Pin Fin Arrays Research Articles

Experimental Study of Heat Transfer on the Internal Surfaces of a Double-Wall Structure with Pin Fin Array

The double-wall structure is one of the most effective cooling techniques used in many engineering applications, such as turbine vane/blade, heat exchangers, etc. Heat transfer on the internal surfaces of a double-wall structure was studied at impinging Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 × 104 to 6 × 104 using the transient thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) technique. The two-dimensional distributions of Nusselt numbers and their averaged values were obtained on the impingement surface, target surface and the pin fin surface. The Nusselt number correlations on the surfaces mentioned above were determined as a function of Reynolds number. The results show that the second peak values of the Nusselt number distribution appear on the target surface at all Reynolds numbers studied in this paper for a short distance of the target surface to impingement surface. This phenomenon becomes significant with the further increase of the Reynolds number. The difference between the Nusselt number at the second peak and the stagnation point decreases with the increasing Reynolds number. The maximal Nusselt number regions on the impingement surface appear at the left and right sides of the pin fins between the two impingement holes. The Nusselt numbers of the pin fin surfaces are highly dependent on their various locations in the double-wall structures. The contributions of the impingement surface, pin fin surface and target surface to the overall heat transfer rate are analyzed. The target surface contributed the largest amount of heat transfer rate with a value of about 62%. The heat transfer contribution is from 18% to 21% for the impingement surface and 16% to 18% for the pin fin surfaces within the studied Reynolds numbers.

Effect of shape and distribution of pin-fins on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the rectangular cooling channel

Pin-fin arrays play a very important role in heat transfer enhancement for turbine blade trailing edge. To find a configuration with better heat transfer effect and lower flow resistance, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of several rectangular channels with staggered pin-fins of different shapes (circular, elliptic, oblong, teardrop, lancet and NACA) are studied numerically and then the effects of the spanwise and streamwise spacing of the teardrop and NACA pin-fins are investigated and compared with circular pin-fins. Reynolds number varies from 5 × 103 to 3 × 104. The ratio of streamwise spacing to diameter (X/D) varies from 2.5 to 5, and the ratio of spanwise spacing to diameter (S/D) varies from 2 to 4. It is found that the teardrop and NACA pin-fins are relatively better than the other four pin-fins, and the NACA and teardrop pin-fins at S/D = 3 and X/D = 2.5 have the better flow and heat transfer performance in comparison with circular pin-fins. Moreover, the NACA pin-fins deserve more attentions and work for its potential application in the trailing edge cooling of the actual turbine blades because it is easier to machine based on its reliable profile equation.

The Effect of Orientation on the Performance of Small Free-Convection Heat Sinks for Use With a Thermoelectric Cryotherapy Device

Abstract The rapid development of metal 3D printing techniques has enabled the exploration of complex free-convection heat sink designs. Small free-convection heat sinks with pin-fin arrays (or novel geometries) are widely employed at different orientations in a variety of electronic devices, yet there is limited understanding of how orientation impacts their heat transfer behavior. This article characterizes the orientation-dependent performance of a small, tapered pin, free-convection heat sink (named HS17) manufactured with direct metal laser sintering for use with a thermoelectric scalp cryotherapy device for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. A validated numerical model and custom-built free-convection test rig were used to investigate the heat sink’s performance over the orientation range of 0 deg to 135 deg. HS17 maintained relatively robust performance over the 0 deg to 90 deg range; however, the thermal resistance (Rth) at 112.5 deg and 135 deg was 6% and 11% higher compared to the 90 deg case, respectively. The heat sink design was modified to include a 22.5 deg wedge base (named HS17-W) to mitigate this performance decline, which is important to ensure safe and continued operation of the cryotherapy device. Compared to the flat base heat sink, the wedge-base design successfully reduced Rth from 11.9 K/W, 12.5 K/W, and 12.8 K/W to 11.5 K/W, 11.8 K/W, and 12.3 K/W at 90 deg, 112.5 deg, and 135 deg, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the current proposed design to improve the performance of free-convection heat sinks at downward-facing orientations.

