Pigmented Spots Research Articles

Eggshell spotting pattern is related to hatching asynchrony, hematocrit value and growth of nestling great titsParus major

Eggshell pigmentation may signal the quality of the egg, that of the female and the environment, and thus nestling development may be related to this egg trait. However, so far, few studies have investigated the relationship between eggshell pigmentation and nestling development. Our aim was to study in a partial cross‐fostering experiment whether the protoporphyrin‐based eggshell pigmentation (spot intensity and spot distribution) showed any significant associations with several traits related to the development of nestling great titsParus major. We found that nestlings from clutches with darker spotted eggshells hatched more synchronously, had higher hematocrit value and shorter wings. Females under adverse environmental circumstances were previously shown to lay darker‐spotted eggs, and these females probably delayed the start of incubation due to energetic constraints, resulting in a more synchronous hatching. The shorter wings of fledglings originating from clutches with darker‐spotted eggs may be caused by the lower general quality of their mothers, mediated through either genetic factors or early maternal effects. Darker spotted eggs may contain different levels of some biomolecules than paler spotted eggs, which could have an effect on nestling metabolism and activity, resulting in an elevated hematocrit value. More aggregated eggshell spotting was related to faster bone growth and slightly longer fledging tarsus length. Eggs with aggregated spotting may have thinner eggshells that could lead to hatchlings with smaller bones due to the lower availability of calcium during development. Nestlings may increase bone growth rate to compensate for their smaller initial size. Overall, our results indirectly suggest lower fitness for nestlings hatched from darker spotted eggs and for nestlings hatched from eggs with more aggregated spotting distribution due to the possible long‐term costs of synchronous hatching, shorter wings, and accelerated tarsus growth rate.

Anterior sense organs in Sabellaria alveolata (Annelida, Sedentaria, Spionida) with special reference to ultrastructure of photoreceptor elements presumably involved in shadow reflex

The reef-building sedentary polychaete, Sabellaria alveolata, is well known for its specialized anterior end, the operculum, which is exposed to the environment during vital activities, such as feeding or as it seals its tube when the animal withdraws. This region represents the most important sensory structure in Sabellariidae. It comprises two lobes, tentacular filaments, protective chaetae (paleae), a median organ, and a median ridge, and bears various pigmented spots. Worms swiftly withdraw into tubes triggered by abrupt light change (shadow reflex). We suspected that the pigmented spots were photoreceptive and responsible for the shadow response. To test this hypothesis, the median organ and median ridge of S. alveolata were investigated by applying light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Besides unciliated supportive cells, these organs consist of numerous multiciliated and glandular cells on their ventral surfaces. The multiciliated cells are of two types: epidermal supportive and receptor cells. The median organ is innervated directly from the brain by two longitudinal basiepithelial nerves. The presence of multiciliated cells and mucocytes suggests that the organ is sensory, involved in both feeding and tube-building behavior. Furthermore, we found two pairs of eyespots on the lateral posterior part of the median ridge, situated close to the neurite bundles anterior to the brain. These eyes are simple in structure and resemble larval-type eyes. They are composed of only two cells each, one rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell and one pigmented supportive cell. The pigmented eyes on the median ridge are clearly involved in photoreception and very likely involved in shadow reflex.

Evaluating age-related changes of some facial signs among men of four different ethnic groups.

The alterations of some facial characteristics, with age, in men of different ethnic groups are a scarcely studied topic. To illustrate and grade, among men of four different ethnic descents (Asians, African-Americans, Caucasians, Indians), aged 18-80year, the changes in the severity of some facial signs occurring with age. Digital Photographs (full face, profile, 45°) of 1058 subjects were taken under standard conditions of lightning. These allowed us to zoom in on 15-20 different facial signs on all subjects. Their observations by 15 trained experts, under calibrated screens, allowed these signs to be graded, with the help of four referential skin Atlases, specific to the gender and ethnic groups studied. Most facial signs show a rather regular increase with age, with different kinetics according to the ethnic group. The major changes, in all four ethnic groups, mostly concern skin structural alterations (wrinkles, neck sagging or texture). The changes in the severity of some wrinkles (forehead, inter-ocular…) may be viewed as ethnic signatures. The modifications in pigmentation disorders seem more closely linked to the constitutive skin pigmentation (photo-types), among which pigmentary spots are confirmed as a more specific Asian trait. Men of four different ethnic origins present different and ethnic-related facial alterations with increasing age, of different amplitudes.

