Pigs Of Large White Breed Research Articles

Effects of divergent selection upon adrenocortical activity on immune traits in pig

BackgroundThe sustainability of farming and animal welfare requires the reconsideration of current selection schemes. In particular, implementation of new selection criteria related to animal health and welfare should help to produce more robust animals and to reduce anti-microbial use. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis plays a major role in metabolic regulation and adaptation processes and its activity is strongly influenced by genetic factors. A positive association between HPA axis activity and robustness was recently described. To explore whether selecting pigs upon HPA axis activity could increase their robustness, a divergent selection experiment was carried out in the Large White pig breed. This allowed the generation of low (HPAlo) and high (HPAhi) responders to adrenocorticotropic hormone administration.ResultsIn this study, we compared 23 hematologic and immune parameters of 6-week-old, HPAlo and HPAhi piglets and analysed their response to a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) two weeks later. At six weeks of age, HPAhi piglets displayed greater red blood cell and leucocyte number including CD8α+ γδ cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, naive T helper (Th) cells and B lymphocytes as compared to HPAlo individuals. The ability of blood cells to secrete TNFα in response to LPS ex vivo was higher for HPAhi pigs. At week eight, the inflammatory response to the LPS in vivo challenge was poorly affected by the HPA axis activity.ConclusionsDivergent selection upon HPA axis activity modulated hematologic and immune parameters in 6-week-old pigs, which may confer an advantage to HPAhi pigs at weaning. However, HPAlo and HPAhi piglets did not exhibit major differences in the parameters analysed two weeks later, i. e. in 8-week-old pigs. In conclusion, chronic exposure to high cortisol levels in HPAhi pigs does not negatively impact immunity.

The COXII Haplotypes and their Association with Productive Traits in Large White Breed Pigs

The mitochondrial genome encodes key electron transfer chain (ETC) proteins which produce the vast majority of cellular ATP. Sequence analysis of maternal inherited mitochondrial DNA is an effective way to assess the individual characteristics of commercial breeding lines of pigs. The aims of our study were to analyze the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial gene COXII in Large White pigs, to search for polymorphisms and to evaluate their associations with pigs productive abilities and the backfat thickness. The studied pigs of Large White were divided in two groups. The first group (LW-1) was consisted of pigs bred in Russian Federation since 1998. The second group (LW-2) included pigs of Large White imported in 2014 to Russia from England. To evaluate the associations of the COXII gene haplotypes with productive qualities, 96 sow LW-1 were selected. The variability analysis of the COXII revealed the presence of three haplotypes: Hap_1 (TTTCTGGAT, in positions m.8292, m.8334, m.8419, m.8466, m.8526, m.8634, m.8664, m.8682, m.8682, m.8694 respectively), Hap_2 (CCCCCAAGC) and Hap_3 (TTTTTGGAT). We have obtained the results on the association of the COXII polymorphic variants in the loci (m.C8292, m.C8334, m.C8419, m.C8526, m.A8634, m.A8664, m.G8682, m.C8694) that are typical for Hap_2, with higher value of backfat thickness in pigs.

