Acorus Calamus Research Articles

Bacillus thuringiensis A1 improve phenol tolerance and phytoextraction by Acorus calamus L

Phenol, as a very toxic pollutant, exists widely in rivers in China. To explore the effect of bacterial augmentation on phytoremediation of phenol by Acorus calamus L., some plant growth and physiological parameters and percent removal of phenol were determined in hydroponics containing phenol with addition of Bacillus thuringiensis A1. The A. calamus L. and B. thuringiensis A1 consortium increased the growth rate of plant height, chlorophyll content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in A. calamus L. 10.00–36.54%, 0.62 − 22.15%, 3.94 − 11.25% and 1.37–10.50% respectively compared with single plant treatments at same phenol concentrations. However, the addition of B. thuringiensis A1 decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative electrical conductivity (REC) in A. calamus L. 12.99–23.66% and 8.38–29.98% respectively compared with single plant treatments. The removal efficiency of phenol (increased from 1.56% to 13.78%) by the A. calamus L. and B. thuringiensis A1 consortium was higher than the removal efficiency of phenol of the independent A. calamus L. system. In conclusion, the addition of B. thuringiensis A1 alleviated phenol stress to A. calamus L and enhanced phenol removal due to phenol removal by bacterial augmentation. Novelty statement The addition of B. thuringiensis A1 alleviated phenol stress to A. calamus L. and enhanced phenol removal due to phenol removal by bacterial augmentation.

Green Synthesis of Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles with Various Plant Extracts and their Use as an Anticancer Agent

The co-precipitation method was used to produce cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) with different plant extracts such as Tinospora Cardifolia (stems), Rhododendron arboretum (flower), Pichrorhiza Kurroa (roots), Nardostachys jatamansi (roots), Acorus Calamus (roots), Corylus Jacquemontii (seeds), and Emblica Officinalis (fruit). To extract organic matter from the as-prepared sample, it was calcined at a temperature ranging from 500-600⁰ C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the structure and morphology of the calcined oxide nanoparticles. The CdO NPs were well amorphous particle form and had an average particle size of 20-55 nm. The cytotoxicity of the Pichrorhiza Kurroa shows strong antiproliferative activity against rat skeletal myoblast cell lines (L-6).

New records of fungal pathogens of invertebrates from endemic pine forests in Mexico

We report fungal pathogens of invertebrates (FPI) (Entomophthorales, Hypocreales, and Orbiliales) from roots of an endemic Mexican pine, Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl., at four primary montane forests using next-generation sequencing. We found twenty-nine OTUs from 18 genera of FPI associated to the roots of P. greggii. New records for Mexico are: Beauveria felina (DC.) J.W.Carmich., Dactylella mammillata S.M. Dixon, Dactylella ramosa Matsushima, Drechslerella brochopaga (Drechsler) M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Hirsutella minnesotensis Chen, Liu & Chen, Leptobacillium leptobactrum (W.Gams) Zare & W.Gams, Metapochonia variabilis Z.F.Zhang, F.Liu & L.Cai, Monacrosporium leptosporum (Drechsler) A. Rubner, and Simplicillium aogashimaense Nonaka, Kaifuchi & Masuma. A largely unknown array of fungal pathogens of invertebrates are likely to be found in Mexican forests.  This work facilitates future analyses of fungal diversity in these primary forests, as well as basic and applied research in biological control.

Altered growth with blue rings: comparison of radial growth and wood anatomy between trampled and non-trampled Scots pine roots