Two-Phase Heat Transfer and Flow Regimes in Pin Fin-Enhanced Microgaps—Effect of Pin Spacing

Abstract An experimental investigation of the flow boiling of dielectric refrigerant R245fa is conducted in microgaps with enhancement features. A silicon microgap of height 200 μm populated with pin fin arrays of diameter 150 μm with spacing 200 μm in both horizontal and vertical directions is examined. For five different test conditions and in a wide range of mass flux from 781 to 5210 kg/m2s, and inlet temperatures in the range of 13–18 °C, average single-phase and two-phase heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, and exit vapor quality are reported. Three major flow patterns are observed in the pin finned area using high-speed flow visualization at frame rate of 2229 fps: foggy, bubbly, and slug flow. Based on the experimental data, a flow regime map is constructed.

Comparing endwall heat transfer among staggered pin fin, Kagome and body centered cubic arrays

Truss-type lattices present good mechanical and thermal properties and are regarded as promising structures for internal cooling. This study presents a systematic comparison of thermo-fluid behaviors among staggered pin fin array, Kagome lattice array and Body Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice array in a rectangular channel under an identical porosity. Transient liquid crystals (TLC) and numerical methods were utilized to explore the flow and endwall heat transfer characteristics in structures. The results reveal that, due to stronger flow mixing and more irregular vortices, the endwall-averaged Nusselt number of the Kagome array and the BCC array is 17–24% and 26–41% higher than that of the pin fin array, respectively. The similar topology results in similar heat transfer characteristics between the Kagome array and the BCC array, and an arc-shaped high heat transfer wake region outside the vertex is induced by the horseshoe vortex and the secondary flow washing the endwall. Meanwhile, for the Kagome array, a strong counter rotating vortex is formed near the bottom endwall, while in contrast, there is no obvious similar flow behavior near the top endwall. This leads to a 46–54% difference in the Nusselt number between the bottom endwall and the top endwall of the Kagome. In addition, the relationship between the element-averaged Nusselt number and Reynolds number of each array is obtained to guide practical applications. This research indicates that BCC or Kagome lattices may become a potential alternative to conventional pin fins due to their higher thermal efficiency.

가스터빈 블레이드 핀-휜 내부 냉각 유로에 분절핀 설치에 따른 바닥면 유동 및 열전달 특성

가스터빈 블레이드 핀-휜 내부 냉각 유로에 분절핀 설치에 따른 바닥면 유동 및 열전달 특성

Computational Analysis of Rotating Effects on Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss of Turbulent Flow in Detached Pin Fin Arrays With Various Clearances

Abstract A detailed computational analysis is carried out on the heat transfer and pressure loss of a turbulent flow in detached pin fin arrays with various clearance values for the Reynolds number range of 20,000–80,000 and the rotation number range of 0–0.3. Clearances exist at the midheight of the detached pin fins, which account for 10%, 15%, and 20% of the full pin fin's height, respectively. The clearances release the fluid stagnation and reduce the bulk flow turbulent mixing level, which significantly reduces the pressure loss. Compared with the pin fin arrays, the pressure loss is decreased by up to 30.5% with the increase of the clearance value for the detached pin fin arrays. Also, the detached pin fin arrays show a maximum increase in the total Nusselt numbers by about 13.5%. Furthermore, the rotation effects can increase the friction factors as well as the Nusselt numbers simultaneously in both the pin fin arrays and the detached pin fin arrays. A higher rotation number can promote the heat transfer enhancement and uniformity in the detached pin fin channels.

Parametric Shape Optimization of Pin-Fin Arrays Using a Surrogate Model-Based Bayesian Method

Pin-fin arrays are generally present in trailing-edge regions of gas-turbine blades for internal cooling purposes. An elevated temperature is important to enhance the thermodynamic efficiency of gas-turbine cycles, and internal blade-cooling mechanisms are employed to mitigate material failure at these high temperatures. It is also important to have high heat transfer at a limited pressure drop to ensure that the overall cycle efficiency is not affected by power loss from driving the flow through internal cooling circuits. A pin-fin shape optimization has been carried out, with the array performance efficiency factor as the objective function, using surrogate modeling-based Bayesian methods. Surrogate modeling/machine learning approaches are instrumental in exploring global solutions to optimization problems using an exploration versus exploitation approach. This ensures prudent use of computational resources for computationally expensive computational fluid dynamics simulations. By varying geometric parameters of the pin fins, a three-dimensional design space has been explored to obtain an optimum pin-fin shape that has the maximum efficiency in the developing region of the flow. An improvement in the efficiency parameter of 1.4 times that of the baseline was obtained in a three-row pin-fin case, and the results were compared with those of genetic-algorithm-based optimization (nondominated sorted genetic algorithm–II). Computation time for optimization was saved by 52%, as an optimum was obtained at lower number of iterations when compared to the genetic algorithm approach, with a 1.2% higher objective function value. This shows an improvement in performance of the current novel approach compared to another stochastic method.