Репродуктивні якості свинок різних порід

Intensive managing of the pig industry requires the use of specialized high productive breeds of pigs, at the same time demanding the creation of optimal conditions for feeding and retention to show their reproductive capacity, especially at the beginning of their sexual cycle. The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between the reproductive qualities of gilts of different breeds with their hormonal background during the sexual cycle. The experiment was performed on clinically healthy pigs, selected on the principle of analogues in two experimental groups of 5 heads in each: the Pietrain breed and Large White breed. The evaluation of the hormonal status of pigs was carried out based on the results of the determination of the concentration of testosterone and estradiol in blood serum during diestrus and 24 hours after the establishment of standing reflex (estrus). Artificial insemination (intracervical) of the pigs was carried out after 24 and 36 hours after the establishment of a standing reflex, depending on the manifestation of the signs of the oestrus. The evaluation of reproductive qualities of the pigs was carried out according to their fertility, multiplicity and mass of piglets at weaning at two months of age. The experimental data obtained during our study testifies that the breed factor significantly influenced the time of the onset of the first oestrus - in the Large White breed on the 145th, and the Pietrain breed - on the 166th day of development of the pigs. With an increasing in the number of sexual cycles, in general, there was a normalization during the second sexual cycle in the direction of reduction - in the Large White breed - to 24 days, and the Pietrain breed – to 27 days. It was established that the pigs of Large White breed are fertilized by 15% better than pigs of Pietrain breed. The revealed differences are due to the peculiarities of their hormonal background. Thus, the factor of the genotype had a significant effect on the reduction of the testosterone content in the period of the oestrus by 16.6% in the Large White breed, while in the Pietrain breed - increasing of level of this hormone by 37.5%. The concentration of estradiol in the excitation phase increases almost equally in animals of both breeds, against a background of a sharp decrease (in comparison with diestrus) of the level of progesterone in the pigs of a Large White breed in 4 times (p <0.01), Pietrain breed in 3.2 times (p <0.05). A more pronounced relationship between the level of hormones with individual reproductive qualities in the piglets of the Pietrain breed, relatively to the Large White, was noted. The existence of a significant correlations between the level of progesterone in the piglets of the first genotype with the number of piglets at birth (r = 0.79), weaning (r = 0.68) and weight of the nest at 60 days of age (r = 0.70) were established. In sows of Large White breed, a significant effect of blood serum testosterone concentration on live weight of piglets at birth (r = 0.79) was founded.

Andrological examination of Hungarian Large White and Landrace boars

The Hungarian Large White and Hungarian Landrace pig breeds have outstanding lifetime performance, production parameters and crossbreeding ability. Nevertheless, during the recent decades, these breeds could not compete with the West European hybrid pigs concerning on production results. In this study, we made a complex andrological evaluation of boars in different Hungarian nucleus breeding stocks. After taking blood and semen samples, performing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge, ultrasonic and thermographic examinations were done. Laboratory tests were accomplished in reproduction labs of NARIC ABNMS. Our goal was to determine the reproductive performances of boars and collect samples for future genetic examinations, respectively.

Physiological state and productivity of young pigs for probiotic action

Due to the impact of adverse environmental factors, unsatisfactory conditions of pig population, deterioration of food supply, abuse of antibiotics, lack of preventive measures, leads to the development of diseases among pigs, especially young, which leads to a decrease in resistance, body performance, reproduction and reduction of livestock, as well as large economic losses. The use of bacterial preparations from living microorganisms can significantly reduce or even eliminate the use of antibiotics and hormones in the cultivation of healthy animals, to obtain high-quality and safe high-grade products. The aim of the work is to study the effect of probiotic EM – 1 on the physiological state and productivity of young pigs of large white breed. The experiment was conducted on two groups (6 heads each) of animals-analogues, starting from 60 days of age, for 2 months. Animals of the control group received feed produced in the farm. Piglets of the experimental group in addition to the main diet received 5% of feed fermented with em-1. Evaluation of the physiological state and productivity of young pigs was carried out on 60, 90 and 120 days of experience according to the methods adopted in clinical practice. Hygienic, hematological, biochemical, zootechnical and statistical methods of research were used in the performance of the work. The use of probiotic EM-1 in animals of the experimental group led to an increase in hemoglobine concentration by 7.7%, an increase in the number of red blood cells by 13.7%, the total number of leukocytes by 9.52%, and glucose concentration by 11.4%. The advantage of the viability of these pigs for the content of total protein (P &lt; 0.05), γ–globulins by 18.6%, the activity of aminotransferases (AlАT, AsAT; P &lt; 0.05), the average daily gain increased by 12.3% at the end of the experiment. For feeding piglets feed with probiotic EM-1 increased metabolic processes, resistance and productivity of the body, which indicates a higher level of redox reactions in their body.