Sabaco sinicus, a new species of Maldanidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Chinese coast waters

Sabaco sinicus sp. nov. is described based on material collected from Chinese coast. It has been misidentified as Asychis gangeticus Fauvel, 1932 since Uschakov and Wu (1962). Here, we recognized it as a new species based on combination of the following characters: dark-brown pigmentation spots on nuchal grooves and first three chaetigers; glandular pattern on chaetigers 4-6; preanal achaetigerous segments absent; anal plaque trumpetshaped with a disc-shaped dorsal lobe; notochaetae consisting of geniculate capillaries and fine capillaries with or without spinose spiral bands; neurochaetae presented as a single row of rostrate uncini. Asychis gangeticus differ from the new species in having no pigmentations on body and a triangular dorsal lobe of anal plaque. Distribution region of this species have moved northward significantly from sea area south of Changjiang Estuary since the 1950s.

紫外線によるシミ・シワ（光老化：ひかりろうか）を防ぐために知っておくべきこと―太陽の恵みをたっぷり享受し，紫外線の害に泣かないために―

紫外線によるシミ・シワ（光老化：ひかりろうか）を防ぐために知っておくべきこと―太陽の恵みをたっぷり享受し，紫外線の害に泣かないために―

Effect on Skin Condition by 8-week Ingestion of Standardized Cherry Blossom Flower Extract (Sakura Extract-P)

Edible cherry blossom flowers are cultivated in Japan and China. We have previously confirmed that these flowers contain cinnamoyl glucose derivatives and flavonoid glucosides, which reduce advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in skin cells. However, the influence of cherry blossom flower extract (CBE) on the human skin has not been evaluated. Therefore, we conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of CBE supplementation in Japanese subjects to examine the effect of standardized CBE (150 mg daily) containing caffeoyl glucose (3 mg). CBE or placebo capsules were administered for 8 weeks to Japanese women aged 30 to 50 years. Skin condition and skin AGEs were evaluated before and after treatment. Photographs of the facial skin were also analyzed and skin symptoms were evaluated on a visual analog scale (VAS). In the CBE group, skin AGEs showed a significant decrease by approximately 7%. In the placebo group, skin elasticity decreased significantly (13%), while no significant change was observed in the CBE group. Furthermore, analysis of photographs revealed a significant decrease of facial pigmented spots and reddish areas in the CBE group versus no significant changes in the placebo group. Thus, CBE was found to reduce skin AGEs, prevent loss of skin elasticity, and decrease facial pigmentation and reddish areas. These results suggest that daily oral intake of CBE might reduce AGE levels in the skin and improve facial pigmentation and reddening.

The Larval Development of the Chiton Deshayesiella curvata (Carpenter in Dall, 1879) (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)

Chronological study of the larval development of the chiton Deshayesiella curvata with sketching of the first stages of egg division and embryos up to the seven-valved shell stage is presented for the first time. D. curvata exhibits pelagic development with lecithotrophic larvae. Larval eyes form at the age of 3 days; at the age of 6 days, a Schwabe organ appears near the eyes in the form of two pigmented spots. Chitons at the stage of seven-valved shell have larval eyes, as well as the Schwabe organ.

Clinical and dermoscopic spectrum of discoid lupus erythematosus: novel observations from lips and oral mucosa.

Under dermoscopy, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) exhibits specific findings. Commonly DLE lesions affect sun-exposed sites, especially the face. However, most of the dermoscopic reports come from scalp DLE. To our knowledge, the dermoscopic pattern for mucosal and labial DLE has not been previously reported. This study included 20 patients with histopathologically confirmed DLE lesions. Full history taking was obtained with photo documentation of lesions including the sites involved, the number of lesions per site, and the total number of lesions affecting every patient. Finally, a dermoscopic examination was performed. Almost 85% of patients had only cutaneous DLE lesions, while 15% showed both cutaneous and mucosal lesions. Follicular keratotic plugging (56.1%) and scales (52.6%) were the most frequently detected dermoscopic criteria. A significant correlation was found between lesion's age and the following dermoscopic criteria: (early lesions: follicular keratotic plugs and perifollicular white halos; while late lesions: telangiectasia and white structureless areas). Furthermore, telangiectasia, white structureless areas, and ulceration were found in dermoscopy of mucosal DLE. Also, telangiectasia, brown pigment spots, scales, white structureless areas, bleeding spots, and erosions were detected in dermoscopy of labial DLE. Moreover, labial storiform telangiectasia was seen under dermoscopy in patients with associated SLE. Dermoscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosing DLE at different sites and in differentiating between the early and end-stage lesions. Herein, we reported the first dermoscopic view for DLE affecting the lips and oral mucosa. Labial storiform telangiectasia could be a dermoscopic sign of coexisting SLE.

