Pine Needle Extract Research Articles

Effect of Cedrus deodara extract on the physiochemical and sensory properties of salted meat and its action mechanism

The effect of pine needle extract from Cedrus deodara (PNE) on the quality of salted meat was reported, and its action mechanism was further investigated. With the treatment of PNE, the physicochemical properties of salted meat were improved. The peroxide value decreased from 16.18 to 6.78mmol O2 /kg, while the thiobarbituric acid value decreased from 0.79 to 0.40mg MDA/kg. Moreover, the salted meat with PNE also had the better texture, color, and volatile compositions. The 0.2% PNE group showed the highest ΔE value (63.16± 0.56), hardness (813.5± 48.7g), and volatility (45.86± 0.39), while the control group showed the lowest ΔE value (43.92± 2.13), hardness (515.8± 17.3g) and volatility (29.97± 0.56). In addition, with the analysis of fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, the spatial structures of myofibrillar protein (MP) in salted meat were obviously changed by PNE. Meanwhile, methylconiferin, 1-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose, nortrachelogenin, secoxyloganin, 1-O-(4-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucose and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside were identified from PNE. Furthermore, according to the analysis of molecular docking, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic force, and electrostatic force were obtained as the main molecular forces between MP and the phenolic compounds of PNE, while arginine, glutamic acid, and glycine residues were the main binding sites. All results suggested that PNE might be a potential candidate to improve the quality of salted meat in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The quality deterioration of meat may not only affect its further processing and consumption but also may lead to some food safety problems. In present study, PNE exhibited the fine capability to inhibit the oxidation of meat, while it could ameliorate the texture, color, and physicochemical properties of meat due to its tightly interaction with myofibrillar protein. All result suggested that PNE could be potentially utilized to improve the quality of meat in food industry.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Fermented Pine Needle Extract on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Serum Lipid Parameters in Laying Hens.

Simple SummaryIn recent decades, the use of phytogenic feed additives as natural growth promoters has been substantially increased in the poultry industry. Fermented pine (Pinus densiflora) needle drink is used as a functional beverage in Korea due to its antioxidant effects. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to determine the effects of fermented pine needle extract on laying performance, egg quality, lipid parameters, and lipid oxidation of eggs in laying hens. Supplementation of fermented pine needle extract in laying hens’ diet improved productive performance and egg quality parameters.This study aimed to investigate the supplemental effects of fermented pine (Pinus densiflora) needle extract (FPNE) in laying hen diets on productive performance, egg quality, and serum lipid metabolites. A total of 108 40-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatment groups: (1) basal diet + 0 mL FPNE/kg diet (CON), (2) basal diet + 2.5 mL FPNE/kg diet (T1), or (3) basal diet + 5 mL FPNE/kg diet (T2) for 6 weeks. Each group consisted of four replicates of nine hens each. Feed and water provided ad libitum. Results showed that dietary supplementation of FPNE increased egg production percentage (linear, p < 0.01 and quadratic, p < 0.05), egg mass (linear, p < 0.05), and feed intake (linear, p < 0.05) during the entire experimental period. In addition, dietary inclusion of FPNE significantly increased the eggshell color (linear, p < 0.01), egg yolk color (quadratic, p < 0.01), and eggshell breaking strength (linear, p < 0.05 and quadratic, p < 0.05) while the Haugh unit decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05). However, serum lipid profile did not differ among the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Notably, antioxidant activity of egg yolk was improved by significantly decreasing the malondialdehyde content in egg yolks after 6 weeks of storage (linear, p < 0.001 and quadratic, p < 0.05). In summary, dietary inclusion of FPNE could improve laying performance and the antioxidant capacity of eggs.

