Pigmentation Of Teeth Research Articles

First record of the endemic Neotropical genus Hyphydrophilus (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae) from Argentina, with description of H. minellii sp. nov., a new centipede with small tentorial process, inhabiting the Yungas

ABSTRACTA new miniature species of the endemic Neotropical genus Hyphydrophilus (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae) is described and illustrated, after the holotype female and paratype female, from the Yungas rainforest of Salta province, northwestern Argentina. H. minellii sp. nov. is compared in detail with the other two species currently assigned to the taxon, i.e. H. adisi Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994 and H. projectus Pereira, Foddai & Minelli, 2000, both from Brazil, from which it differs by the presence of a small slightly sclerotized and inwards directed process of internal limbs of tentorium. Other unique traits of the new taxon are the relatively high number of leg-bearing segments (59), antennal articles I–IV with numerous large setae on the latero-external side, apical medial edge of forcipular trochanteroprefemur with a well-developed slightly pigmented tooth, dorsal and ventral medial edges of the forcipular tarsungulum slightly serrate, sternal pore-fields present on anterior region of the trunk only. This is the first report of the genus Hyphydrophilus from Argentina and the Yungas forests; previously it was only known to occur in Central Brazilian Amazonia, thus the present record represents a remarkable extension of the known range of this taxon.

Key trace minerals greatly strengthen teeth

Dental Materials![Figure][1] Rodent skull shows pigmented and regular tooth enamel CREDIT: MICHAEL GRAYDON The outer layers of teeth are made up of nanowires of enamel that are prone to decay. Gordon et al. analyzed the composition of tooth enamel from a variety of rodents at the nanometer scale (see the Perspective by Politi). In regular and pigmented enamel, which contain different trace elements at varying boundary regions, two intergranular phases—magnesium amorphous calcium phosphate or a mixed-phase iron oxide—control the rates of enamel demineralization. This suggests that there may be alternative options to fluoridation for strengthening teeth against decay. Science , this issue p. [746][2]; see also p. [712][3] [1]: pending:yes [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1258950 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaa5245

A new schendylid centipede (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)from the Bolivian Amazon Forest.

Schendylops grismadoi sp. nov., a new schendylid centipede (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Amazon forest of east-central Bolivia (Santa Cruz Department, Guarayos Province) is described and illustrated based on the holotype female. The new species is characterized by having an uninterrupted series of ventral pore-fields, from first to penultimate sternite inclusive (undivided on anterior and posterior sternites, divided in two subsymmetrical areas on the intermediate); these combined traits being shared by five other Neotropical species currently included in the genus Schendylops Cook, 1899, i.e., S. tropicus (Brölemann & Ribaut, 1911) (from French Guiana), S. inquilinus Pereira, Uliana & Minelli, 2007 (from Brazil), S. coscaroni (Pereira & Minelli, 2006) (from Brazil), S. demelloi (Verhoeff, 1938) (from Brazil), and S. parahybae (Chamberlin, 1914) (from Brazil). The new taxon is differentiated from all aforementioned species by having the anterior margin of cephalic plate conspicuously notched in the middle, dentate lamellae of mandibles divided in two blocks, and basal internal edge of forcipular tarsungulum with a small pigmented tooth; it is included in a key which will enable the identification of all known Neotropical members having sternal pore-fields all along the trunk (including those with an interrupted series on some mid-body sternites). S. grismadoi is only the fifth species of geophilomorph centipede recorded from Bolivia.

Bleaching effect of ozone on pigmented teeth.