A comprehensive study of pin fins cooling channel for a single‐cell concentration photovoltaic system under ultra‐high concentration ratios

Analysis of the single-cell concentration photovoltaic (CPV) system is challenging due to the high thermal stress across the solar cell surface area inducing extreme degradation of the electro-mechanical behavior. Although the good thermal performance shown by the passive cooling using heat sinks and the different optical configurations based on Cassegrain and Fresnel lens designs, the experimentally achieved concentration ratio (CR) is still below 5800 suns. The actively cooled heat sink integrating millimeter-scale pin-fin array inside a cooling channel can be promising toward minimum heat sink weight and maximum discharge of the generated heat. The current study presents a comprehensive analysis of a pin-fins cooling channel for a single-cell CPV system under ultra-high CRs. The thermal performance and the hydraulic resistance of five pin-fin heat-sink configurations were performed at different CRs and low Reynolds number for an Aluminum substrate material. The inline pin-fins heat sink (PFHS) displayed the minimum average cell temperature for all Reynolds numbers with thermal performance higher than its closest successor by 9.07%. The thermal performance and the pressure drop showed more dependence on streamwise spacing rather than spanwise spacing for all tested staggered pin-fin heat sinks. Pressure drop drastically increased at higher Reynolds number, Re = 726, for the inline pin-fin heat sink reaching a value of 288.20 Pa due to higher disturbance in the streamwise direction. The results demonstrate that the inline pins-fin heat sink with a constant distribution of circular axial grooves (plugs) along each pin can keep the solar cell within a safe operating temperature, that is, 80°C, for CR up to 15 000 suns at an ambient temperature below or equal to 35°C.

Cooling effectiveness of matrix, pin fin array and hybrid structure: A comparative study

In modern gas turbines, the trailing edge of turbine blades must be cooled by compact heat transfer structures. The basic problems in the design of cooling ducts include enhancing heat transfer, reducing pressure loss and obtaining uniform temperature distribution. The purpose is to improve energy efficiency and guarantee the engine lifespan. In this work, both experiment and numerical simulation are employed to study pressure drop and heat transfer of various kinds of cooling configurations. Pin fin array, matrix and hybrid structures are investigated in a comparative study. Thermochromic liquid crystal technique is applied to obtain heat transfer distribution on the channel surface. The results show that matrix creates much stronger heat transfer than pin fin array with increased pressure loss penalty. Performances of matrix structures are quite different due to the configurations (dense or sparse). Hybrid structures are always worse than the baseline matrix in terms of average thermal performance, due to the higher pressure loss, however, heat transfer can be improved. The performance of hybrid structure depends on the arrangement and diameter of the pin fins. Pin fins in central area provide not only larger pressure loss but also stronger heat transfer than pin fins near the bend region. Cases with larger diameter result in the thermal performance degradation. Compared with sparse matrix, the hybrid structures can compensate for the lower heat transfer enhancement. As for the dense hybrid structures, the average heat transfer capacity can be improved with reasonable pin fin arrangement.

Numerical study of turbulent flow and heat transfer in channels with detached pin fin arrays under stationary and rotating conditions

The effects of different detached pin fin configurations were investigated through numerical simulations on the heat transfer and flow structure in rectangular stationary and rotating channels at the Reynolds number range of 10,000–54,000 and the rotation number of 0.15. For the two kinds of detached pin fins, there existed clearances through the full-height pin fins, and the heights of the clearances were 20% of the full pin fins height. The present study focus on the enhancement of heat transfer and the pressure loss reduction with the application of detached pin fins. Moreover, the numerical simulations manifested much lower pressure loss and better heat transfer performance in the detached pin fin channels. The fluid flowed through the clearances producing additional transverse vortices in the wake region behind the pin fins, which greatly enhanced the heat transfer on the endwall downstream of the detached pin fins. Therefore, the uniformity of heat transfer performance on the endwall of the detached pin fin channels was superior to that of the full-height pin fin channels under stationary and rotating conditions. Additionally, the detached pin fin channels with two clearance configurations have decreased friction factors by up to 31.9% and increased overall heat transfer by up to 16.9%, which corresponded to an increase in the overall thermal performance parameters by up to 29.1% compared to the full-height pin-fin channel.