솔잎 추출물의 노인성 탈모 두피 탄력강화에 대한 유효성 연구

본 연구는 솔잎 추출물의 노인성 탈모 두피 탄력 강화에 대한 기능적 효능과 임상적 유효성을 검증하고자 첫째, 모발의 특성과 손상 및 연령별 노인성 탈모에 관해 파악하고, 둘째, 노인성 탈모 관리제품의 기능적 효능과 임상적 유효성 을 검증하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 Basic and Specific(BASP) 분류 기준에 근거해 안드로겐성 탈모증이 있는 20~54세 의 남녀를 대상으로 두피 탄력 강화 기능성 솔잎 추출물의 임상적 유효성 파악을 위해 피부 반응도 및 자극도 측정, 모발 굵기 측정, 모발 인장강도 측정, 모발 SEM 촬영, 피험자 대상 사후 설문을 하였다. 연구결과 모발 굵기 변화, 모발 인장강도, 모발 SEM 관찰에서 두피 탄력 강화 기능성 솔잎 추출물 사용이 모질과 두피에 긍정적인 개선 효과를 나타내었으나, 실험이 물리적 측면에서 설계된 연구한계로 생리 활성 측면의 연구가 향후 후속된다면 연구목적에 부합하는 객관적 자료로 보완이 가능할 것이다.

Assessing the susceptibility of some gut bacteria to the extract from needles of Turkish pine

Plant extracts have the potential to be safe alternatives to antibiotics that disrupt the gut flora. The aim of the present study was to assess the susceptibility of some gut bacteria to the extract from needles of Turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) using microdilution method in an anaerobic chamber. Turkish pine needle extract promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus from gut commensals at 0.2-6.25 mg/mL, 0.4-6.25 mg/mL, and 0.4-1.6 mg/mL dose ranges, respectively (P

Anti-Obesity Effect of Pine Needle Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Background: Obesity due to an excessive intake of nutrient disturbs the hypothalamus-mediated energy metabolism subsequently develops metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of pine needle extract (PNE) on the hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons involved in the regulation of energy balance via melanocortin system and fat tissue metabolism. Methods: We performed electrophysiological and immunohistochemical analyses to determine the effect of PNE on POMC neurons. Mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet for 12 weeks, then received PNE for the last 2 weeks to measure the following physiological indices: Body weight, food intake, fat/lean mass, glucose metabolism, and plasma leptin levels. In addition, changes of thermogenic, lipolytic, and lipogenetic markers were evaluated in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) by western blotting, respectively. Results: PNE increased hypothalamic POMC neuronal activity, and the effect was abolished by blockade of melanocortin 3/4 receptors (MC3/4Rs). PNE decreased body weight, fat mass, plasma leptin levels, and improved glucose metabolism after high-fat-induced obesity. However, PNE did not change the expression of thermogenic markers of the BAT in HFD fed groups, but decreased only the lipogenetic markers of WAT. This study suggests that PNE has a potent anti-obesity effect, inhibiting lipogenesis in WAT, even though HFD-induced leptin resistance-mediated disruption of POMC neuronal activity.

Study on Separation and Purification of Chemical Components of Dichloromethane from Pine Needle Extract

To study the chemical composition of the extract of cedar pine needle methylene chloride. Methods: The paper used silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to separate and purify, and carried out structural identification based on physical and chemical properties and spectral data. At the same time, gallic acid was preliminarily separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the separation conditions of gallic acid were determined, and the content change of gallic acid after tannin was acid-decomposed was determined, proving that the extract may contain decomposable hydrolysis Tannin or compound tannin. Results: Five compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of cedar pine needles, which were identified as: ferulic acid (1), osthol (2), β-phenylacrylic acid (3), paeonol (4), Magnolol (5). Conclusion: All compounds except Compound 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chitosan based antioxidant films incorporated with pine needles (Cedrus deodara) extract for active food packaging applications