Our understanding of wood anatomy and radial growth in tree roots remains very incomplete, particularly with respect to how ecological factors affect root growth at a relatively small spatial scale, i.e., within a single root system. Here, we compared root growth with and without trampling exposure on a hiking trail. We conducted a quantitative analysis of radial growth and wood anatomical changes, including compression wood (CW) and blue rings (BRs), of two adjacent Scots pine roots in high resolution. A total of 32 cross sections from two roots sampled every 25 cm at the same distance from the respective stem were compared. The buried root (B) was completely buried and had an unexposed segment on a hiking trail. In contrast, the exposed root (E) had an exposed segment that was trampled. 1706 growth rings were analysed for the common period 1954–2015.We found that the volume of the E root in the trampling zone exceeded ten times the volume of the B root. The root surface area of the exposed sections of the E root was on average 14 times larger than that of the unexposed B root section in the trampling zone. The highest number of missing rings was found in the B root. Root sections sampled at the shortest distance from the stem showed the highest coherence in radial growth pattern, which decreased with increasing distance from the stem.BRs were recognized for the first time in tree roots. In total 25 tree rings contained BRs, and their occurrence was restricted to cross sections of the exposed root. BRs were formed over the course of 25 calendar years, i.e., in 40% of tree rings from the common period 1954–2015. Mean monthly temperatures for the years with and without BRs formation showed that colder November (p = 0. 012) and, albeit only slightly, colder September (p = 0.051) temperatures favoured formation of BRs in Scots pine roots. In addition, mean monthly precipitation in July (p = 0.017) was significantly higher for BR years, suggesting an impact of moisture availability on the formation of BRs in Scots pine roots. The study highlights a high rate of growth discrepancies within a single root system. Further, altered growth of trampled roots with high proportions of BRs opens a new challenge for future dendroecological studies on tree roots.

Early pine root anatomy and primary and lateral root formation are affected by container size: implications in dry-summer climates

Although the presence of root anatomical structures of young Pinus ponderosa seedlings grown in containers of contrasting volume (164 vs. 7000 cm3) was similar, seedlings reared 60 days in the large container had more vascular cambium although the xylem thickness was similar. In addition, seedlings in large containers had nearly twice as many resin ducts within the vascular cambium as their cohorts in small containers. Taproot length closely matched container depth. Though lateral root emission rates were similar between container sizes, large container seedlings had more than 2X the number of lateral roots as those from small containers. These differences in morphophysiological characteristics may be important to seedling establishment on sites that experience dry summer conditions, or for seedlings destined to drier, harsher sites. Further work to elucidate the ramifications of these morphophysiological differences on seedling establishment is warranted.

