH range of 3.16–3.18. The present study reports bioethanol production from pineapple waste mixed with bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and pineapple wastes juice without bakery yeast, revealing that the yeast-amended mixture yielded bioethanol with alcohol content of 45 % compared to 36 % from pineapple juice alone. Re-distillation enhanced bioethanol content from 25 % - 45 %–85 % which aligns well with E85 fuel specifications, indicating bioethanol's suitability as fuel. Thus, bioethanol derived from pineapple fruit wastes presents a promising renewable energy solution. This study investigates the production of bioethanol from pineapple waste juice by comparing two methods: one using bakery yeast and the other without yeast. Both methods are conducted at room temperature to evaluate their efficiency and effectiveness in converting pineapple waste juice into bioethanol.

Moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas alkalicola strain Ext as a platform for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer production with fruit peels residues as sole carbon source

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are synthesized by a variety of microorganisms as intracellular storage granules under imbalanced nutrition and excess carbon. Carbon sources are key contributors to the high cost of PHA production, hence the need for exploration of cheap and sustainable raw materials for bacteria fermentation. In the present study, Halomonas alkalicola strain Ext isolated from a hypersaline lake in Kenya was assessed for its ability to utilize fruit peels hydrolysates (FPH) as sole carbon sources for PHA production. Sugars were extracted from dried peels of banana, mango, orange, and pineapple fruits through mechanical pretreatment and dilute acid hydrolysis. Fruit peels pretreated with 3 % H2SO4 at 121℃ were utilized for shake flask fermentation to produce PHAs by Halomonas alkalicola Ext. At optimal C:N ratios of between 20:1 and 30:1, the bacterium could produce up to 0.45±0.03, 0.394±0.12, 0.39±0.05, and 0.28±0.0 g/L of PHAs from hydrolysates of orange peels, mango peels, banana peels, and pineapple peels, respectively. A maximum PHA content of 16.92 % was achieved on orange peels hydrolysates with 4 % substrate loading. Monomer analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the bacterium produced a copolymer Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) contents of 5.77 %, 6.08 %, 6.79 %, 6.845 %, for orange peels, pineapple peels, mango peels and banana peels substrates, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that fruit peels waste is a potential feedstock for sustainable production of PHAs by Halomonas alkalicola.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Chewing Pineapple and Jicama on Reducing Debris Index in Sidoarjo: A Quasi-Experimental Study

ABSTRACT School-age children aged between 6-12 years are one of the groups most vulnerable to experiencing dental and oral health problems. In school-age children, consuming sticky foods tends to stick to their teeth and can cause dental problems. Debris is food waste that contains bacteria. Different from plaque and white material, debris is easier to clean. Chewing fibrous foods is a natural way to control plaque or debris. Fibrous and watery foods such as pineapple and jicama fruit can clean the surface of the teeth by chewing them. because these fruits have the ability to clean teeth which have self-cleaning capabilities. Research Objective: This study aims to determine the difference in the effectiveness of chewing pineapple and jicama fruit on reducing the debris index in class V students at SDN Pagerwojo Sidoarjo. Method: The type of research carried out was Quasi Experimental with a pretest and posttest design. The subjects of this research consisted of 86 class V students at SDN Pagerwojo. The data collection method uses a debris index inspection sheet by making direct observations of respondents. The data analysis technique used is the Shapiro-Wilk test if the data is normally distributed, if the data is not normally distributed using the Wilcoxson test. Results: The results of the research that has been carried out can be concluded that there is a difference in the effectiveness of chewing pineapple and jicama fruit in reducing index debris, that chewing jicama fruit is more effective in reducing index debris than chewing pineapple fruit.

