Pigmentation Of Teeth Research Articles

Dental cementum anchored microspheres embedded in a self-healing hydrogel for the antibacterial, anti-inflammation, osteogenic, and anti-osteoclastic management of periodontitis disease.

Periodontitis, a prevalent chronic oral disease, poses a significant threat to periodontal tissues, often resulting in substantial attachment loss and tooth shedding. Leveraging the principles of bone affinity and the mechanism underlying tetracycline pigmentation of teeth, this study strategically employed tetracycline (TC) as a bone-affinity group. We modified TC on the surface of polylactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) microspheres (MSs) through covalent binding, and then loaded berberine (BBR) MSs into a thermosensitive self-healing hydrogel delivery system (BBR/TC-MS). It was verified that the BBR/TC-MS gel rapidly formed an in situ reservoir in the periodontal pocket upon injection, and the chelation between TC and cementum in the periodontal pocket enhanced the anchoring effect of the TC-modified microspheres on cementum, preventing their loss through gingival crevicular fluid. Subsequently, we proved in vitro and in vivo that the BBR/TC-MS gel has excellent bacteriostatic effects against the periodontal pathogenic bacteria Fusobacterium necrophorum (Fn), anti-inflammation property in periodontal and gingival tissues, and osteogenic effect by regulating the RANKL-RANK-OPG pathway to diminish osteoclast activity, thus continuously exerting antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and anti-osteoclastic effects. This innovative approach holds promise as a targeted and effective strategy for combating multifaceted challenges posed by periodontitis.

Non-invasive vital teeth whitening for enhanced facial esthetic: A case report

For ages, a bright white smile symbolizes beauty, wellness, and vitality. The translucency and thickness of the enamel, hue of the underlying dentin, vitality, and color of the pulp all contribute to the pigmentation of teeth. Color changes in the crown can be due to physiologic or pathologic and endogenous or exogenous factors. Extrinsic or intrinsic stains are the most common causes of tooth discoloration. Discoloration, especially in the anterior teeth, seriously impairs esthetics and might make a patient feel less confident. In the treatment of discolored teeth, various invasive and non-invasive options, such as veneers and bleaching, are available, respectively. However, the urge for esthetic dentistry, particularly teeth whitening, has grown significantly in recent decades. As compared to invasive treatment options, non-invasive methods like bleaching (teeth whitening) are the most conservative choice for stained teeth and are preferred in situations where tooth structure is intact. Teeth whitening has developed into a well-liked and commonly requested dental procedure as a result of the public need for a brighter smile and enhanced looks. This paper aims to describe a case of vital, discolored anterior teeth due to fluorosis lightened using 35% hydrogen peroxide. A 19-year-old female patient reported to the department with discolored upper front teeth. After the procedure was completed, a pleasing esthetic result was achieved.

Conditional knockout of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 in the enamel epithelium: Effects on enamel formation.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a unique ion channel connected to a kinase domain. We previously demonstrated that Trpm7 expression is high in mouse ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and that amelogenesis is impaired in TRPM7 kinase-dead mice. Here, we analyzed TRPM7 function during amelogenesis in Keratin 14-Cre;Trpm7fl/fl conditional knockout (cKO) mice and Trpm7 knockdown cell lines. cKO mice showed lesser tooth pigmentation than control mice and broken incisor tips. Enamel calcification and microhardness were lower in cKO mice. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the calcium and phosphorus contents in the enamel were lower in cKO mouse than in control mice. The ameloblast layer in cKO mice showed ameloblast dysplasia at the maturation stage. The morphological defects were observed in rat SF2 cells with Trpm7 knockdown. Compared with mock transfectants, the Trpm7 knockdown cell lines showed lower levels of calcification with Alizarin Red-positive staining and an impaired intercellular adhesion structures. These findings suggest that TRPM7 is a critical ion channel in enamel calcification for the effective morphogenesis of ameloblasts during amelogenesis.

