Abstract
Background: A main risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses is high cholesterol, which causes 3.6 million deaths yearly by WHO, 2022. Reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes depends on lowering cholesterol. Recent research indicates that pineapple's bromelain enzyme might help reduce cholesterol levels. This review examines bromelain's potential application in cholesterol management and its effect on cholesterol metabolism. Objectives: This literature review aims to explore bromelin in pineapple fruit for cholesterol. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords like cholesterol, lipid metabolism, bromelin and pineapple. We included accessible articles in Bahasa Indonesia or English, including research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and literature reviews. Discussion: Bromelain found in pineapple fruit can decrease cholesterol and triglyceride production due to its effects on lipid metabolism, heart function, and anti-inflammatory effects. This is due to their ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase production, an important enzyme involved in the liver's cholesterol synthesis. Conclusion: Bromelin has significant therapeutic potential for reducing cholesterol, especially as a natural supplement to resist lipid-lowering treatments for people who cannot tolerate statins. We need to conduct further research to determine the clinical effectiveness of combination therapy.
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