Thermal performance of channel flow with detached and attached pin-fins of hybrid shapes under inlet flow pulsation

A newly devised hybrid pin-fin array composed by the attached rhombuses and the hexagon pin-fins was proposed for heat transfer enhancements. The flow pulsation at channel entrance was stimulated by venting the airflow periodically at the frequencies of 1/4, 1/6 and 1/12 Hz with the time-mean Reynolds number, Re, controlled at 1500, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 to give rise the Strouhal number, Sr, in the range of 0.00028–0.017. At each Re and Sr tested, the open period of vented flow was adjusted to 1/4, 1/2 or 3/4 pulsation cycle to alter the pulsating waveform. A selective set of full-field Nusselt number distributions and Fanning friction factors illustrated the general and individual hydrothermal impacts in association with Re, Sr and the frequency and waveform of the pulsating flow. As Sr increased continuously, the area-averaged time-mean Nusselt numbers were initially reduced but recovered and then raised above than the steady-flow references. The Fanning friction factors of pulsating flows were initially reduced and then increased from the steady-flow baselines as Sr increased. With the significant heat transfer elevations by the present pin-fin array from the smooth tubular flow references, the thermal performance factors at Re≥5000 were above unity. Two sets of empirical correlations were devised for evaluating the time-mean area-averaged Nusselt numbers and Fanning friction factors of the present pin-fin channel with steady and pulsating flows.

Numerical simulation of solar parabolic trough collector with arc-plug insertion

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of insertion of arc-plug within the absorber tube for the thermal improvement of the solar parabolic trough collector (PTC). In order to check the optimized dimension of the arc-plug, eleven different cases have been compared. Ansys-Discovery-Aim 2019 R1 has been used for the evaluation of required thermodynamic and hydraulic properties for these distinct cases of the modified PTC (MPTC). SOLTRACE-7.9 is used for the evaluation of heat flux boundary condition need in the Ansys physics condition. The arc-plug with eleven factor R values that are taken into consideration are 0.394, 0.515, 0.636, 0.757, 0.879, 1, 1.121, 1.242, 1.364, 1.485, and 1.6060. Under the usual sets of operating conditions, the thermal efficiency (η) for factor R = 1 and R = 1.6060 are seen to be varying from 73.09% to 67.55% and 67.78% to 65.37% respectively. Whereas, under the same sets of operating conditions, the highest thermal enhancement index (TEI) for factor R = 1 and R = 1.6060 are observed to be 1.1039 and 1.3016 respectively. The arc-plug can be considered as a triangular fin with its base attached to the high thermal flux region within the absorber tube. Therefore, it cannot be taken as granted that high TEI leads to high thermal efficiency; there may occur that the fins or obstructions may act as insulators at some point of operation. It is observed that for arc-plug with factor R = 1 and R = 0.879; the PTC shows the highest thermal efficiency. Whereas, for the arc-plug with factor R = 1.6060; the PTC shows the highest heat transfer performance. Abbreviations: CFD: Computational fluid dynamics; CPTC: Concentrated parabolic trough collector; MPTC: Modified parabolic trough collector; NUHF: nonuniform heat flux; PFAI-PTC: Pin fin array inserts parabolic trough collector; PTC: Parabolic trough collector; PTR: Parabolic trough receiver; SAT: Smooth absorber tube; SPTC: Smooth parabolic trough collector; SNL: Sandia national laboratory; TEI: Thermal enhancement index; UHF: Uniform heat flux; UMLVE: Unilateral milt-longitudinal vortexes enhanced; USR:Unilateral spiral ribbed

Pressure scrambling effects and the quantification of turbulent scalar flux model uncertainties