Achados odontológicos em crianças em programação para o transplante hepático: revisão de escopo

To identify oral characteristics found in children with liver disease in programming for liver transplantation. The methodology was written according to PRISMA-ScR. We adopted the methodological framework and recommendations for this type of review by Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QCU4W). A systematic search (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest) was conducted to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria: systematic reviews; prospective clinical trials (parallel or crossover group designs); observational studies (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies); clinical case series; and case reports evaluating children with liver disease in preparation for transplantation. The last search was conducted in July 2021, and no restrictions were imposed as to language or year of publication. Studies presenting mixed data with post-transplant evaluation, and studies evaluating not only liver transplantation but also other solid organs were excluded. Screening, inclusion, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. A narrative synthesis was conducted to describe the findings of the study. The bibliographic search identified 830 references. A total of 21 articles were read in their entirety after the inclusion criteria assessment. Finally, after evaluating the exclusion criteria, only 3 studies were considered for the qualitative analysis. Children with liver disease in preparation for transplantation may present enamel defects, tooth pigmentation, caries, gingivitis, and opportunistic infections such as candidiasis.

Prompt Response to Resin Infiltration with or Without Bleaching in the Treatment of Teeth Pigmentation and Teeth Discoloration

Discoloration and pigmentation of teeth are two common esthetic issues in dentistry that prompt patients to seek treatment as soon as possible. Overall, the etiology of discoloration and pigmentation is multifactorial, with different treatment options showing long-term effects. Such treatment options have been evaluated and shown to reduce tooth pigmentation and discoloration; however, the long-term effects of resin infiltration with or without bleaching at a 1-year follow-up are not investigated. Therefore, we presented a case report of two cases that were successfully treated using resin infiltration with or without bleaching, and both of these cases responded well by the end of 2 weeks, with lasting effects at 1-year follow-up. For the case report, the care checklist was used. Two females with discoloration and pigmentation of teeth presented to the King Khalid University postgraduate dentistry clinic who wanted to get treated for these conditions. After taking their personal, dietary, medical, and family history, performing oral examination, and tooth analysis, treatment plans were made for both cases. The first case was a 54-year-old female who presented with mild-to-moderate fluorosis, and she was successfully treated mainly with bleaching plus resin infiltration with positive findings. A faint line and discoloration were present before treatment that got disappeared after the treatment, and the smile of the patient also got improved. There was also a significant difference found in the frontal view of the teeth before and after treatment. In contrast, the other case was a 20-year-old young girl who presented with the chief complaint of white teeth pigmentation after finishing orthodontic treatment. She was mainly treated with resin infiltration with positive effects of treatment with improvements in the smile and favorable changes in the frontal view of teeth, reduction in pigmentation, and improvement in oral hygiene. The response to the treatment in both the cases was rapid, and it appeared at the end of 2 weeks. The findings of these two case reports reveal the significance of the persistent favorable effects of resin infiltration with or without bleaching at the follow-up of 1 year. However, more randomized clinical trials are required to confirm these findings in many patients.

A Blackish Gingiva Revealing a Metastatic Melanoma of the Oral Mucosa

Background and Objective: Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer because it has very strong metastatic power. Endobuccal localization is very rare. Its discovery is often made in the late stage, which leads to a consistently pessimistic diagnostic. We report a case of palatal melanoma at the metastatic stage. Case Report: A 43-year-old woman presented left lateral cervical swelling associated with dyspnea for 5 months. She had regularly taken chewing tobacco for 4 years and had developed blackish gums. The endobuccal examination showed a blackish non-haemorrhagic swelling of 5 cm of the long axis, located at the level of the palatal vault, associated with pigmentation in teeth 21, 22, and 23. The anatomopathological examination confirmed the melanoma. The spreading assessment revealed pleural and hepatic metastasis. The proposed treatment was palliative treatment. The patient died 2 months later. Conclusion: Melanoma of the oral mucosa is a very aggressive tumor. The scarcities of dental care among the Malagasy people exacerbate the delay in diagnosis. Its management is still challenging in Madagascar.