三江并流区水电站消落带适生草本植物根系固土能力

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 三江并流区水电站消落带适生草本植物根系固土能力 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202104201025 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S157.2 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42167046）；云南澜沧江黄登水电站库周消落带治理试验工程科研合作项目（H20200133）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2020Y165） Soil-fixing capacity of suitable herbaceous plant roots in the water-level-fluctuating zone of hydropower station in the Three Parallel Rivers Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:三江并流区生态脆弱敏感，水电站库周消落带土壤侵蚀严重，为研究消落带适生草本植物的根系固土效应，并为重建植被、控制土壤侵蚀提供依据，以生长期为18个月的风车草(Cyperus alternifolius L.)、美人蕉(Canna indica L.)、花叶芦竹(Arundo donax var. versicolor)和菖蒲(Acorus calamus L.)4种草本植物为研究对象，采用自制的原位剪切仪测定根土复合体和素土的抗剪强度；用根系拉力试验机测定根系的抗拉强度，用Wu和Waldron模型(WWM)对根系提高土体抗剪强度进行预测，并评价模型的可靠性。结果表明：①4种适生草本植物根系都能增强土体的抗剪强度，风车草、美人蕉、花叶芦竹和菖蒲根系使土体的抗剪强度分别提高了403.89%、248.32%、388.50%和200.71%；②4种草本植物根系的抗拉强度均与直径呈现负幂函数关系；③根系抗拉强度较大、破坏面上根面积比较高和根系直径(D)<1 mm细根较多的草本植物，固土效应更加显著；④4种草本植物根系对土体强度增量的WWM模型计算值是实测值的9.37-43.85倍，该模型对高含水率土壤中草本植物根系的预测精度较低。风车草、美人蕉、花叶芦竹和菖蒲的根系均有较强的固土能力，尤其是风车草和花叶芦竹，是三江并流区黄登水库消落带植被重建和固土抗蚀的优选物种。 Abstract:The Three Parallel Rivers area is located in the northwest of Yunnan Province and is the core area of an important ecological barrier in Southwest China. The area has serious soil erosion, but is rich in hydropower resources, so a large number of hydropower stations have been planned and built. With the operation of the power station, the long-term and repeated changes of the reservoir's water level have made it difficult for many native plants to survive, and a large-scale water level fluctuation zone has been formed around the reservoir. The erosion of the soil in the water-level fluctuating zone is intensified under the effects of rainfall and changes in water level of the reservoir. Therefore, studying the mechanism of soil consolidation by herbaceous plant roots in the reservoir water level fluctuating zone and selecting suitable plants with strong soil-fixing ability is of great significance for restoring vegetation in the water level fluctuating zone of the reservoir, controlling soil erosion, and improving the stability of the reservoir bank. In this study, four herbaceous plants including Cyperus alternifolius L., Canna indica L., Arundo donax var. versicolor, and Acorus calamus L. with a growth period of 18 months were taken as research objects. The self-made in-situ shearing instrument was used to measure the shear strength of the root-soil complexes and the rootless soil; the root tensile testing machine was used to measure the tensile strength of the roots. The Wu and Waldron model (WWM) was used to predict the increment in the shear strength of the soil by the root system and to evaluate the reliability of the model. The results showed that:① the roots of the four suitable herbaceous plants could increase the shear strength of the soil. Compared with the rootless soil, the shear strength of root-soil complexes with roots of Cyperus alternifolius L., Canna indica L., Arundo donax var. versicolor, and Acorus calamus L. were increased by 403.89%, 248.32%, 388.50% and 200.71%, respectively; ② The tensile strength of the roots of the four herbaceous plants all showed a negative power function relationship with the diameter; ③ Herbs with higher root tensile strength, higher root area ratio on the damaged surface, and more fine roots with D<1 mm, the soil-fixing effect were more significant; ④ The calculated value of the WWM model for the 4 herbaceous plant roots to increase the soil shear strength was 9.37-43.85 times of the measured value, so the model had a low prediction accuracy for the herbaceous plant roots. In conclusion, the root systems of Cyperus alternifolius L., Canna indica L., Arundo donax var. versicolor, and Acorus calamus L. all had strong soil-fixing ability, especially the root systems of Cyperus alternifolius L. and Arundo donax var. versicolor, which were the preferred species for vegetation reconstruction and soil consolidation in Huangdeng Reservoir hydro-fluctuating zone in the Three Parallel Rivers area. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Biochemical and physiological properties non-traditional food raw materials

The botanical and commodity characteristics are given, the physiological functions of the calamus root are indicated. The methods used to study its quantitative and qualitative composition of nutrients, including physiologically active substances and antiradical activity, are given. The general chemical composition is investigated, the results of the study of the mineral composition of the calamus root are presented, it is established that the root is rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, as well as trace elements manganese, iron, molybdenum, which perform important physiological functions in the human body. The calculation of the percentage of satisfaction of the daily need for individual minerals was carried out, it was found that the calamus root belongs to functional food ingredients, since it satisfies the SNP by more than 15% for individual minerals. It has been shown that the calamus root contains a significant amount of vitamins C, B2, E, β-carotene. The qualitative composition of organic acids, phenolic compounds and carbohydrates is given, indicating the release time of individual substances and the values of chromatogram profiles. The antioxidant activity of the original calamus root sample ranges from 37.7 to 47.4%, depending on the extractant, heat treatment reduces the activity by 5.8-6.7%. The conducted studies allow us to consider the calamus root as a plant ingredient for a nutrient mixture.

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;In Vitro&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Curcuma longa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Acorus calamus and Camellia sinensis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

The purpose of the current study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity of the Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus, and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts and their free radical scavenging activity. The study concluded that the Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus, and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts have a good source of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant sources in turn which opens the high possibility of the extracts being used as food preservatives. The DPPH assay for scavenging free radicals showed that the IC50 value was above 123% of Curcuma longa ethanolic extract, 129.9% μg/ml of Acorus calamus ethanolic extract and 25% of Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts shows very strong inhibition of the free radicals. Thus, comparing the DPPH assay for scavenging free radicals of Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts with the positive control ascorbic acid, Curcuma longa and Camellia sinensis ethanolic extracts showed strong inhibition of the free radicals.