Insertion of 275-bp SINE into first intron of PDIA4 gene is associated with litter size in Xiang pigs

The aim of the study was to investigate the SINE polymorphism in Xiang, Kele, Qianbei black, Jiangkouluobo, Large White, and Duroc pig breeds. The PCR based detection method was conducted to identify the short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) polymorphism in the PDIA4 gene. There were greater frequencies of the SINE−/− genotypes in Xiang pigs (55.9%) as compared with other pig breed groups. There was an association between this 275 bp SINE polymorphism and litter size (P = 0.003). The homozygous SINE+/+ genotype of the PDIA4 gene had a 1.45-piglets larger litter sizes compared to those with the homozygous SINE−/− genotype. Furthermore, there were assessments of mRNA and protein abundances as a result of PDIA4 gene expression in the ovaries of Xiang pigs for the three different SINE genotypes, and the results indicated that relative abundances of PDIA4 mRNA and protein was greater for the SINE−/− and SINE−/+ genotypes compared with the SINE+/+ genotype (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that the 275 bp SINE polymorphism might change the expression of the PDIA4 gene and could be used as a candidate DNA marker for the selection for litter size in Xiang pigs.

Особливості обміну речовин чистопородного і помісного молодняку свиней

Особливості обміну речовин чистопородного і помісного молодняку свиней

Teat number parameters in Italian Large White pigs: Phenotypic analysis and association with vertnin (VRTN) gene allele variants

Teat number (TN) is a major determinant of the mothering ability of sows that in turn influences their reproductive efficiency. Even if the total number of teats is routinely recorded in many pig breeding programs, its individual side count is not commonly recorded and just few investigations have evaluated the bilateral symmetry of this morphological trait. Several studies in pigs have identified genes or genomic regions affecting teat traits. For example, polymorphisms in the vertnin (VRTN) gene have been associated with the number of thoracic vertebrae and with TN in a few pig breeds. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic variability of traits related to teat count including number of teats on the left (LTN) and right (RTN) side, TN, maximum number of teats between the two sides (MAX) and teat asymmetry traits (signed and absolute difference between RTN and LTN) in 793 Italian Large White heavy pigs. Furthermore, we genotyped these pigs for the AB554652:g.20311_20312ins291 VRTN gene polymorphism and evaluated its effect on the recorded teat parameters. This polymorphism was significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with all investigated traits, except the asymmetry traits. The estimated additive effects were 0.35 for TN, 0.19 for RTN, 0.16 for LTN and 0.17 for MAX, with a favorable effect of the mutated Q allele (the allele derived by the inserted 291 bp fragment). Selection for the VRTN Q allele could expedite the genetic progress for teat number and thus might be important to improve reproduction performances of the Italian Large White heavy pig breed.

Полиморфизм SNP rs80867243, rs81379421 и rs81236069 у свиней материнских пород

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are increasingly used in the investigation of the genetic architecture of the reproductive traits of pigs. Based on the results of these studies, 47 SNPs associated with the Total number born alive (NBA) of European breeds (Large White, Yorkshire, Landrace) were identified, which are presented in the PigQTLdb. The aim of this work is to develop a procedure for testing SNPs rs80867243 (SSC5), rs81379421 (SSC3), rs81236069 (SSC10) by PCR-RFLP and to evaluate their polymorphism in maternal pigs bred in the conditions of the Russian breeding industry. The research was carried out in pigs of Large White breed (n = 60) and Landrace (n = 63). SNP positions were determined from the last assembly of the pig genome (Sus scrofa 11.1) in the Ensembl database. The primers and restriction endonucleases for identification of SNP by PCR-RFLP were selected using Primer-BLAST and NEBcutter V2.0 programs, respectively. According to the results of molecular genetic studies, Landrace pigs are polymorphic in all investigated SNPs. The allele frequencies A and G for SNPs rs80867243, rs81379421 and rs81236069 were 0.81 and 0.19; 0.43 and 0.57; 0.21 and 0.79, respectively. In Large White pigs polymorphism was established for SNPs rs81379421 and rs81236069, the frequencies of alleles A and G were 0.07 and 0.93; 0.30 and 0.70, respectively. The methods of testing SNPs rs80867243, rs81379421 and rs81236069, which can be used in further studies on the pigs bred in breeding farms of the Russian Federation as well as in the study of associative connections of SNPs with reproductive traits are presented in the article.