Exogenous black pigmentations in deciduous dentition associated with ingestion of ferrous sulfate

The general objective of the present investigation was to relate the presence of exogenous black pigmentations in deciduous dentition and the consumption of ferrous sulfate, in children between 2 and 5 years of age, attended at the Bellavista-Sullana Health Center. The methodology used had a quantitative approach and a non-experimental-correlational, crosssectional design. The technique to be used was the survey and clinical observation. The instruments used were a questionnaire and a graphic scheme that allowed us to record the information of the pigmented teeth using the Albelda M classification (1), both instruments were developed exclusively for this research. The population consisted of 150 children who attended the Bellavista-Sullana Health Center in the period of July-September 2021, the sample being 108 children. The study found that exogenous black pigmentations in deciduous dentition, in children aged 2 to 5 years, are manifested in 29.6% of children, showing that the majority of children (27 of 32, 84.4%) presented grade I pigmentation Likewise, it was concluded that the presence of spots is not significantly related (Sig.> 0.05), neither with the age of the child, nor with sex; In addition, I make it clear that the time that the child has been consuming ferrous sulfate, the type of presentation of said product, the daily intakes and the time after the ingestion of foods that take ferrous sulfate, are not significantly associated (Sig .> 0.05) with the presence of black spots on the adamantine surface of the children evaluated. It was also found that neither brushing to consume ferrous sulfate, nor the number of times the child was found to be significantly related (Sig.> 0.05) with the presence of black spots. Keywords: chromogenic pigmentations. Ferrous sulfate.

Pathological lesions of the digestive tract in free-ranging mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei).

The finding of parasites and bacterial pathogens in mountain gorilla feces and oral lesions in gorilla skeletal remains has not been linked to pathological evidence of morbidity or mortality. In the current study, we conducted a retrospective study of digestive tracts including oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines (gastrointestinal tract [GI]), liver, and pancreas of 60 free-ranging mountain gorillas from Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo that died between 1985 and 2007. We reviewed clinical histories and gross pathology reports and examined histological sections. On histology, enteritis (58.6%), gastritis (37.3%), and colitis (29.3%) were the commonest lesions in the tracts. Enteritis and colitis were generally mild, and judged likely to have been subclinical. Gastritis was often chronic and proliferative or ulcerative, and associated with nematodiasis. A gastro-duodenal malignancy (carcinoid) was present in one animal. A number of incidental lesions were identified throughout the tract and cestodes and nematodes were frequently observed grossly and/or histologically. Pigmentation of teeth and tongue were a common finding, but periodontitis and dental attrition were less common than reported from past studies of skeletal remains. Despite observing numerous GI lesions and parasites in this study of deceased free-living mountain gorillas, we confirmed mortality attributable to gastroenteritis in just 8% (5/60) cases, which is less than that described in captive gorillas. Other deaths attributed to digestive tract lesions included cleft palate in an infant, periodontal disease causing systemic infection in an older adult and gastric cancer. Of all the parasitic infections observed, only hepatic capillariasis and gastric nematodiasis were significantly associated with lesions (hepatitis and gastritis, respectively). Understanding GI lesions in this endangered species is key in the management of morbidity associated with GI ailments.

