Pine Tar Oil Research Articles

The Effect of Adding Pine Tar Oil and Petrosin as Tackifier Ingredients on The Quality of Liquid Rubber Compound-based Adhesives

This research is focused on the development of adhesives through the utilization of different types of tackifiers. The primary raw materials employed comprise 60% concentrated latex, which is subsequently blended with additives that have been dispersed, including KOH as a stabilizing agent, stearic acid and ZnO as activators, BHT as an antioxidant, CaCO3 as a filler, MBTS (Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide) and TMTD (Tetramethyl Thiuram Disulphide) as accelerators, and sulfur as a vulcanizing agent. This research explored two specific variations of tackifiers: pine tar oil and petrosin. The characterization of the adhesives encompasses an analysis of acidity (pH), viscosity, adhesive strength, functional group analysis using FTIR, thermal properties, and XRD. The research findings showed that the optimal conditions were achieved in the third variation of the adhesive, with the same ratio of pine tar oil tackifier and petrosin of 4 grams each. In this particular variation, adhesives conforming to the SNI 12- 7195-2006 standards were produced, displaying an adhesion strength of 1.506 N/mm, a viscosity of 1075 cP, and a pH level of 4.6. Furthermore, thermal testing results reveal that the adhesive created with tackifier (V3) exhibits thermal resistance up to 350°C, a glass transition temperature of 354°C, and a melting point of 378°C.

Performance Evaluation of Green Cushion Gum Composite Formulated Based on Hybrid Filler and Curing System

Cushion gum is a type of rubber composite material used as adhesive in the manufacture of retread tires. Therefore, cushion gum should have good processability and mechanical characteristics, particularly tensile property, and adhesion strength. The effect of hybrid filler and curing system on the performance of green cushion gum composite was investigated to determine the appropriate green cushion gum formula designed at a laboratory scale. The content of CB N330/lignin in hybrid filler was arranged at 40/10 phr and 50/10 phr. Meanwhile, the curing system was performed semi-efficient (CBS/S 1.6/1.6 phr) and conventional (CBS/S 1.6/2.2 phr). Green cushion gum composite was also formulated using pine tar oil as a bio plasticizer. Referred to the curing characteristic and mechanical property test result, it showed that green cushion gum composite formula coded by RF1 which composed of CB N330/lignin as 50/10 phr and applied conventional curing system which ratio of CBS/S as 1.6/2.2 phr was regarded as the acceptable combination in designing green cushion gum composite formula. Higher CB N330 loading in hybrid filler composition and conventional curing system attributed to the relatively high crosslink density indicated by MH-ML value. Consequently, green cushion gum composite was obtained using the RF1 formula that has a better optimum curing time accompanied by good tensile property and adhesion strength. The composite was also comparable to conventional commercial cushion gum.

Carbon Black and Lignin Hybrid Filler in Designing NR Based Cushion Gum Composite Formulation

Lignin has high potential to be used as rubber cushion gum compound ingredient due to its unique properties. Cushion gum is an adhesive used to bind a new tread to the surface of used tires in a retread tire factory. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of hybrid filler consisting of carbon black and lignin in affecting the physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) based cushion gum composite. The composition of carbon black/lignin was arranged at 40/10 phr and 35/15 phr. Carbon black grade N220, N330, and N550 were used in this research. Meanwhile, the lignin was specifically in the form of sodium lignosulfonate. The cushion gum compound was also formulated with the addition of pine tar oil as bio-based plasticizer. Commercial cushion gum was used as a comparison. The result showed that the hybrid filled NR cushion gum composite with N330/lignin at 40/10 (coded as SP2) was the most appropriate formula. Compared to commercial cushion gum, the SP2 hybrid filled cushion gum had comparable or even better processability and mechanical properties, attributed to high crosslink density. The excellent adhesive strength of the SP2 NR cushion gum composite was due to the presence of high content of the phenolic functional group in lignin and pine tar oil.

Natural rubber-based cushion gum compound formulation at various type and dosage of rubber processing oil and tackifier resin

Cold retreading technique dominates retreaded tire manufacturing process. The technique applies rubber cushion gum compound as adhesion medium to bond new tread with a worn old tire. High-quality cushion gum compound mainly requires good adhesive strength. Tackiness of the rubber compound can be improved by addition of tackifier resin and rubber processing oil (RPO). The research was aimed to evaluate the performance of various types and dosages of tackifier resin and bio-based RPO to physic-mechanical properties of cushion gum. A method in the manufacture of natural rubber-based cushion gum compound was in accordance with ASTM D 3182. Cushion gum rubber compound formula was designed by using bio-based RPO such as pine tar oil at 5 and 12 phr and three types of tackifier resin such as rosin resin, phenolic resin, and hydrocarbon resin at 3 and 7 phr. Petroleum-based RPO and commercial cushion gum were selected as reference material. Curing characteristic and physic-mechanical properties test results were used as a reference to determine cushion gum quality. The observation during experiment indicated that natural rubber-based cushion gum compound formulated with addition of 5 phr rosin resin and 5 phr pine tar oil (code ZH4) has the closest curing characteristic and physic-mechanical properties to commercial cushion gum.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Pine Tar on Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study.