Association study highlights the influence of ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 gene region on backfat fatty acid composition in Large White pig breed

Dietary fatty acid (FA) composition has an impact on human health. There is an increasing request from consumers for healthier food and pork industry must respond to it without worsening performance and the technological properties of pork products. The inclusion of genetic markers for carcass FA composition in pig selection schemes could be a useful tool to reach the right balance between unsaturated and saturated FAs to satisfy market demands. With the aim of finding genomic regions associated with porcine backfat FA composition, a genome-wide association study was performed on 798 Italian Large White pigs genotyped using Illumina PorcineSNP60 k. The strongest associations with backfat contents of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, medium-chain and long-chain FAs were found for the Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 8 region located at 119 to 122 Mb, where the gene ELOVL FA elongase 6 is mapped. Palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and oleic acid contents were also found associated with SSC14, in particular with the genomic region at 121 to 124 Mb, where stearoyl-CoA desaturase Δ9 gene lies. On the other hand, the genomic regions associated with backfat contents of arachidic, arachidonic, n-6 and n-3 FAs showed to harbour mainly genes involved in dietary lipids and carbohydrates digestion, absorption and utilisation. To our knowledge, this is the first study performed in Large White pigs identifying markers and genomic regions associated with backfat FA composition. The results validate in Large White some associations previously detected in other pig breeds and indicate the involvement of distinct metabolic pathways in the deposition pattern of essential and non-essential FAs.

ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ФЕРМЕНТЫ В КОМБИКОРМАХ ДЛЯ СВИНЕЙ

One of the main promising areas in the technology of pigs feeding and the development of the industry is the use of enzyme preparations. Enzymes are specific proteins, that fulfill the role of biological catalysts in a living organism. Enzymes, unlike hormones and biostimulants, do not act on the animal organism, but on the components of the feed in the gastrointestinal tract, they do not accumulate in the body and products of animal husbandry. The scientific and economic experience was carried out on the basis of the CJSC “Progress” enterprise of the Yalchik district of the Chuvash Republic from May to October 2015. Studies were carried out on young pigs of large white breed at the age of 2 to 7 months. Three groups of clinically healthy gilts were formed according to the principle of analog groups of 12 heads in each one. The duration of scientific and economic experience was 150 days. The pigs of all groups were in the same conditions of feeding and maintenance, and they were fed mixed fodders in accordance with detailed feeding standards. Control samples are animals that received mixed feed, used in the farm when feeding young pigs. The feedstuff of the first experimental group was enriched additionally with a mixture of enzyme preparations №1 and №2, the second test group with mixture №1 and №3. At the beginning of the experiment in all groups, the average live weight of pigs was almost the same and amounted to 17.8 to 18.1 kg. At the end of the experiment, this parameter in the control group was 112.0 kg, in the first test group - 125.1 kg, in the second test group - 120.3 kg. Feed costs per 1 kg of gain were 4.82 energy feed unit in the control group, 4.25 energy feed unit in the first group and 4.44 energy feed unit in the second test group. The production was received for 1 ruble of additional costs in the first experimental group to 8.29 rubles and to 6.06 rubles in the second experimental group.