MODERN VIEWS ON TOOTH WHITENING

Resume. In the modern world, the appearance of teeth is of great importance. Beautiful white teeth are not only a sign of good health, but also an element of culture and well-being.
 Definition, the individual natural color of the teeth is mainly determined by dentin, however, the color, transparency, thickness and degree of mineralization of the enamel affect the color of dentin. Any changes in dentin and enamel during the formation, development and after teething can cause changes in light guide properties, and accordingly, changes in color.
 Purpose. Analysis of the sources of scientific and medical information about the features of tooth whitening by various methods and their effectiveness with the presentation of their own clinical examples. Methods. An analytical review of the literature on various methods of teeth whitening and indications and contraindications to these methods.
 Results. There are different options for coloring teeth and they call as external and internal. A separate category of discolors is such as internalized staining, when external chromogens penetrate into the hard tissues of the tooth. Treatment of diseases and conditions accompanied by discoloration of the teeth is complex and may include therapeutic (occupational hygiene, whitening, restoration) and orthopedic measures. Teeth whitening is a chemical oxidation process in which the color of enamel and dentin changes from dark to light. Modern bleaching systems are based on the use of preparations of hydrogen peroxide or urea peroxide in combination with activating factors. Currently, the following main types of whitening systems are widely used in dental practice: for professional use in the clinic, for home use under the supervision of a doctor, for home use without a doctor's supervision, for example, whitening toothpastes, strips, pencils and standardized caps with gel inside. The work presents various options for teeth whitening from home to clinical and professional. Indications and contraindications to the teeth whitening procedure and its protocol are given. The analysis of the results of modern scientific research in dentistry shows that now it is possible to consider that professional whitening is effective. That is why the use of high-intensity blue diode light (LED) is quite promising, especially when eliminating deep tooth pigmentation. One of the most popular brands in the world of whitening is Philips Zoom system. The Philips Zoom WhiteSpeed lamp is a fundamentally new technology in which the manufacturer has used LEDs as a light source, which has made the teeth whitening process more comfortable and safe for the patient.
 Conclusion. To date, researchers and manufacturers have created various well-functioning, safe and comfortable systems for whitening teeth. It is important to find various aspects of tooth whitening and possible hazards. Understanding the operation of various systems and awareness of their advantages and disadvantages will allow you to choose the most optimal system. A professional approach to teeth whitening guarantee success.

Influence of Tooth Pigmentation on H2O2 Diffusion and Its Cytotoxicity After In-office Tooth Bleaching.

Pigments in tooth structures affect the diffusion of H2O2 through enamel and dentin. The bleaching methodology can be impacted. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the presence of pigments in tooth structures on the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its cytotoxicity after carrying out an in-office bleaching therapy.Methods and Materials: A bleaching gel with 35% H2O2 was applied for 45 minutes (three times for 15 minutes) on enamel and dentin discs (n=6), either previously submitted to the intrinsic pigmentation protocol with a concentrated solution of black tea, or not, defining the following groups: G1, unbleached untreated discs (control 1); G2, unbleached pigmented discs (control 2); G3, bleached untreated discs; G4, bleached pigmented discs. The discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers, which were placed in wells of 24-well plates containing 1 mL culture medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]). After applying the bleaching gel on enamel, the extracts (DMEM + components of bleaching gel that diffused through the discs) were collected and then applied on the cultured MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. Cell viability (methyl tetrazolium assay and Live & Dead, Calcein AM, and ethidium homodimer-1 [EthD-1] probes), the amount of H2O2 that diffused through enamel and dentin (leuco-crystal violet product), and the H2O2-mediated oxidative cell stress (SOx) and components of degradation were assessed (analysis of variance/Tukey; α=0.05).Results: There was no significant difference between the groups G1 and G2 for all the parameters tested (p>0.05). Reduction in the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of H2O2 occurred for G4 in comparison with G3. Significantly lower cell viability associated with greater oxidative stress was observed for G3 (p<0.05). Therefore, in-office tooth bleaching therapy performed in pigmented samples caused lower cytotoxic effects compared with untreated samples submitted to the same esthetic procedure (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the methodology used in this investigation, the authors concluded that the presence of pigments in hard tooth structures decreases the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of H2O2 and the toxicity to pulp cells of an in-office bleaching gel with 35% H2O2.