Antibiotic fate in an artificial-constructed urban river planted with the algae Microcystis aeruginosa and emergent hydrophyte.

The behavior and removal of six antibiotics, that is, azithromycin, clarithromycin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline, in an artificial-controllable urban river (ACUR) were investigated. The ACUR was constructed to form five artificial eco-systems by planting three emergent hydrophytes and Microcystis aeruginosa: (1) Control; (2) MA: M.aeruginosa only; (3) MA-J-C: M.aeruginosa combined with Juncus effusus and Cyperus alternifolius; (4) MA-C-A: M.aeruginosa combined with C.alternifolius and Acorus calamus L.; (5) MA-A-J: M.aeruginosa combined with A.calamus L. and J.effusus. The MA-C-A system achieved the best removal of azithromycin and clarithromycin after 15-day test with the final concentrations 0.92 and 0.83 μg/L. The contents of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in sediment were highest, up to 1453 and 1745 ng/g. The antibiotic plant bioaccumulation was higher in roots rather than the shoots (stem and leaves). No target antibiotics were detected in algae cells. The combination of hybrid hydrophytes had a certain effect on the removal of antibiotics, and thus selecting appropriate hydrophytes in urban rivers could greatly improve water quality. The overall removal of six antibiotics was greatly improved by the ACUR containing the hybrid hydrophytes and the algae, indicating a synergistic effect on antibiotic removal. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Controllable-mobile artificial eco-systems were developed with emergent hydrophytes and M.aeruginosa. The M.aeruginosa+ Cyperus alternifolius+ Acorus calamus L. system removed azithromycin and clarithromycin most at the end of tests. Emergent hydrophytes and M.aeruginosa have a synergistic effect on the removal of antibiotics. The combination of emergent hydrophytes did play an important role in the removal of antibiotics. The artificial eco-systems containing the hybrid hydrophytes and the algae could greatly improve the overall removal of antibiotics.

Genetic clonal fidelity assessment of rhizome-derived micropropagated Acorus calamus L. – A medicinally important plant by random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat markers

Background: Acorus calamus – a critical medicinal plant, is overexploited, leading to population reduction. Establishing an efficient in vitro protocol is essential for the large-scale production of genetically identical plants. Objectives: Development of fast and reliable in vitro regeneration protocol for A. calamus and clonal fidelity assessment of the regenerants using molecular markers. Materials and Methods: Plants were regenerated on Murashige and Skoog medium with different concentrations of growth regulators in two phases – shooting and rooting. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to evaluate the genetic stability of in vitro clones. Results: 6 Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.6 and 2.4 mgL−1 was effective for shoot induction, while root induction was superior in indole-3-butyric acid-incorporated medium at 2.5 mgL−. Thirteen RAPD and 16 ISSR primers produced 59 and 96 clear, unambiguous, and reproducible bands, respectively. Both the markers revealed a high monomorphism of 96.79% and 95.63% among the regenerants. Nei's genetic distance analysis disclosed a close genetic association (0.000–0.068) among the genotypes. Conclusion: ISSR was better than RAPD markers in clonal fidelity assessment of the regenerants. The in vitro protocol developed is reliable and suitable for the rapid propagation of true-to-type A. calamus plants.

Environmental significance of trace elements in the Athabasca Bituminous Sands: facts and misconceptions.