Хімічний, мінеральний і амінокислотний склад м’яса свиней за введення селеновмісних добавок у раціон

&lt;p&gt;The productivity of young pigs grown for meat and slaughter quality of their products was estimated at use of feed with different levels and sources of selenium. Pigs of large white breed were used for scientific experiment that was carried out by method of groups (pairs-analogues). The level of inorganic and organic selenium in the diets of experimental groups was regulated by the introduction of feed of sodium selenite and Sel-Plex. Part of selenium in mixed fodder of poultry control group was 0.07 mg/kg of dry matter and in the fodder of pigs of 2-th, 3-th, 4-th and 5-th research groups that were 0.2; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg of dry matter respectively. The animals of second group were administered in feed sodium selenite and 3, 4 and 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; – Sel-Plex. The feeding was done by group and feed was distributed twice – in morning and evening. It was proved introducing selenium in feed young pigs was improved the quality and biological value of meat. The inclusion of organic selenium at 0.3–0.4 mg/kg dry matter was contributed to increasing concentrations of selenium in meat by 36.8 and 48.0 %, copper – by 25.6 and 26.8, zinc – 20.8 and 21.3 % and was reduced the concentration of cadmium in 29.7–35.1 % mercury – in 18.8–19.2 % in meat. It was determined to trend to increasing of lead content in products slaughter of animals experimental groups. The use of sodium selenite compared to the organic compound is less positive impact on meat quality of pigs.&lt;/p&gt;

ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL SIGNS OF PIGS OF PAE "DZVENACHE"

ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL SIGNS OF PIGS OF PAE "DZVENACHE"

Feasibility of profound hypothermia as part of extracorporeal life support in a pig model

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of a refined aortic flush catheter and pump system to induce emergency preservation and resuscitation before extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a normovolemic cardiac arrest swine model simulating near real size/weight conditions of adults. MethodsIn this feasibility study, 8 female Large White breed pigs weighing 70 to 80 kg underwent ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest for 15 minutes, followed by 4°C aortic flush (150 mL/kg for the brain; 50 mL/kg for the spine) via a new hardware ensued by resuscitation with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ResultsBrain temperature was lowered from 39.9°C (interquartile range [IQR] 39.6-40.3) to 24.0°C (IQR 20.8-28.9) in 12 minutes (IQR 11-16) with a median cooling rate of 1.3°C (IQR 0.7-1.6) per minute. A median of 776 mL (IQR 673-840) per minute with a median pump pressure of 1487 mm Hg (IQR 1324-1545) were pumped to the brain. ConclusionsWith the new hardware, we were able to cool the brain within a few minutes in a large pig cardiac arrest model. The exact position; the design, diameter, and length of the flush catheter; and the brain perfusion pressure seem to be critical to effectively reduce brain temperature. Redistribution of peripheral blood could lead to sterile inflammation again and might be avoided.

Динамика прироста живой массы молодняка свиней при использовании в составе комбикормов ферментных препаратов отечественного производства

Представлены результаты исследований по использованию смесей ферментных препаратов отечественного производства в составе комбикормов для молодняка свиней на доращивании и откорме. Научно-хозяйственный опыт проводили по методу групп-аналогов при идентичных условиях кормления и содержания с учетом породы, происхождения, возраста и живой массы на свинотоварной ферме закрытого акционерного общества «Прогресс» Яльчикского района Чувашской Республики. Материалом служили нормально развитые и здоровые поросята крупной белой породы. Для установления влияния смеси ферментных препаратов на энергию роста подопытных животных ежемесячно проводили их индивидуальное взвешивание, при этом определяли динамику живой массы, абсолютный и среднесуточный приросты. Дополнительно в состав комбикорма для опытных групп вводили различные смеси ферментных препаратов: амилосубтилин и целлолюкс, амилосубтилин и протосубтилин. Установлено, что предпочтение должно быть отдано смеси амилосубтилина и целлолюкса.

A genome-wide association study for a proxy of intermuscular fat level in the Italian Large White breed identifies genomic regions affecting an important quality parameter for dry-cured hams.