Pine needles (Cedrus deodara) comprise curcuminoid pigments, which are natural phenolic compounds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pine needle extract (PNE) addition 5, 10, and 20% (v/w) on the antioxidant assay, physical, oxygen, water vapor permeability, color, and microstructures of the films were performed on scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The films containing PNE at the concentration of 10 and 20% showed a high antioxidant assay (total phenolics, DPPH, and radical scavenging assessment by the ABTS). The PNE content increase from 5% to 20% in films decreased the oxygen permeability (0.259 ± 0.01 to 0.08 ± 0.01 cm3 mm m−2 day−1 Pa−1) and water vapor permeability (2.18 ± 0.02 to 1.67 ± 0.11 g mm/m2 h kPa) of all films. In contrast, the thickness of films containing PNE slightly increased from 0.032 ± 0.003 to 0.041 ± 0.009 mm. PNE incorporated films had a greenish color, while neat CH film was somewhat yellowish. The notable alterations in terms of surface microstructure in the CH films containing 10 and 20% PNE were noticed. XRD illustrated the excellent compatibility between CH and PNE. CH films gained a significant antioxidant property and improved their characteristic properties by incorporating PNE, presenting a useful food packaging application.

Effect of feeding with processed by-products of forests biomass on metabolism of cows

The effect of aqueous extract of pine needles, pine nut shells and arabinogalactan on the metabolism of dairy cows was studied. The objectives of the research were to investigate the elemental composition of aqueous extract of pine needles, pine nut shells and arabinogalactan and to study the effect of cows’ feeding on aqueous extract containing these supplements on the biochemical parameters of blood, physical and biochemical parameters of cows’ urine. The experiment was carried out in theKrasnoyarskTerritoryon black-and-white cows at the age of fi calving with an average body condition and life weight of 580-600 kg. Two groups of cows were formed, 10 animals in each. The duration of the experiment was 100 days. The cows were kept tied, in year-round stalls, milking was carried out automatically into the milk pipe. According to the scheme of the experiment, the control group was fed on the main diet, the experimental group was given aqueous extract (200 ml/head/day) of pine needles (15 g/l), pine nut shells (25 g/l) and arabinogalactan (25 g/l) in addition to the main diet. The test infusion was fed in a mixture with concentrated feed. The feeding ration corresponded to the zootechnical standards. It was found that feeding cows on aqueous extract of the studied forest components did not have a negative eff on the metabolism in the body of the animals: the biochemical parameters of blood and the physicochemical parameters of cows’ urine corresponded to the norm of healthy animals. At the same time, metabolic processes in the blood of the cows in the experimental group were very intensive, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism improved, as evidenced by an increase in glucose content by 16.6%, iron – by 17.8, phosphorus – by 13.0%.

Pine Needle Extract Applicable to Topical Treatment for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection.

Most cervical cancers are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Currently, cervical cancer treatment entails surgical removal of the lesion, but treatment of infection and preventing tissue damage are issues that still remain to be addressed. Herbal medicine and biological studies have focused on developing antiviral drugs from natural sources. In this study, we analyzed the potential antiviral effects of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. leaf extracts against HPV. The pine needle extracts from each organic solvent were analyzed for antiviral activity. The methylene chloride fraction (PN-MC) showed the highest activity against HPV pseudovirus (PV). The PN-MC extract was more effective before, rather than after treatment, and therefore represents a prophylactic intervention. Mice were pre-treated with PN-MC via genital application or oral administration, followed by a genital or subcutaneous challenge with HPV PV, respectively. The HPV challenge results showed that mice treated via genital application exhibited complete protection against HPV. In conclusion, PN-MC represents a potential topical virucide for HPV infection.

Application of soymilk skin as sausage wrapping for improving lipid oxidation.

Yuba, the soymilk skin, was developed as edible films for sausage. Yuba (Y) were prepared with added pine-needle extract (YP) and employed to wrap sausage. Physical and mechanical properties and lipid oxidation of sausages were compared to sausages made with commercial collagen casing (C). Y films showed better transparency, oxygen-barrier properties, and UV-light barrier properties than C films (p < .05). Particularly, the addition of pine-needle extract increased DPPH activities from 31 to 48% and total phenol content from 7.52 to 14.64 mg gallic acid/g. Regarding application for sausage wrapping, Y (2.35%) and YP (2.66%) wrapped sausages with better protection against water loss during cooking compared to sausages made from C (5.84%). Especially, YP (3.57 MDA mg/kg) showed better protection against lipid oxidation for sausages than Y (4 MDA mg/kg) and C (4.62 MDA mg/kg) on day 6 after refrigerated storage. Yuba films could be employed as potential alternatives to gelatin films for manufacturing sausages.