Closure models for the turbulent scalar flux are an important source of uncertainty in Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of scalar transport. This paper presents an approach to quantify this uncertainty in simulations of complex engineering flows. The approach addresses the uncertainty in modeling the pressure scrambling (PS) effect, which is the primary mechanism balancing the productions in scalar flux dynamics. Inspired by the two classical phenomenological theories of return-to-isotropy (RI) and isotropization-of-production (IP), we assume that the most likely directions of the PS term are around a fan-shaped region bounded by the RI and IP directions. Subsequently, we propose a strategy that requires two additional simulations, defining perturbations of the PS directions towards the RI and IP limits. The approach is applied to simulations of forced heat convection in a complex pin-fin array configuration, and shows favorable monotonic properties and bounding behaviors for various quantities of interest (QoIs) relevant to heat transfer. To conclude, the results are analyzed from the perspective of transverse scalar transport in a shear flow; the analysis indicates that the proposed approach is likely to exhibit monotonic behaviors in a wide range of scalar transport problems.

Reprint of: Temperature Uniformity Enhancement and Flow Characteristics of Embedded Gradient Distribution Micro Pin Fin Arrays Using Dielectric Coolant for Direct Intra-Chip Cooling

Targeting at reducing temperature gradient in the direct intra-chip cooling, embedded gradient distribution micro pin fin arrays are fabricated. The flow characteristics and temperature uniformity performance are experimentally investigated using dielectric coolant (HFE7100). It is found the dependence of friction factor on Re is weak after reaching a critical Re (293) with a correlation of f~Re−0.14. Obvious flow fluctuations appear with steady stagnant symmetric vortices and unsymmetrical vortices by the experimentally validated numerical results, attributing to the abrupt rise of pressure drop. Moreover, the present gradient micro-pin fin arrays show great strengths in improving thermal performance and lowering temperature gradient. The thermal resistance and maximum temperature difference reduce by 34.6% and 8 K at the Qv of 100 ml/min and qw of 40 W/cm2 compared to the uniform micro pin fin arrays for a same pumping power. Notably, the local temperature uniformity is also improved by gradient distribution micro pin fin arrays with absolute temperature deviations less than 2 K from x=1 mm to x=10 mm. The local Nu based on experimental data show a rapid increase (29%) in the second junction zone where unsteady wakes and flow acceleration occur, bringing considerable enhancement in mixing and local heat transfer.

Assessment of Hybrid RANS/LES Models in Heat and Fluid Flows around Staggered Pin-Fin Arrays

In the present work, the three-dimensional heat and fluid flows around staggered pin-fin arrays are predicted using two hybrid RANS/LES models (an improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) model and a stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) model), and one transitional unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model, called k-ω SSTLM. The periodic segment geometry with a total of nine pins is considered with a channel height of 2D and a distance of 2.5D between each pin. The corresponding Reynolds number based on the pin diameter and the maximum velocity between pins is 10,000. The two hybrid RANS/LES results show the superior prediction of the mean velocity profiles around the pins, pressure distributions on the pin wall, and Nusselt number distributions. However, the transitional model, k-ω SSTLM, shows large discrepancies except in front of the pins where the flow is not fully developed. The vortical structures are well resolved by the two hybrid RANS/LES models. The SBES model is particularly adept at capturing the 3-D vortex structures after the pins. The effects of the blending function switching between RANS and LES mode of the two hybrid RANS/LES models are also investigated.

Quantifying turbulence model uncertainty in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of a pin-fin array. Part 1: Flow field

The assumptions that form the basis for Reynolds stress closure models have been formulated by considering canonical flows. As a result, the accuracy of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations can deteriorate significantly when modeling complex flows, and engineering applications would benefit from methods that can quantify the corresponding uncertainty in the predictions. This paper analyzes the performance of a previously proposed turbulence model uncertainty quantification (UQ) framework for simulations of flow through a pin-fin array. The method is a physics-based, data-free, interval approach that perturbs the Reynolds stress tensor shape towards the three limiting realizable states of anisotropy. The performance of the method is evaluated by determining whether large-eddy simulation results for the quantities of interest are encompassed by the intervals predicted by the UQ method. The results demonstrate that perturbing the stress shapes towards the one-component or two-component limit generally enhances the momentum transport between the bulk flow and wake regions, whereas perturbations towards the three-component limit suppress this transport. For quantities of interest that depend on the mean velocity and pressure field this results in predictions for uncertainty intervals that encompass the reference solution. For the turbulence kinetic energy the method fails to predict an adequate upper bound in regions with larger-scale turbulent structures, and it predicts overly conservative bounds in the pin stagnation regions. Based on these results several suggestions for improving the framework are made.

