Pilot's Capability Research Articles

전투비행대대 비행스케줄링에 관한 연구

Fighter squadron flight scheduling is the integrated air operation plan that is an important role for improving pilot's flight skill and maintaining combat readiness by efficient using available all air resources including pilot, aircrafts, air-weapons, fuel and supporting facilities etc. Korea airforce, however, has a limit as to an effective flight operation due to manual flight scheduling with scheduler's own experience and intuition. Therefore, in our study, we propose the optimization model of flight scheduling based on mixed integer programming. This model includes several constraints of realistic and essential quantified data related with flight schedule and can assign appropriate pilots optimally which are distinctive three type's solutions : flight, alert and duty crew schedules. Proposed solution method can be improved pilot's capability and allocated further air resources systematically and efficiently. In addition, it can be reduced a workload of flight scheduler and minimized obstructed factors of flight safety. Finally, we demonstrate the experiment's results for the check of efficiency and validity of this model.

Learning to Fly—The Progressive Development of Situation Awareness

The aim of this article is to argue learning as interaction, and how processes of learning a content as constituted in interaction, can be approached analytically and theoretically. Within aviation, the concept of situation awareness (SA) is used to describe a pilot's capability of correctly perceiving and interpreting a situation, and of understanding what the implications are. We investigate how SA is constituted in interaction, through the theoretical and methodological perspective of conversation analysis. In the analysis, we focus how a student develops SA as an intrinsic part of learning how to fly an airplane.

The Application of Scenario Based Recurrent Training to Teach Single Pilot Resource Management (SRM) Under the FAA Industry Training Standards (FITS) Program

Research indicates that improving a pilot's capability to exercise sound judgment and make informed and timely decisions may significantly improve flight safety. One approach to this problem is the introduction of scenario-based training (SBT) into flight training curriculums. At the request of the Cirrus Owner's and Pilots Association (COPA), the author developed and conducted four 3-hour scenario based seminars embodying these concepts and collected initial data from the 54 participants. A longitudinal study of this initial group will form the basis for additional research.

Displays for avionics

The last five years has seen the development of microprocessors, the large scale integration of components and the introduction of electronic display devices capable of meeting the standards required for use in military fighter aircraft. At the same time, the pilot's task of interpretation of the data has reached a level at which it is beginning to exceed his capabilities. This is a good time to reassess the pilot's capabilities and tasks, and to investigate how the electronics revolution can be harnessed in this particularly demanding environment. This paper gives a history of cockpit development and discusses the ways in which electronic displays may be used to reduce the data presentation problem.

Pilot response in combined control tasks.

Pilot response in a multi-task simulation, which consisted of a primary control task combined with one or two secondary or side control tasks, was investigated. A general description of the response characteristics of each of these tasks was obtained and this information was used to determine the work-load requirements of the tasks. Two different control tasks were used as the primary control task, either a fixed-base simulation of a lunar letdown or a simplified multi-loop tracking task which was similar to the end portion of the lunar letdown. The simplified tracking task was used in lieu of the more complicated lunar letdown because it could be represented and reproduced analytically. The secondary or side tasks consisted of a system failures task and a motor response task. The system failures task was incorporated from those systems present in a vehicle known as the Mercury Procedures Trainer. The motor response task was similar to that presented by the late Dr. Fitts of the University of Michigan. The task consisted of using a pencil-like device to make impacts on two separated, restricted columns. An evaluation of the pilot's capability in controlling the multi-task simulation and a determination of the inter-task correlation was made. It was shown that either of the two side tasks produced similar effects on the primary task. Quality measurements were made of all three tasks in all possible combinations. The degradation of each, when in the combined task tests, was then correlated to the other task(s) of the same test. A simple relationship was found by which one could predict the time required of a human operator to perform the particular task(s) in question. This relationship could be used to determine the workloading qualities of the tasks when performed either alone or combined. An analytical representation for the degraded pilot response in the multi-loop tracking task was also obtained.

Some consideration on the controllability limit of a human pilot.

The limit of a human pilot's capability in controlling an unstable second-order system with positive static stability is theoretically investigated. A modified expression is proposed for the transfer function of a human pilot who is aware of the dynamic characteristics of the system. His controllability limit is analyzed by use of the modified transfer function and servomechanism theory. The theoretical results thus obtained are compared with experimental results. The physical interpretation of the theoretical results in connection with experimental results shows good insight into the controllability limit of a human pilot. Nomenclature 7p($) = transfer function of human pilot Yc(S) = transfer function of control system YA(S) = transfer function of controlled element S = Laplace transform operator Kp = human pilot gain

Controllability limit of a human pilot

The limit of a human pilot's capability in controlling an unstable second-order system, hereafter called an element, is theoretically analyzed; the transfer function of the human pilot is assumed, and the stability boundary of the closed system consisting of the human pilot and the controlled element is analyzed. The boundary thus obtained is considered to suggest the theoretical controllability limit of the human pilot. In connection with the theoretical analysis, fixed-base flight simulator tests are conducted; the analogous controlled element is set in the simulator, and the controllability limit is investigated by an experienced pilot. The physical interpretation of the experimental data \vith respect to the theoretical results shows good insight into the controllability limit of the human pilot.

Flight Simulation for Research

SummarySome of the uses of ground based flight simulation as a research tool to aid the design of new aircraft and their equipment are described. The function of the simulator is to provide a method for investigating humon flying tasks in the laboratory, so that the relationship between the pilot's capabilities and the equipment's characteristics can be systematically studied. The paper is presented in two parts describing recent work on two research simulators at the RAE.Part I deals with the use of simulation for studying aircraft stability and control characteristics. The equipment used at RAE for this work is described, with particular emphasis on methods of presenting to the pilot a simulated view of the outside world, and for reproducing some of the motion cues which he experiences in flight. Experimental evidence of the importance of these simulation cues when making aircraft control assessments is also presented. Several examples of simulation studies into the control of conventional and VTOL aircraft are given, to illustrate the type of research problems in this field which may be tackled and the techniques involved in solving them.

Determination of Lift or Drag Programs to Minimize Re-Entry Heating

A study of single-pass re-entry from escape speed and from circular satellite speed is made to determine the lift program for a hypersonic glider and the drag-modulation program for a nonlifting vehicle that minimize the heating of the vehicles within acceleration or range constraints. A new of numerical solution is used, similar to Kelley's method of gradients, that permits rapid convergence to the optimum lift program starting with an original good estimate. This avoids the twopoint boundary-value problem of the calculus-of-variations formulation, and is applicable to any optimum-programing problem. An acceleration-tolerance limit is introduced which describes the human pilot's capability to withstand acceleration more accurately than a simple acceleration limit. at tack program, must be determined in order to minimize the total heat and satisfy the desired terminal constraints. The straightforward approach to solving such complicated problems has not met with any significant success, despite the fact t ha t the formulation is clear.7 Recently Kelley and the present authors developed, almost simultaneously, a steepest descent technique which is capable of solving such complicated variational problems in a practical way using highspeed digital computers. This technique is presented in the next section and then it is applied to the two problems described above.