Intermuscular fat content in protected designations of origin dry-cured hams is a very important meat quality trait that affects the acceptability of the product by the consumers. An excess in intermuscular fat (defined as the level of fat deposition between leg muscles) is a defect that depreciates the final product. In this study we carried out a genome-wide association study for visible intermuscular fat (VIF) of hams in the Italian Large White pig breed. This trait was evaluated on the exposed muscles of green legs in 1122 performance-tested gilts by trained personnel, according to a classification scale useful for routine and cheap evaluation. All animals were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. The genome-wide association study identified three QTL regions on porcine chromosome 1 (SSC1; accounting for ~79% of the SNPs below the 5.0E-04 threshold) and SSC2, two on SSC7 and one each on SSC3, SSC6, SSC9, SSC11, SSC13, SSC15, SSC16 and SSC17. The most significant SNP (ALGA0004143 on SSC1 at 77.3Mb; PFDR <0.05), included in the largest QTL region which spanned about 6.8Mb on SSC1, is located within the glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2 (GRIK2) gene. Functional annotation of all genes included in QTL regions for VIF suggested that intermuscular fat in the Italian Large White breed is a complex trait apparently influenced by complex biological mechanisms also involving obesity-related processes. These QTL target mainly chromosome regions different from those affecting subcutaneous and intramuscular fat deposition.

Ferments in the colon tissues of different age piglets

The article presents the results of research activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, -amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatases in the tissues of the outer and inner colon intestines of pigs of large white breed, grown in a pig. Installed the nature and intensity of age-related changes in boars and boars-castrated at the age of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, 120 and 180 days. In the outer tissues of the colon the most intense age-related changes in Alt activity detected in molozivno-milk (reduced 40.4%) and third dairy (increases 1.6 times) of phases of supply; the level of ASAT - phase power as molozivno-milk (reduced 42.3%) and definitive (increased 1.5 times); the activity of -amylase in milk-molozivno phase (increased 2.5 times); the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the second (an increase of 1.9 times) and in the third phase of milk feeding (reduced by 50,1%) in the first phase of the definitive power (increasing by 1.9 times). In the inner tissue of the colon changes in the activity of enzymes of Alat is found in the first breast (falls to 61.9 per cent), in the third dairy (increases 1.6 times) and the first definitive (increased 2.4 times) the power phases; ASAT - in the first phase of milk feeding (reduced 68.4%) and in the first phase of the definitive power (increase in 1.6 times); -amylase is reduced in the second phase of milk feeding (47.1%) and increased in the third (1.8 times) and fourth (1.9 times) phases definitive power; Alkaline phosphatase is increased in the first phase of milk feeding (1.6-fold) and decreases in the second phase of milk feeding (52.8%); KF first milk increased respectively by 3.7 and 2.6 times and the first definitive falls to 75.4 per cent and 64.2%.

Impact of feeding with protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» on the structure of gastrointestinal tract of young pigs

The research was conducted on two groups–analogues of young pigs of large white breed with 10 pigs each. Weaned piglets at the age of 28 days were fed with the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» – starter in the amount of 25% of grain feed (33 days), while young pigs in growing were given the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» – grower in the amount of 15% (50 days) and those in fattening the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» – finisher in the amount of 10% (62 days). The control group received protein–vitamin mineral supplement. At the end of growing with the live weight of 100 – 110 kg a control slaughter was carried out and samples of stomach, small and large intestines for laboratory tests were picked out. Studies have shown that feeding of young pigs with the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» increases the average daily gains by 95 g or 15.68%, while their level is 701 g in the experimental group of animals and 606 g in the control one. The protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» incredibly affected the morphological parameters of the stomach in the experimental group of pigs. However, the thickening of the walls by 4.3%, 5% and 10.9% respectively is observed in cardiac, fundic and pyloric areas of the experimental group, compared to the control one. The thickening of the walls in stomach areas under the influence of feed factor is associated with increasing of the mucosa thickness. Mucosa increased by 0.1 mm in the cardiac area, 0.36 mm in fundic and 0.53 mm in the pyloric one. The change in the structure of the investigated jejunum is observed while consuming the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» in the diet. The wall thickness increased by 17.57% (P &lt; 0.05), including the thickening of mucosa by 16.7% and that of serous–muscular shell by 18.8%. No significant difference in the structure of the colon in the experimental group of animals was determined.