The bituminous sands of Alberta, Canada, represent the second largest reserves of hydrocarbons on earth. Open pit bitumen mining and upgrading of the Athabasca Bituminous Sands (ABS), the largest of the deposits, began in 1967. Concerns about fugitive release of trace elements (TEs) to the environment began with studies of V, as this is the most abundant trace metal in bitumen. Recent studies, however, have extended to Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Tl, and this has led to considerable confusion about which TEs are relevant to ecosystem health. While V along with Ni, Mo, Se and Re are enriched in bitumen, Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Tl are found almost exclusively in the mineral (i.e. sand) fraction of the ABS, with limited opportunity to become bioaccessible, much less bioavailable. Here, a summary is given of ten misunderstandings that have arisen regarding TEs in the environment of the ABS region. To help illustrate the significance of the misconceptions that have arisen regarding (a) air and (b) water resources, published and unpublished TE data obtained from the metal-free, ultraclean SWAMP lab is presented for: (a) snow, moss, and peat cores from bogs, and (b) the dissolved, particulate, and colloidal fractions of water from the Athabasca River (AR), as well as pristine groundwater. Natural enrichments of Ni in plants such as Rat Root (Acorus calamus) and pine (Pinus banksiana), Tl in fish (Percopsis omiscomaycus) and Cd in cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus), Labrador Tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum) and beaver (Castor canadensis), are also presented.

Relative toxicity of some plant extracts against Agrotis ypsilon [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of six plant extracts agaist 3rd instar caterpillar of Agrotis ypsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. The relative toxicity of ether extract of selected plants was calculated by finding the LC50 value and Adhatoda vasica was taken as unit. Acorus calamus, Datura stamonium and Azadirachta indica were found to be highly toxic and the relative toxicity of these plant extracts was 2.1345, 2.0263 and 1.7794 times higher respectively than that of Adhatoda vasica. The other two extracts namely Allium cepa and Allium sativum were 1.5924 and 1.3977 times higher toxic than Adhatoda vasica.

Anti-dermatophyte activity of the aqueous extracts of Thai medicinal plants.

Medicinal plants have long been prescribed in Thailand for centuries. Different constituents of extracts have been used for treating of various infectious diseases. However, there is even less information available regarding the use in fungal skin infection. In order to assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential, this study is focused on exploring the anti-dermatophyte property of the plants that are currently used as traditional medicines. The potential of four different plant species were selected for investigate in vitro anti-dermatophyte activity. Ethanolic extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.), Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.), Eclipta prostrate (Linn.), and Acorus calamus (L.). were analysed for their total phenolic content as well as total flavonoid content and were then subjected to test of their anti-dermatophyte properties using agar well diffusion method. Qualitative flavonoids and phenolics analysis of the extracts showed their biologically active constituents. Among the species examined, the result indicated that most of the extracts demonstrated anti-dermatophyte activity. In particular, A. calamus showed the highest efficacy against test organisms. The experiment confirmed the chemical constituents and efficacy of some selected plants and provides a scientific confirmation of the use of Thai plants in traditional medicine for fungal skin infections.

Pickering emulsion technology based on the concept of “the combination of medicine and adjuvant” to enhance the oxidation stability of volatile oils in solid preparations—taking Lingzhu Pulvis as an example

The antioxidant properties of the volatile oil of Acorus calamus in Lingzhu Pulvis may be enhanced by the introduction of Pickering emulsion technology based on the concept of “the combination of medicine and adjuvant”. The characterization of each drinking tablet of Lingzhu Pulvis was conducted to determine the stabilizer. The optimal stabilizer concentration, oil–water ratio and preparation method of the Pickering emulsion were then determined and analyzed using NIR. The contents of malondialdehyde and peroxide in the volatile oils of each group were compared at different AIBA concentrations. The trends of the components were then analyzed by GC-MS. The pearl powder was screened as the stabilizer of the Pickering emulsion; the pearl powder concentration of 0.065 g mL−1 and the oil–water ratio of 9 : 11 were found to be the optimal emulsion formation conditions, and the high-pressure homogenization method was the optimal preparation method. The NIR analysis showed that the volatile oil was wrapped by the pearl powder and no new chemical structure formed in the Pickering emulsion. The Pickering emulsions had lower oxidation levels than the crude oil groups at AIBA concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg mL−1. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that the antioxidant properties of the volatile components were significantly higher in the Pickering emulsion group compared to the crude oil group. Pickering emulsions can be used to enhance the antioxidant properties of volatile components in oil-containing solid formulations based on the concept of “the combination of medicine and adjuvant”.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Rhizosphere Fungal Community Characteristics of Acorus Calamus Under Cr Stress

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Rhizosphere Fungal Community Characteristics of Acorus Calamus Under Cr Stress

Atomic polar tensor charge calculation of beta asarone in solvation models

The Atomic Polar Tensor charges of Beta Asarone was computed in gas state and also in solvation. The solutions used for simulations are water and ethanol. These charges are compared to the already discussed Mulliken’s charge analysis. These would throw light on the biological activity of Beta Asarone which is a major component of Acorus Calamus – a medicinal plant.