Green synthesis of Fe/Cu oxides composite particles stabilized by pine needle extract and investigation of their adsorption activity for norfloxacin and ofloxacin

Iron, copper oxides composite particles (Fe/Cu oxides CPs) were produced using rapid, single-step, green and sustainable pathway from biomolecules of pine needle extract and were adopted as a potential adsorbent for the removal of norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFLX) from aqueous solution. To understand the morphologies and properties of Fe/Cu oxides CPs, surface analysis via SEM image, EDS, TEM, XPS, BET and FTIR pattern were employed. The effects of factors such as contact time, reaction temperature, initial pH, initial concentration and ionic strength on the adsorption capacity of NOR or OFLX onto Fe/Cu oxides CPs were studied. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the kinetic data were well described by Double-constant rate equation. The experimental equilibrium data were well fitted by Redlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan and Dubinin-Radushkevich models and the maximum adsorption capacity of Fe/Cu oxides CPs calculated by Langmuir model for NOR and OFLX was 1.64 mmol/g and 1.26 mmol/g at 293 K, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were calculated and the results indicated that the NOR or OFLX adsorption onto Fe/Cu oxides CPs was spontaneous and endothermic. Adsorption mechanism of NOR and OFLX may be involved a combination of electrostatic interaction, the formation of hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking interactions, surface complexation, hydrophobic interaction.

Investigating the use of pine needle extract as biological herbicide for weed control in bean crop

Investigating the use of pine needle extract as biological herbicide for weed control in bean crop

Anti-inflammatory properties of fermented pine (Pinus morrisonicola Hay.) needle on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

This study was aimed to explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of various pine needle products (non-fermented, fermented, and commercial) extracted with different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells. The phenolic/flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate extract of fermented pine needle (EAE-FPN) is higher than other pine product extracts (hexane/water). The levels of antioxidant indices (TEAC, DPPH) as well as free radical scavenging activity (H2 O2 ) were significantly improved in EAE-FPN than other pine needle product extracts. The levels of ROS and various inflammatory markers (NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β/6) were considerably abolished by EAE-FPN in a dose-dependent manner (50-200μg/ml). Moreover, the protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit were also markedly downregulated by EAE-FPN. Collectively, EAE-FPN with phenolic/flavonoid content showed excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via modulating NF-κB signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Pine needle drink (Pinus morrisonicola Hay) has been used as a functional beverage for many years due to its various biological properties in Asia especially in Taiwan, China, and Korea. Many researchers hinted various biological activity of fermented pine needle product but none of them explored the in-depth mechanism underpinning its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model. Hence, the current cell line study was designed to assess the underlying mechanism behind the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Pine needles extract (both non-fermented and fermented) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (macrophage). The outcome of this study distinctly showed that EAE-FPN displayed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, pine needle could be developed into functional drink to abolish the progression of inflammatory responses in various disease condition.

Development of multifunctional nanocomposites containing cellulose nanofibrils and soy proteins as food packaging materials

Abstract This study aimed to develop novel multifunctional soy protein-based packaging materials with the incorporation of cellulose nanofibril (CNF), Cedrus deodara pine needle extract (PNE), and lactic acid. The effects of the loaded components on the physical and functional properties of nanocomposites were evaluated. Results indicate that the incorporation of CNF into the composite enhanced its tensile strength due to the filling effects of CNF. The addition of CNF and PNE greatly enhanced the light barrier property of films. Moreover, the films containing PNE displayed strong antioxidant activity and significantly improved antimicrobial effects on foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes). The incorporation of CNF modified the antimicrobial performance of composite films by mitigating the release of PNE and lactic acid from the film matrix. These results demonstrate that as-prepared nanocomposites possess excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and light barrier capacities, which gives them great potential to be used as an active biodegradable food packaging material.