Use of pineapple peel for the formulation of cookies and crackers

Food waste occurs worldwide and its highest rate takes place in the fruit and vegetable sector. The industrialization of pineapple fruit generates many agro-industrial residues, which possess significant amounts of fibers, minerals and vitamins. This work aimed to develop cookie and cream cracker formulations enriched with flour from pineapple peel (PPF). Two formulations were produced for each type of biscuit: conventional one and with the adding of 20% PPF. The formulations were evaluated physicochemically/nutritionally (moisture, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fiber, ash, minerals, pH and acidity) and sensorially (color, aroma, flavor texture, global impression and purchase intent). The addition of PPF promoted changes in pH, acidity, lipids, fibers and minerals. The cookies and crackers produced with 20% PPF may be classified as a source of fiber. The addiction of PPF allowed FCR and FCO to be classified as “high content” for the following minerals: Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe, while FCR may be also classified as “high content” of Ca. The addition of peel did not affect the sensory acceptance of the products and purchase intention. Thus, the addition of PPF to food products formulations is an alternative to the use of pineapple processing residues, since it was used as ingredients on nutritionally enriched.

Quantitative Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Toxic Heavy Metal Levels (Pb and Mn) in Pineapple, Papaya, Banana and Mango Fruit Purchased from Tepi Market

This study aimed to analyze the composition and safety of commonly consumed fruits, namely pineapples, papaya, banana, and mango, and evaluate their suitability as part of a balanced diet. The fruits were assessed for moisture content, ash content, and heavy metal concentrations, specifically lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn). The moisture content values obtained for pineapple (81.3% ± 0.8), papaya (75.8% ± 1), banana (76% ± 0.5), and mango (83.8% ± 1) indicate varying levels of water content in these fruits. In terms of ash content, the values measured for pineapple (0.66% ± 1), papaya (1% ± 0.5), banana (1.6% ± 1), and mango (2.3% ± 1) indicate the ash content present in these fruits. The concentrations of lead and manganese in the fruit samples were within acceptable ranges, with values for lead ranging from 0.04 ppm to 0.08 ppm, and values for manganese ranging from 0.002 ppm to 0.006 ppm. These results assure the safety of these fruits for consumption. However, further research is recommended to explore factors affecting fruit composition, such as varietal differences and environmental conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of sourcing fruits from reputable suppliers and practicing proper fruit handling and storage. Overall, including these fruits in a balanced diet provides essential nutrients and contributes to a healthy lifestyle. Continuous monitoring and research are crucial to ensure the quality and safety of these fruits for long-term consumption.

Mulching practices alter soil moisture, physico-chemical properties and pineapple (Smooth cayenne) yield

This field experiment was conducted in Chichu Kebele in the Dilla Zuria area from 2020 to 2023. The objective of the experiment was to determine the optimal mulching strategy for enhancing soil fertility and pineapple production by comparing three treatments (grass mulch, plastic mulch, and farmers’ practices without any mulch) using a RCB (Randomized Complete Block) design. The study’s findings showed that the treatments with plastic mulch had the greatest soil moisture content values (18.41%), while the treatments with no mulch had the lowest values (11.39%). Compared to mulched treatments, pineapple planted without mulch had the greatest bulk density values (1.43 g/cm3). Total nitrogen and organic carbon has increase by 34 and 25%, respectively due to plastic mulching. However, total nitrogen and organic carbon has increase by 43 and 37.5%, respectively due to grass mulching. Fruit length was larger by 42.7 and 33.2%, respectively due to plastic and grass mulch compared to the control. However, fruit girth was wider by 54.1 and 43.8%, respectively due to plastic and grass mulches compared to the control. The pineapple with the most fruit yield (71.39 t/ha), fruit length (17.4 cm), fruit girth (46.67 cm), and sucker number (15 pieces) was obtained using plastic mulching. However, pineapple grown without mulch had the lowest yield ever noted. Plastic mulch outperformed farmers’ practices and grass mulching in terms of conserving soil moisture, which increased yield and yield characteristics. For the baseline, the marginal rate of return generated by the plastic and grass mulch treatments was 118.5 and 93.65%, respectively. Thus, the study’s best recommendation for improving soils and achieving a high pineapple fruit yield is to grow pineapples using plastic mulch.