АНАЛИЗ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ПАТОЛОГИИ ТВЕРДЫХ ТКАНЕЙ ЗУБОВ У РАБОТНИКОВ ЗАКРЫТОГО ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Subject. The analysis of the results of a clinical examination of workers of the special economic zone "Alabuga" of the Republic of Tatarstan on the prevalence and intensity of diseases of hard tissues of the teeth is carried out. The goal is to determine the prevalence and intensity of diseases of hard tissues of teeth among workers in an industrial enterprise. Methodology. The study was conducted using clinical dental examination and statistical analysis of the data. All the subjects were divided into the main group, which included 370 employees of the SEZ "Alabuga" of the Republic of Tatarstan, and a comparison group — 297 people of the same age group working at JSC Chemical Plant named after L.Ya. Karpova "(Mendeleevsk). Dental status of workers was determined by the KPU index and the USP group index (level of dental care). Results. The results of the examination of the state of the oral cavity in the main group and the comparison group of workers in industrial enterprises showed certain differences. A comprehensive dental examination of the studied contingent of the SEZ “Alabuga” revealed a high prevalence of pathology of dental hard tissues. The prevalence rate of dental caries was 100 % at an intensity of 2.1, which corresponds to a high level of intensity according to WHO. Nosological forms of non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth were more common than in the control group: tooth pigmentation and plaque were diagnosed — in 81.4 % of cases, wedge-shaped tooth defects — in 34.8 %, hyperesthesia — in 32.7 %, and pathological tooth abrasion — in 32.4 %. Conclusions. The clinical study allowed us to identify areas for improving the provision of dental care and preventive measures to employees of individual industrial sectors.

A conservative aesthetic rehabilitation on pigmented anterior teeth: Three years follow-up

Introduction: Aesthetic dentistry values the alignment of teeth and harmonization of the smile, and several techniques can be applied to close diastemas. Here, we presented an aesthetic approach to restore the smile balance with porcelain veneers. Case Report: A 46-year-old female patient sought dental treatment complaining of dental clenching and smile appearance. Pigmented anterior teeth and fractured indirect restoration were observed. Tooth bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide and the impression of the jaw was obtained to perform the diagnostic waxing and a surgical guide in silicone. The guide was inserted and the gingival margin recorded with a scalpel. A mucoperiosteal flap was performed and the gingival collar extracted. For osteotomy, the distance between the edge guide and the cervical bone was measured with surgical chisels and carbide/diamond drills. From the dental mold, silicone impressions for use in the mock-up and in the making of the temporary restoration were made. The cementation protocol for the facets was carried out with hydrofluoric acid for 30 seconds. Conclusion: The present protocol proved to be effective when correctly indicated and executed, rehabilitating the patient’s aesthetics and function.

Comparative analysis of shrew tooth pigmentation using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)

The pigment of tooth enamel is an important odontological character for character for assessing Soricidae taxonomy and phylogeny. This paper describes the original observations of ‘pigment patterns’ (PPt) and ‘visible pigment’ (VPg) in fossil beremendiin shrews in light of the “differential pigmentation” found using UV detection and EDX analysis. The term “differential pigmentation” was used to describe the irregular pigmentation on the teeth of extinct Nesiotites (Neomyini). Our analysis of fossil and recent specimens reveals different reasons for differential pigmentation formation. The first reason is related to fossilization, namely, the chemical alterations of the buried specimen. The second reason is related to a developmental disorder, namely, the enamel organ disorder, which locally stops forming the twin enamel layer. Our original results and published data from EDX analysis of the enamel elemental content and SEM-image analysis of the enamel microstructure again raise the question of a relationship between ferruginous pigmentation and enamel microstructure. Further studies of the enamel structure and pigment chemical composition of red-toothed shrews compared to white-toothed shrews are required.

Preparation and characterization of rutile phase TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles and their cytocompatibility with oral cancer cells

In the present study, rutile phase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (R-TiO2 NPs) were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride in an aqueous solution followed by calcination at 900℃. The composition of R-TiO2 NPs was determined by the analysis of X-ray diffraction data, and the characteristic features of R-TiO2 NPs such as the surface functional group, particle size, shape, surface topography, and morphological behavior were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. The average size of the prepared R-TiO2 NPs was 76 nm, the surface area was 19 m2/g, zeta potential was −20.8 mV, and average hydrodynamic diameter in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)–H2O solution was 550 nm. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphological observations revealed that R-TiO2 NPs were cytocompatible with oral cancer cells, with no inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. This suggests the efficacy of R-TiO2 NPs for the aesthetic white pigmentation of teeth.