Quantifying turbulence model uncertainty in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of a pin-fin array. Part 2: Scalar transport

The accuracy of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results for turbulent scalar transport are affected by epistemic uncertainty in the Reynolds stress model in two ways: by altering the mean velocity field that advects the scalar, and by altering the inputs required for scalar flux models. We investigate these effects by propagating uncertainty in the Reynolds stress model to the prediction of scalar quantities in simulations of a pin-fin heat exchanger. The Reynolds stress model uncertainty is quantified by perturbing the anisotropy of the predicted stress tensor towards the three limiting realizable states. This uncertainty is then propagated to the scalar turbulence transport via the conservation law for the mean scalar and the turbulent scalar flux model. We consider three different scalar flux models that explicitly take the Reynolds stresses as input, and evaluate the performance of the models by verifying if high-fidelity large eddy simulation results are encompassed by the model predictions. The results indicate that the predicted uncertainty depends on both the general level of momentum transport and the most-relevant stress component, which is affected by the anisotropy perturbations. The predictions provide a similar bounding behavior for the overall temperature field as for the momentum field, but fail in bounding the local heat transfer rates in several locations. The bounding behaviors are further analyzed in terms of the predicted uncertainty in the flux magnitude, direction, and divergence to identify opportunities for further improvement of the proposed methods.

Temperature Uniformity Enhancement and Flow Characteristics of Embedded Gradient Distribution Micro Pin Fin Arrays Using Dielectric Coolant for Direct Intra-Chip Cooling

Targeting at reducing temperature gradient in the direct intra-chip cooling, embedded gradient distribution micro pin fin arrays are fabricated. The flow characteristics and temperature uniformity performance are experimentally investigated using dielectric coolant (HFE7100). It is found the dependence of friction factor on Re is weak after reaching a critical Re (293) with a correlation of f~Re−0.14. Obvious flow fluctuations appear with steady stagnant symmetric vortices and unsymmetrical vortices by the experimentally validated numerical results, attributing to the abrupt rise of pressure drop. Moreover, the present gradient micro-pin fin arrays show great strengths in improving thermal performance and lowering temperature gradient. The thermal resistance and maximum temperature difference reduce by 34.6% and 8 K at the Qv of 100 ml/min and qw of 40 W/cm2 compared to the uniform micro pin fin arrays for a same pumping power. Notably, the local temperature uniformity is also improved by gradient distribution micro pin fin arrays with absolute temperature deviations less than 2 K from x=1 mm to x=10 mm. The local Nu based on experimental data show a rapid increase (29%) in the second junction zone where unsteady wakes and flow acceleration occur, bringing considerable enhancement in mixing and local heat transfer.

Experimental parametric study of a deep groove within a pin fin arrays regarding fin thermal resistance

Fins, among which pin fins have gained much more interest these days, are extended surfaces attached to a device to increase the heat transfer rate. By manipulating the shape of the pin fins and creating a groove on them, the ratio of the surface to volume increases, leading to enhance the heat transfer. In this study, the effects of groove dimensions which are L, length, X, width, and Y, base distance of the groove, respectively, on the function pin fins with total length of 60 mm and circular cross section with diameter of 6.5 mm in a linear array are evaluated. The mentioned parameters have to be 10 ≤ L ≤ 35, 1 ≤ X ≤ 2, and 5 ≤ Y ≤ 20 mm. Based on these parameters, nine pin fins with the different groove as well as a simple pin fin without groove are fabricated and evaluated. The results are then analyzed and illustrated that the fin with groove with L = 35, Y = 5, and X = 2 mm has the best performance. Further investigations on the parameters of the groove have been carried out and comprehended that the length and width of the groove have an inverse relation to the fin thermal resistance of pin fin arrays while the distance of the groove from the base have the direct relation on its function.