The Potential Therapeutic Role of Bromelin in Pineapple Fruit for Cholesterol: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Background: A main risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses is high cholesterol, which causes 3.6 million deaths yearly by WHO, 2022. Reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes depends on lowering cholesterol. Recent research indicates that pineapple's bromelain enzyme might help reduce cholesterol levels. This review examines bromelain's potential application in cholesterol management and its effect on cholesterol metabolism. Objectives: This literature review aims to explore bromelin in pineapple fruit for cholesterol. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords like cholesterol, lipid metabolism, bromelin and pineapple. We included accessible articles in Bahasa Indonesia or English, including research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and literature reviews. Discussion: Bromelain found in pineapple fruit can decrease cholesterol and triglyceride production due to its effects on lipid metabolism, heart function, and anti-inflammatory effects. This is due to their ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase production, an important enzyme involved in the liver's cholesterol synthesis. Conclusion: Bromelin has significant therapeutic potential for reducing cholesterol, especially as a natural supplement to resist lipid-lowering treatments for people who cannot tolerate statins. We need to conduct further research to determine the clinical effectiveness of combination therapy.

The Potential Analysis of the Pineapple Chips Household Business in Kuala Alam Village

Pineapple Fruit Chips is one of the creations of processed pineapple fruit into snacks. This study aims to determine the potential of the pineapple chips business, determine the results of the analysis of the potential of pineapple chips with SWOT analysis and how the strategy optimises the potential to develop the pineapple chips business run by Bumdes Kuala Alam. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods by conducting interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses SWOT analysis, IFAS and EFAS matrix. The results of this study show an IFAS score value of 3.67 which identifies a strong internal position, while the EFAS score value is 3.2 which indicates that pineapple chips respond to existing opportunities and avoid threats in the market. Analysis of the potential of pineapple chips products developed at BUMDes Kuala Alam shows that this product is in a favourable condition, located in quadrant I which indicates growth. Strength factors are more dominant than weaknesses, while the influence of opportunity factors is greater than threats. This conclusion provides a strategic foundation for BUMDes Kuala Alam in developing and marketing pineapple chips products effectively and sustainably.

Relationship between the incidence of sunburn fruits of pineapple ´MD-2´ and its morpho-physiological and biochemical development

Relationship between the incidence of sunburn fruits of pineapple ´MD-2´ and its morpho-physiological and biochemical development

Qualitative Microbiological Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Fruits Sold in Selected Areas of Kaduna Metropolis

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study assesses the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat pineapple and watermelon fruits sold in Kaduna Metropolis by systematically assessing bacterial and fungal contamination levels across multiple locations. The research identified a range of bacterial isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as fungal isolates such as Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Penicillium sp., and Mucor sp. The findings highlight significant variations in contamination levels, emphasizing the need for improved hygienic and safe packaging practices among vendors to mitigate public health risks. Full Abstract This study assessed the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat pineapple and watermelon fruits sold in selected areas of Kaduna Metropolis. A total of 30 samples (15 each) of ready-to-eat pineapple and watermelon fruits were purchased in a randomized manner from three distinct locations, namely Tudun Wada, Ungwan Muazu, and Ungwan Sarki in Kaduna Metropolis. The samples were carefully collected to prevent contaminations and were placed in sterile polythene bags. The preparation and microbiological analysis of all samples were conducted using established microbiological protocols. The pineapple sample obtained from the Tudun Wada region exhibited the highest bacterial mean count, measuring 8.76 x 104, while the watermelon sample from Ungwan Sarki exhibited the lowest bacterial mean count, measuring 5.72 x 104. The bacterial isolates identified in this study included Staphylococcus aureus, various species of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pseudomonas, while the fungal isolates identified included Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Penicillium sp., and Mucor sp. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterium in both samples, accounting for 8 occurrences (26.6%) in pineapple and 7 occurrences (23.3%) in watermelon. Bacillus species were also present, with 4 instances (13.3%) in pineapple and 5 instances (16.6%) in watermelon. Lactobacillus was found in 2 pineapple samples (6.6% of total) and 3 watermelon samples (10% of total). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was minimally detected in only 1 pineapple sample (3.3%). No detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in watermelon. These findings suggest that fresh-cut fruits (enclosed in plastic containers or nylon) sold in T/wada, U/muazu, and U/sarki areas of Kaduna metropolis exhibit substandard microbiological quality, posing potential risks to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the hygienic and safe packaging practices employed by these vendors to mitigate possible adverse health consequences.