Efficacy of Pine Needle Extract in a Rat Model of Androgenic Alopecia

Efficacy of Pine Needle Extract in a Rat Model of Androgenic Alopecia

Pine ( Pinus densiflora ) needle extract could promote the expression of PCNA and Ki-67 after partial hepatectomy in rat.

PurposeTo investigate the effects of pine needle extract (PNE) on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 during liver regeneration induced by 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rat.MethodsForty-eight male rats (SD, 7 weeks) had surgery (70% PH). They were randomly divided into two groups. PH + PNE group was only provided PNE diluted in water (10%) for drinking and PH group was provided water from 5 days before surgery to the time of sacrifice. PNE was made by pressing and filtering. Animals were sacrificed at 12h, 24h, 36h, 60h, 84h, 168h after PH, respectively. The expressions of PCNA and Ki-67 were determined as proliferation indices.ResultsImmunohistochemistry turned out to increase the expression of PCNA and Ki-67. PCNA expression of PH+PNE group increased up to twice of that of PH group. Western blot also seemed to increase the PCNA expression. These results indicated the promotion of cell proliferation in liver tissue and hepatic regeneration.ConclusionsPine needle extract stimulates the expression of some mitotic proteins during liver regeneration induced by 70% PH in rats. It suggests that administration of pine needle extract could accelerate the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Application of Pine Needle Extract as Cosmetic Material

Application of Pine Needle Extract as Cosmetic Material

PCR Analysis for Halal Authentication of Cosmetics Containing Carrot, Oyster Mushroom, and Pine Needle Extracts

PCR Analysis for Halal Authentication of Cosmetics Containing Carrot, Oyster Mushroom, and Pine Needle Extracts

Bio-synthesis of palladium nanocubes and their electrocatalytic properties.

The bio-synthesis of palladium nanocubes (PdNCs) was realised using pine needle extract as the reducing agent and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as the capping agent. As an eco-friendly and readily available biomass, pine needle extract avoided the use of highly polluting chemical reducing agents. The growth process of PdNCs was analysed using ultraviolet-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Flavonoids, esters, terpenoids and polyhydric alcohols, which contain reductive groups, were mainly responsible for the transition of Pd2+ ions to PdNCs. The morphology and structure of PdNCs were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. It was indicated that the as-prepared PdNCs displayed a relatively high purity and good crystallinity with a face-centred cubic structure and exhibited sizes ranging from 6.11 to 29.51 nm with an average particle size of 11.18 nm. In the methanol electro-oxidation reaction, the PdNCs enclosed by {100} facets exhibited superior electro-catalytic activity to commercial Pd/C, which was rarely reported in other bio-synthesis processes for Pd catalysts. Meanwhile, the PdNCs showed excellent anti-poisoning ability and long-term stability. This study reveals the possibility of preparing shape-controlled PdNCs with a specific structure and excellent electro-catalytic activity.

A Bioscreening Technique for Ultraviolet Irradiation Protective Natural Substances.

Ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) causes genotoxic and aging effects on skin, and sunscreens are used to alleviate the damage. However, sunscreens contain synthetic shielding agents that can cause harmful effects in the environment. Nature-derived substances may have potential as replacement materials for the harmful sunscreen chemicals. However, screening of a broad range of samples is tedious, and often requires a separate genotoxicity assessment. We describe a simple microplate technique for the screening of UV protective substances using a recombinant Escherichia coli biosensor. Both absorbance-based and bioactivity-based shields can be detected with simultaneous information about the sample genotoxicity. With this technique, a controversial sunscreen compound, oxybenzone offers physical or absorbance-based shield but appears genotoxic at higher concentrations (3.3 mg/mL). We also demonstrate that pine needle extract (PiNe ) shields the biosensor from UV-R in a dose-dependent manner without showing genotoxicity. The physical shield of 5 mg/mL PiNe was similar to that of one of the most common UV-shielding compound TiO2 concentration 0.80 mg/mL. The bioactivity-based shield of PiNe also reaches the extent of the physical shield with the highest concentration (3.3 mg/mL). We conclude that our technique is suitable in detecting the UV-shielding potential of natural substances, and gives simultaneous information on genotoxicity.