Changes caused by the use of chlohexidine mouthwash in composite bulk-fill (in vitro)

Introduction: The aesthetic requirements of dental restorations, and the technological evolution of composite resins allowed their use in posterior teeth at the expense of the traditional amalgam [1]. The discoloration, wear resistance and susceptibility of plaque retention are factors to be taken into account [2] Chlorhexidine (CHX), frequently used in dental medicine in the treatment of oral candidiasis, gingivitis and periodontitis, among others is a cationic antiseptic with high potential for pigmentation of teeth and soft tissues [3] There are several studies that demonstrate the effects of chlorhexidine and its mechanisms on discoloration and surface changes of nano and micro hybrid composites. Yet there is few research regarding the effects on composite bulk-fill, for posterior teeth, different in terms of resistance to stress, contraction and depth of polymerization, The aim of this study is to evaluate the colour change and surface degradation of four different colour bulk- fill resins, after immersion in three different chlorhexidine (CHX) based mouthwashes. Materials and methods: 136 cylindrical samples, 4 mm in ø by 4 mm in depth, A1, A2, A3 and C2 of Filtek ™ One bulk- fill restorative composites. The samples were subjected to a daily immersion with Vortex agitation for 15 consecutive days in different solutions: distilled water (control) and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.12%). Among the immersions, the samples were stored in distilled water at 37° C. The colour of the samples was evaluated with a spectrophotometer before and after the immersions [4]. The colour changes were calculated using the CIE system L * a * b *. At the end of the laboratory procedures, 3 random specimens from each group were selected to analyse the surface roughness with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained by the spectrophotometer analysis were statistically treated by the SPSS software, using descriptive and comparative statistics (bidirectional ANOVA and 95% CI), with a significance level of 5%. Results: Bulk-fill composites showed clinically unacceptable colorimetric alterations in samples submitted to the 0.1% CHX mouthwash immersion, as well as C2 colour specimens treated with a mouth rinse with 0.12% of CHX. The greatest surface degradation was that on the samples treated with 0.1% CHX rinse. Discussion and conclusions: The alcohol (ethanol), being a bipolar molecule, triggers a dissolution of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of the resins [5]. Studies show that dimethacrylates are more susceptible to the effect of alcohol. The composites used contained 3 dimethacrylates, AUDMA, DDDMA and UDMA. This fact may justify the colorimetric alteration and the great change in the surface morphology caused by the mouthwash at 0.1% CHX (with the highest alcohol content) [6]. In this sense, it was possible to verify that for all the resins under study, the mouthwash with 0.1% CHX (Eludril CLASSIC) was the one that triggered colorimetric changes clinically unacceptable (ΔE> 3.3) and visible. Bulk-fill composites were submitted to morphology and colour changes when exposed to the action of different mouthwashes based on CHX. The intensity of changes on the surface morphology varied according to the CHX concentration of the mouthwashes and alcohol content. Results are very similar to those obtained for other types of composites

Structure and composition of the incisor enamel of extant and fossil mammals with tooth pigmentation

Structure and composition of the incisor enamel of extant and fossil mammals with tooth pigmentation

Green Pigmentation of Teeth Caused by Neonatal Cholestatic Jaundice and Sepsis: A Case Report