Quality of pork at feeding PVMD «Enervik» with karnitin

It is shown that feeding young pigs raised for their meat, BVMD «Enervic» Carney Tina in doses of 50 and 100 g/t of feed, promotes weight gain carcass weight up to 14 kg, the yield of muscle tissue in 2.14 – 2.46% while reducing the percentage of fat and bone tissue, and increased subcutaneous thickness of fat on the lower back, sacrum and decrease at the neck and withers. BVMD «Enervic» Carney Tina in the diet of young pigs improves podotremata ability muscle, its part of the nitrogen and caloric content, with nevrona reduce tenderness and marbling, which are correlated with the decrease in the yield of fat parts of the carcass. These results were obtained in the result of carrying out of scientific and economic experience into three groups–analogues of young pigs of large white breed at 11 goals each. Initial live weight was 8.5 kg at weaning from sows at 28–days age. The calves were reared to achieve the failed condition – live weight 100 – 117 kg, and was followed by monitoring slaughter and the appropriate calculations of slaughter products and physically–chemical parameters of muscle tissue. The youngsters were grown, taking account of the phases of feeding in accordance with the characteristics of individual growth and development in the first year of life. In this regard, the animals of the second group phase 20 – 35 kg, 35 – 65 kg 65 – 110 kg received BVMD «Enervic» – starter, with a dose of Carney fence 50g/t of concentrate, and the third in the same plan – 100 g/t. First, the control group consumed BVMD without carnitine. Background feeding pigs provided the average daily gains for 127 days of the main period of experience 761 and 722 g in the experimental groups, versus 676 g in control.

PVMA «Intermiks» in rations pigs

Getting the maximum performance level of modern breeds of pigs is possible with the full support of young vyroschuvalnoho all the necessary nutrients that possible when applying animal feed mixtures concentrating particularly PVMA. Introduction to the diet helps to ensure maximum utilization of nutrients, positively affects digestion and assimilation of them. This leads to the efficient use of feed, animal productivity and improve product quality. The feature of creating new PVMA now is that when developing recipes take into account the chemical composition of available forage in a specific region or sector, current feed feeding fodder in the assessment of energy feed units, optimal conditions of detention and genotype pigs. The new PVMA Intermiks include VS (starter and finisher hrouer) designed for feeding young pigs in growing meat in the final period of fattening. However, the practical use of them requires scientific justification. Therefore, the aim of research was to study the performance and hematological indices of young pigs when administered in the diet PVMA Intermiks VS–10%.Research conducted on three groups–analogues young pigs of large white breed, on 12 goals each. During the feeding phase 65 – 110 kh young second received PVMA Intermiks VS–10% (hrouer–finisher), and the third – PVMA Interfiks VS–10% (finisher). PVMA were manufactured at the production facilities Ukrainian firm «Interahroteh» At the end of fattening blood samples were taken for laboratory tests. Studies have shown that the use in diets of young PVMA Intermiks VS–10% (hrouer–finisher) increases the average daily increments to 113h or na15,1% and reduce the cost of feed for 1 kg increase by 14%. If consumption PVMA Intemmiks VS–10% (finisher) increased by increments of 13 g, or at 1.74%. Accordingly, average daily rate increases was the second 859 h and 759 h in the third group, against 746h in control. When feeding PVMA Intermiks VS–10% (hrouer–finisher) tends to increase the number of red blood cells in the blood (1 – 4.9%), hemoglobin (in 6,1 – 3.6%), leukocytes (1.5 – 4,2%). For PVMA Intermiks VS–10% (finisher) in the diet of animals between group difference was observed all blood parameters are within the physiological norm. It is concluded that for practical use in feeding young pigs in growing meat are recommended fed PVMA Intermiks VS–10% (hrouer–finisher).