Periodontal pathogens play an important role in etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis. Microbiological examination of sub gingival plaque is used at the present time in etiological research as well as in clinical treatment of periodontitis to select the appropriate antibiotic agent if indicated. Pine tar has been used for the treatment of various skin diseases. So the study was done to evaluate the effect of Pine Tar oil on bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients. Plaque samples from volunteer patients were collected using sterile paper points. Robertson's Cooked Meat (RCM) medium was used for the transportation and cultivation of aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic microorganisms. The result suggests the use of Pine tar oil for topical application in periodontal diseases. Disc diffusion analysis was sufficient enough to illustrate that 75 µl tar oil solution produced growth inhibition of microbial strains. Pine tar oil has become one of the important areas of research both in pharmaceutical and periodontal research, hence in vivo studies has to be carried out with various form of pine tar.

Synthesis of Hydrophenanthrene Natural Products. An Improved Synthesis of 13-Substituted Dehydroabietane Derivatives from Dehydroabietic Acid

Abstract An improved overall synthesis of 13-carboxydeisopropyldehydro-abietanes from dehydroabietic acid is reported. This important synthetic intermediate is obtained in greater than 20% overall yield, an almost tenfold increase in the yield obtained using previously published procedures. The first synthesis of 15-hydroxydehydroabietanol, a natural product isolated from pine tar oil and an intermediate in the preparation of the title compound, has been accomplished.

Attractiveness of Pine-Tar Oil in Baits for Codling Moth Control

Attractiveness of Pine-Tar Oil in Baits for Codling Moth Control

Repellency of Pine-Tar Oil to Wound-Infesting Blowflies

Repellency of Pine-Tar Oil to Wound-Infesting Blowflies

New Sprays Effective in the Control of the Locust Borer

Results are presented of tests of sprays for the control of the locust borer ( Cyllene Robiniae Forst.), particularly on shade trees and in small plantations. Attention was paid to the effects of the sprays on the vegetation surrounding the bases of the trees as well as on the stems. Emulsions containing sodium arsenite, pine-tar oil and paradichlorobenzene, and orthodichlorobenzene were found to give a high degree of control when applied in the early spring while the young borers were present between the bark and wood. Later applications, after the larvae had penetrated the wood, were not so successful. The cost of application was found to be such as to make it feasible to protect shade trees and possibly trees in small plantations. As a preface to this paper, a brief resume of literature is given of the work done by other entomologists during the past twenty-five years to control this borer.

Pine-tar oil insecticide spray also carries fungus killer

Pine-tar oil insecticide spray also carries fungus killer

Uses of Pine Tar Oil

Uses of Pine Tar Oil

Refined Pine Tar Oil for Orchard and Garden Use

Pine tar oil, produced by the destructive distillation of pine wood, is now being used in the refined form as in insecticide and fungicide. This oil is used alone or in combination with nicotine for the control of aphids, thrips and similar types of insects. Pine tar oil has greater fungicidal value than petroleum oil and also may act as a carrier for copper resinate, which it dissolves readily. The combination of pine tar oil and copper resinate may be added to petroleum oil and the blend emulsified in the usual way.

Field Tests with Repellents for the Screw Worm Fly, Cochliomyia Macellaria Fab., upon Domestic Animals

Results are presented of tests of a number of promising repellents when used under range conditions for the protection of cattle, sheep, goats and other animals against the screw worm fly Cochliomyia macellaria. In these experiments the worms were first killed with benzol and the repellents applied every other day until the wounds were healed. Considering effectiveness and various other factors, pine tar oil with specific gravity of 1.065 ranks first among the materials tested. The 18 repellent mixtures used in these experiments were selected as being the most effective of several hundred, as determined by extensive laboratory tests.

Progress Report of Investigations Relating to Repellents, Attractants and Larvicides for the Screw-Worm and Other Flies

Among many tests of baits for use against the screw worm fly,(Chrysomya macellaria) and its relatives dried egg was found to be one of the most satisfactory. Over two hundred chemicals were tested as repellents for use on live stock. Some of the most promising were furfural, safrol, salicylic aldebyde, several essential oils—namely cloves, cassia, citronella, fennel, sassafras and anise—pine tar oils and certain camphor oils. A very effective repellent for practical use is a mixture of one part furfural to four parts pine tar oil. As a larvicide for use on wounds benzol is satisfactory.