Mesoporous pineapple crown-derived activated carbon modified matrix for the detection of carbendazim in the presence of anionic surfactant

Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) are commonly employed in electroanalysis because of their chemical stability, broad electrochemical window, low capacitive current, ease of fabrication, and surface renewability. Electrocatalysts can easily be embedded into CPEs to make them suitable for a variety of applications. Poor biowaste management presents a significant challenge in the agro-industry and agriculture due to the rapid decomposition of biowaste, driven by its high water content and limited biological stability, which leads to pest attraction and greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, this green waste can be utilized for the development of electrocatalysts. Activated carbon (AC) has been utilized in progressive electrochemical applications as it exhibits high conductivity and porosity that help to enhance electrocatalytic activity. Herein, pineapple fruit crown (PC) peel-derived AC (PCAC) is utilized as the sensing material for the determination of fungicide, carbendazim (CBM). The synthesized material was characterized using SEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, AFM, CV and EIS. Besides, to enhance the surface properties, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant is used as a mediator in detecting CBM. The CV and SWV approaches were employed to assess the electrochemical response of the developed electrodes for the CBM determination. Under optimum experimental conditions, the SDS/PCAC/CPE exhibits low DLim and QLim values of 32.0 nM and 128.0 nM with considerable selectivity. Furthermore, the SDS/PCAC/CPE was employed in real-time analysis of CBM in spiked environmental samples, which showed satisfying recovery results. Moreover, the electrode showed good stability over multiple measurements, and these results demonstrate that SDS/PCAC/CPE is a promising sensor for CBM detection.

Testing Antioxidant Activity of Pineapple (Ananas Comossus Merr.) Rinds Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method

Pineapple (Ananas comossus Merr.) is one of the plants that is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. This plant content vitamin C and antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to identify the class of secondary metabolite compounds and determine the antioxidant activity of pineapple fruit peel. Antioxidant activity testing on pineapple fruit peel was conducted using UV-Vis spectophotometric method with wavelength of 514 nm. The identification of secondary metabolite compounds showed that the methanol extract of pineapple fruit peel contains alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, tannin and saponin compounds. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of pineapple fruit peel carried out by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldhydrazyl) method shows IC50 value of 92.87 ppm with strong category, while vitamin C as a comparison has IC50 value of 9.31 ppm with very strong category. This is due to the pineapple fruit peel containing high levels of vitamin C. In addition, pineapple fruit peel contains secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids, phenols and tannins which are a class of polyphenolic compounds.

Research Status and Development Trend of Key Technologies for Pineapple Harvesting Equipment: A Review

Pineapple harvesting is a key step in pineapple field production. At present, pineapple fruits are usually picked manually. With decreasing labor resources and increasing production costs, machines have been used instead of manual picking approaches in the modern pineapple industry. This paper briefly describes the basic situation of pineapple planting worldwide. Based on the degree of automation of mechanized pineapple harvesting equipment, the main structural forms, core technologies, and operation modes of semi-automatic, automatic, and intelligent pineapple harvesting equipment are summarized. The research status and existing problems of key pineapple fruit picking robots, such as fruit recognition, maturity classification, positioning, and separation of pineapple fruits, are analyzed. Considering the problems of pineapple harvesting equipment, such as difficulty entering the ground, low harvesting efficiency, low picking success rate, and fruit damage, innovative future research directions for mechanized pineapple harvesting technology are proposed, such as combining agricultural machinery and agronomical principles, integrating mechanized, automated, and intelligent technology, and developing modular designs and generalized approaches.