There have been numerous researches on ozone application in dentistry; yet the data regarding its whitening effect is very limited. The present study compares the bleaching effect of ozone with office bleaching. In this experimental study, 15 maxillary premolar teeth were selected and sectioned mesio-distally and bucco-lingually. The sections were then placed in tea for 1 week according to the Sulieman method and were divided into three groups each comprised of 15 sections. The samples were bleached as followed; Group I: Bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide in three intervals of 8 min each, Group II: Underwent ozone treatment using Ozotop unite for 4 min and Group III: Bleached with a combination of both methods. The color indices of the samples, i.e., (a) green-red pigment, (b) blue-yellow pigment, (L) brightness, (ΔE) overall color change, were evaluated pre- and post-bleaching utilizing a digital camera, Photoshop software and CIE lab index. The color changes of specimens then were calculated and analyzed through randomized analysis of variance and Tukey tests. P < 0.001 was considered to be significant. The color change (ΔE) in Group II was significantly lower than those in the two other groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the color change of Groups I and III (P = 0.639). In addition, the results of L, a and b brought forth a similar pattern to the findings obtained from ΔE. The hydrogen peroxide gel has a more powerful whitening effect than ozone; in addition, ozone has no synergistic effect when is used simultaneously with hydrogen peroxide.

Green Pigmentation in Human Teeth. A Stereomicroscopic Study

Green pigmentation in teeth is an uncommon condition associated with bilirubin deposits in hard dental tissues. Its occurrence can cause anxiety to both the child and parents and is not diagnosed easily by clinicians. The aim of this study is to analyze the current knowledge about the etiology, the intraoral alterations, and the macroscopic and microscopic features of green teeth pigmentation related to a high bilirubin levels. A primary tooth was extracted and manually sliced into 600 microns thin sections. The slenderized slices were examined with a light microscope AxioImager M1 to evaluate the microscopic teeth structure. The clinical characteristics of teeth may help in the diagnosis of current or past systemic diseases. Pediatricians should be able to quickly note the signs in order to perform the proper diagnosis. This study may help clinicians gain more knowledge about the current status of this uncommon pathology.

Structural and functional characterization of enamel pigmentation in shrews

Pigmented tooth enamel occurs in several vertebrate clades, ranging from mammals to fish. Although an iron compound is associated with this orange to red colored pigmentation, its chemical and structural organization within the enamel is unknown. To determine the nature of the iron compound, we investigated heavily pigmented teeth of the northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda using combined characterization techniques such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We found that the pigmentation of the enamel with an iron content of around 8wt% results from a close to amorphous magnetite phase deposited around the nm-sized enamel crystals. Furthermore, the influence of the pigmentation on the enamel hardness was determined by nanoindentation measurements. Finally, the biomechanical function and biological context are discussed in light of the obtained results.

English

Green pigmentation of primary teeth is an uncommon condition which is associated with the deposition of bilirubin in the dental hard tissues. Prolonged hyperbilirubinemia has long been recognized as a frequent clinical manifestation of infection in newborn, although the green staining of teeth caused by Hirschprung’s disease has not yet been reported. The purpose of this report is to present a case of green teeth in primary dentition in a 17-month old Indian boy. Medical history revealed systemic problems during the neonatal period of an infectious, neurological, renal and digestive in nature along with a high amount of serum bilirubin levels. The green pigmentation of primary teeth was due to hyperbilirubinemia caused by these systemic conditions. The reported case confirms the relevance of past medical history in establishing the diagnosis and the etiology of green primary teeth. The presence of green pigmentation in teeth is an indication of early hyperbilirubinemia which can determine when in life this disorder occurred. Thus, even if there is no prior information about a patient with green teeth, it is possible to estimate the type of systemic disorder he/she had previously and how long he/she had the disease.

Kohlschutter-Tonz Syndrome - Report of an additional case

Kohlschütter-Tönz Syndrome is a rare disorder clinically characterized by amelogenesis imperfecta, epilepsy and progressive mental deterioration. We present an additional case of this syndrome of a nine year-old boy who was referred by pigmented teeth. The mental deterioration was associated with speech delay, impulsive behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning problems. The physical examination revealed a reduction of lower third, slightly palpebral fissures, low ear and hair implantation, coarse hair and hypertrichosis. The intraoral examination showed alteration in teeth pigmentation diagnosed as amelogenesis imperfecta. Although rare, the present case report illustrates a syndrome that has dental anomalies and systemic alterations. It is important to recognize this syndrome as early as possible and paediatric dentist may contribute to the diagnosis and consequently to better manage the patients. Key words:Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome, amelogenesis imperfecta, seizures, mental deterioration.