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this article is to report a case of green discoloration of primary teeth associated with neonatal cholestatic jaundice and sepsis in a 2-year-old girl.BackgroundSystemic changes can lead to dental alterations of the teeth. One of the disorders is elevated serum bilirubin levels that can cause pigmentation of teeth. Green pigmentation of teeth is uncommon, but when it occurs, is a cause of concern for parents and the child, as he may also loose self-confidence.Case descriptionThe parents reported to the clinic with the child whose chief complaint was green pigmented teeth. Her medical records revealed she was preterm and was diagnosed with neonatal cholestatic jaundice which lead to hyperbilirubinemia and sepsis. On review at 36 months of age, all her deciduous teeth were completely erupted and a striking demarcation was visible between the green incisal edges and the normally colored cervical one-thirds of all primary teeth. Treatment alternatives were suggested and the child was kept on regular follow-ups.ConclusionSo, one should be aware of such condition and seek medical practitioner or reports to confirm the diagnosis. If such a condition exists, esthetic treatment can be achieved with the newer techniques in cosmetic dentistry.Clinical significanceGreen pigmentation has very limited causes. The time of illness coincides with the stage of tooth formation. Proper medical history is important to evaluate the extent of pigmentation and probable involvement of the permanent teeth.How to cite this articleLamba G, Nagpal DI, Korishettar R. Green Pigmentation of Teeth Caused by Neonatal Cholestatic Jaundice and Sepsis: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):566–568.

Green Teeth Related to Bilirubin Levels.

ObjectiveTo describe a form of tooth pigmentation caused by serum bilirubin deposition during dental calcification in a premature child. The bilirubin levels during the three months after birth are presented. In this period the crowns of the primary teeth are still forming. Such anomaly does not have symptoms, but has a displeasing effect and great anxiety within the family.Case reportThe case reported here highlights the relevance of past medical history, especially the diagnoses of prolonged conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, in this case, to confirm them and to comfort the family. In this case, no esthetic treatment had been undertaken because the child was still too young and not yet concerned. The dental treatment plan included regular checkups every 3 months for maintaining oral health to prevent caries.ConclusionAs this is a rare condition that affects the teeth, parents will most likely look for a dentist for treatment. Therefore, dentists must be aware or such abnormalities and take a multidisciplinary approach, thus making it possible to establish a final diagnosis.

Parameter analisis voltammetri pulsa diferensial elektrode grafit pensil untuk penentuan kadmium

Kadmium (Cd) adalah salah satu logam berat non-esensial, yang relatif kecil, tetapi dapat terus meningkat di lingkungan, keracunan kadmium bersifat bioakumulatif dapat menyebabkan penyakit ginjal, gangguan perut, tulang rapuh, penurunan hemoglobin, dan pigmentasi gigi. Oleh karena itu metode analisis untuk menentukan kandungan kadmium harus dikembangkan. Metode untuk penentuan kandungan logam kadmium yang telah banyak digunakan adalah metode AAS dan metode ICP-AES. Dengan sensitivitas dan selektivitas yang sebanding, metode elektrokimia seperti voltammetri telah banyak digunakan sebagai metode yang menarik untuk menentukan kadar kadmium, instrumentasi pada metode ini lebih sederhana dibandingkan dengan metode AAS dan ICP-AES. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode voltammetri dalam menentukan kadmium menggunakan pensil grafit sebagai elektroda kerja dan parameter analisis metode ini untuk kuantifikasi kadmium. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode voltammetri menggunakan pensil grafit elektroda dapat mendeteksi kadmium (II), dengan batas deteksi 0,8 ppm, batas kuantifikasi 2,8 ppm, rentang linearitas dari 2,8 menjadi 4,8 ppm, dan akurasi 0,21-0,58 %.

Preparation and tribological properties of Fe-hydroxyapatite bioceramics

Abstract Pigmented tooth enamel is generally composed of iron-containing hydroxyapatite (Fe-HA), and thus exhibits high hardness and good wear resistant. In this study, Fe-HA powders were synthesized using ultrasonic-assisted microwave hydrothermal method and the tribological properties of the Fe-HA ceramics were evaluated, aiming to explore the improvement effect of iron element on the wear resistance of nano-hydroxyapatite. The influence of Fe content on the phase composition, crystal structure and morphology of Fe-HA powders were characterized by various microscopy characterizations. Results showed that the Fe content had a substantial influence on the morphology and crystal structure of Fe-HA powders. Compared with the pure HA ceramic, the prepared Fe-HA ceramics showed obviously better wear resistance.