Purification, Characterization and Larvicidal Activity of a Potent Bioactive Compound Asarone from Leaves of Acorus Calamus Against the Culician Larval Mosquitoes

Purification, Characterization and Larvicidal Activity of a Potent Bioactive Compound Asarone from Leaves of Acorus Calamus Against the Culician Larval Mosquitoes

Effect of botanicals on number of egg laid by Callosobruchus chinensis in stored chickpea

An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of botanicals against pulse beetle in stored chickpea. Eight treatment including untreated control comprising of Cinnamon powder (3 g/kg), Clove powder(3 g/kg), Black pepper seed powder(3 g/kg), Turmeric rhizome powder(5 g/kg), Acorus calamus rhizome (Vekhand) powder (2 g/kg), Acorus calamus rhizome (Vekhand) powder(4 g/kg), Acorus calamus rhizome (Vekhand) powder (8 g/kg) were used against adult pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis on chickpea grains. All botanicals recorded minimum eggs laid by the pulse beetles on the grain treated with than the untreated control. Acorus calamus rhizome (Vekhand) powder (8 g/kg) and Acorus calamus rhizome (Vekhand) powder (4 g/kg) were found most effective in inhibiting egg laying even up to 6 month of storage after release of insect.

Optimization and Extension of Shelf-Life of Chapati Using Selected Natural Plant Extracts as Preservatives

Whole wheat flour is employed to prepare an unleavened flat-baked chapati product. The majority of people in Asian communities residing all over the world and the Indian subcontinent consume chapati as a traditional staple food. There is an increase in demand for ready-to-eat chapatis due to changes in lifestyle, so this study was initiated to increase the shelf-life of chapatis using selected plant samples through optimization. The optimized dough was seen to have a good leavening and soft texture with no change in their appearance, order, or taste. The spoilage of the prepared and stored chapattis was monitored. At the conclusion of the 20 trials, the range of shelf-life obtained was between 14 to 16 days. On studying the goodness of fit statistics in the model used for the optimization based on the low s value (0.3717), there is a better description of the response. 97.94% R2 value was obtained with consideration of the response describing the fitness of the model. Similarly, its right and it determines adjacent R2 value, and predicted R2 value was not substantially less than the R2 value making the model fit. On encoding the values 0.6625 for turmeric, 0.6625 for the sweet flag, and 0.7305 for tea powders can be used to obtain the maximized shelf-life of 16 days.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential of Methanolic Root Extract of Acorus calamus- an In vitro Study

Background: Gout is an inflammatory joint disease that elevates the uric acid levels in blood that triggers the formation of urate crystals in the joint,especially since the past 50 years. Xanthine oxidase catalyses oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to Xanthine to uric acid. show it's higher in men aged above 50 years. Acorus calamus is a mid term, perennial, fragrant herb. Therefore, the main approach for the treatment of gout is reducing uric acid.&#x0D; Aim: To analyze the antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory potential of methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Preparation of methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was done by hot percolation method. Phytochemical screening test was done. The antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti gout potential of the herbal extract was analysed by the evaluation of Xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential. The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with p&lt;0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus shows a strong presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids ,terpenoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids.IC50 of antioxidant potential of Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was found to be 210 µg/ml.Ic 50 of xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was found to be 310 µg/ml.&#x0D; Conclusion: Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus exhibited significant antioxidant and anti gout potential. Further research on the natural Xanthine oxidase inhibitors especially in vivo studies and investigation of active compounds and its pharmacokinetics to be elucidated.