Green pigmented teeth

Green pigmented teeth

Differences in the tooth whitening effect between strawberry juice and apple juice in-vitro

Bleaching is the tooth whitening by applying chemical materials oxidizing the organic tooth pigmentation and creating smaller and lighter molecules. Commonly used in the tooth bleaching is hydrogen peroxide. Strawberry and apple contain hydrogen peroxide and ellagic acid which will bond with an unsaturated bond of the tooth pigmentation. The purpose of this research was to finding out and measuring the tooth whitening level and effectivity between the strawberry and apple juice. The type of this research was a true experimental (in-vitro), using 30 samples of maxillary premolars with cutted radicular until the CEJ. Samples were divided into 3 groups (immersed in strawberry juice; apple juice; and mineral water); with three times daily immersion in one week. The tooth colour level was measured using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and LSD test. The results showed significant differences among all groups. Normality test showed the variance between homogenous groups, with the p-value of 0.198 (p ≥ 0.05). The one-way ANOVA test results showed a significance value (0.000), indicated a significant degree of the tooth whitening level between all groups. The LSD test results showed that the tooth whitening level in group I (immersed in strawberry juice) was significantly different to group II (immersed in apple juice) and group III (immersed in mineral water), with a significance value of 0.01 and 0.00 ( p ≤ 0.05). The tooth whitening level in group II was significantly different from group III, with a significance value of 0.03 (p ≤ 0.05). There were differences in the tooth whitening level between immersion in strawberry juice, apple juice, and mineral water, with the most effective tooth whitening level found in the strawberry juice immersion.

自然発症肝炎・肝癌ラット (LECラット) における着色歯の検索

自然発症肝炎・肝癌ラット (LECラット) における着色歯の検索

Green Teeth Associated with Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Caused by Biliary Atresia: Review and Case Report

Green pigmentation in teeth is an uncommon condition associated with bilirubin deposits in dental hard tissues. Its occurrence causes anxiety to both child and family. The purpose of this paper is to present a case involving an eleven-year-old girl with green pigmentation of permanent teeth who underwent a liver transplant due to biliary atresia when she was one year old. The reported case confirms the relevance of past medical history in establishing the diagnosis and treatment plan of green teeth.

Tooth pigmentation caused by bilirubin: a case report and histological evaluation

Systemic disorders in pediatric patients, such as congenital biliary atresia, acute liver failure, and biliary hypoplasia, may be the indications for a need of liver transplantation. One of the manifestations of these disorders is the elevated serum levels of bilirubin (hyperbiliru-binemia), a product of hemoglobin degradation, which is deposited in different tissues, including mineralized and soft tissues. When hyperbilirubinemia occurs during the period of dental development, these teeth can develop a green coloration, which remains permanently, because, after maturation, these tissues loose their metabolic activity. This case report describes a 9-year-old girl who required a liver transplant due to biliary atresia when she was three years old. Some of her pigmented teeth needed extraction and afterwards were submitted for histological analysis and compared with sound teeth.

Newly Recognized Oral Manifestations of Schimmelpenning Syndrome

Schimmelpenning syndrome (SS) is an unusual disease that is characterized by mucocutaneous, central nervous system, ocular, and skeletal abnormalities. Nevus sebaceus, usually with broad involvement of the scalp and face, represents the classic skin finding associated with SS. We report a 6-year-old female with SS who presented with a variety of oral lesions, including a number of intraosseous jaw findings that have not been previously described in patients with the syndrome. These findings include bilateral central giant cell granulomas (CGCG)—one lesion involving the left maxilla, which perforated into the soft tissues, and a second distinct lesion involving the right anterior hard palate. Both CGCGs were diagnosed at the patient's initial presentation. Although there have been 2 published reports of CGCG identified in patients with the syndrome, in both cases the occurrence of the lesion was thought to represent a coincidental finding. We argue that CGCG represents a true clinical manifestation of SS. One year later, the patient presented again, this time with bilateral maxillary expansion. Microscopic review of the surgical specimens revealed bilateral benign fibro-osseous lesions, both complicated with foci of CGCG, typical appearing complex odontomas, and multiple malformed teeth containing melanin. A hybrid adenomatoid odontogenic tumor-odontoma involving the anterior mandible was also removed at that time. The findings of pigmented teeth and a hybrid odontogenic neoplasm are novel and have not been previously reported in patients with SS. Although the genetic defect associated with SS has not been characterized, it is intriguing to speculate that a common gene may be important in the pathogenesis of tooth development, maxillofacial benign fibro-osseous disease, and CGCG.

A Case of A Long Period Follow-up of Bilirubin Pigmented Teeth

A Case of A Long Period Follow-up of Bilirubin Pigmented Teeth

Experimental bilirubin pigmentation of rat dentine and its detection by a qualitative analytical method

An animal model of bilirubinemia was used to determine whether bilirubin present in pigmented teeth can be extracted and qualitatively analysed. The bile ducts of 10 Long-Evans Agouti rats were ligated and bilirubin (14 mg/kg per day) was injected intraperitoneally for 4 days. When the animals were killed 2 weeks later, pigmented lower incisors were observed in three animals. These teeth were dried, powdered and bilirubin was extracted with chloroform/methanol/acetic acid, 30:10:0.5, v/v for 10 min under sonication. After centrifugation, the supernatant was collected and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in chloroform and its absorption spectrum measured before and after diazo reaction. This resulted in a shift of the absorption maximum from 450 to 540 nm and indicated the presence of bilirubin in pigmented teeth. No bilirubin was found in the lower incisors of untreated control rats. This technique may be useful in distinguishing bilirubin staining from other intrinsic discolorations of teeth.

Oral presentation of minocycline-induced black bone disease

Minocycline hydrochloride is a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative used widely for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Among its side effects is the ability to pigment many tissues particularly thyroid, skin, tooth, and bone. A case is presented in which long-term minocycline therapy (500 g taken orally over 11 years) resulted in dark bone pigmentation (black bone disease) severe enough to be visible through the alveolar and palatal mucosa. No skin or tooth pigmentation was present.

Analysis of the Pigmentation Mechanism in LEC (Long Evans Cinnamon) Rat as a Model of Pigmented Teeth Caused by Bilirubin -A Comparison with Experimental Jaundice Rat

Analysis of the Pigmentation Mechanism in LEC (Long Evans Cinnamon) Rat as a Model of Pigmented Teeth Caused by Bilirubin -A Comparison with Experimental Jaundice Rat

Analysis of Pigmented Teeth in LEC (Long Evans Cinnamo Rat) with Spontaneous Hepatitis and Hepatoma

Analysis of Pigmented Teeth in LEC (Long Evans Cinnamo Rat) with Spontaneous Hepatitis and Hepatoma

Clinical orodental abnormalities in Mexican children

A total of 32,022 Mexican children (16,473 boys, 15,549 girls) were examined for several congenital oral and paraoral anomalies. The findings for commissural lip pits (boys 53.1, girls 52.4 per 1000) are less than those reported for adults. This may indicate that pits become accentuated with age. Fordyce granules were seen with a prevalence of 1.2 per 1000. This is in contrast to the reported 85.6% prevalence for the adult population, also possibly reflecting increased manifestation with increased age. Our data for exogenous tooth pigmentation show increased prevalence with age (group I [5 to 10 1 2 years], 9.8%, versus group II [ 10 1 2 to 14 1 2 years], 12.9%), possibly indicating decrease in attention to oral hygiene. The prevalence of talon cusp was found to be 0.6 per 1000, and for ankyloglossia 8.3 per 1000. Prevalence values for bifid tongue are reported for the first time, indicating one affected per 187 children examined. The prevalence of fissured tongue (15.7%) shows a statistically significant difference between boys (16.8%) and girls (14.5%). The prevalence of geographic tongue (1.9%) shows a marked difference between group I (2.2%) and group II (1.2%).