Lessons from Amphioxus Bauplan About Origin of Cranial Nerves of Vertebrates That Innervates Extrinsic Eye Muscles.

Amphioxus is the living chordate closest to the ancestral form of vertebrates, and in a key position to reveal essential aspects of the evolution of the brain Bauplan of vertebrates. The dorsal neural cord of this species at the larval stage is characterized by a small cerebral vesicle at its anterior end and a large posterior region. The latter is comparable in some aspects to the hindbrain and spinal cord regions of vertebrates. The rostral end of the cerebral vesicle contains a median pigment spot and associated rows of photoreceptor and other nerve cells; this complex is known as "the frontal eye." However, this is not a complete eye in the sense that it has neither eye muscles nor lens (only a primitive retina-like tissue). Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI take part in the motor control of eye muscles in all vertebrates. Using a recent model that postulates distinct molecularly characterized hypothalamo-prethalamic and mesodiencephalic domains in the early cerebral vesicle of amphioxus, we analyze here possible scenarios for the origin from the common ancestor of cephalochordates and vertebrates of the cranial nerves related with extrinsic eye muscle innervations. Anat Rec, 302:452-462, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

1239 Genome-wide scans found variants in TERT associated with pigmented spots on hands/arms but not with other skin aging signs

Skin aging is a health topic of growing concern to the general public. Researchers have been identifying extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting skin aging. So far, genetic studies on skin aging have mainly focused on facial pigmentations and wrinkles. Here we are presenting the first genome-wide study on skin aging signs also including pigmentations and wrinkles on hands/arms (according to SCINEXATM). By sampling 2959 individuals from the Taizhou longitudinal cohort in China, we found pigmented spots on hands/arms strongly associated with genetics variants in TERT (p=1.51×10-28). This association was independently replicated in SALIA cohort in Germany. An associated haplotype near the TERT promoter region was identified by fine mapping. Luciferase reporter gene assay was perform to confirm that the haplotype is associated with modified expression level of TERT (P<0.01). We also showed that sun exposure is the main confounding factor that facial pigmented spots were not found to be associated with variants in TERT. Interestingly, even after controlling all the potential confounding factors, the variants are not associated with other skin aging signs, such as wrinkle and sagging, indicating that TERT is not affecting skin aging in a global aging mechanism, but rather affecting pigmented spots in a more specific yet unknown mechanism.

DOUBLE PORPHYRIA: LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL OBSERVATION

A brief review of the literature on the problem of double porphyria and analysis of its own observation is presented. For more than 10 years patient B was observed for more than 10 years with a verified diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria, which manifested with acute pain abdominal syndrome, neurological disorders in the form of peripheral polyneuropathy and hemiparesis of lower extremities, and hypertension syndrome was also noted. The observed clinical symptoms corresponded to an acute porphyrin crisis in the manifestation and / or relapse of acute intermittent porphyria. The diagnosis was confirmed by a quantitative determination of the excretory profile of porphyrin precursors (δ-aminocaproic acid, porphobilinogen) and porphyrin fractions (uroporphyrin, coproporphyrin). Their concentrations are significantly (especially porphyrin precursors) exceeding the control values, which is the cardinal diagnostic criterion of acute intermittent porphyria. Against the backdrop of persistent clinical and biochemical remission of acute intermittent porphyria, symptoms of photosensitization of the skin (blisters, erosion, pigment spots) on the dorsal surface of the hands began to appear in 4 years. Later, hypertrichosis was formed in the temporo-periorbital region. The constellation type of the excretory profile of porphyrins began to change. Against the backdrop of persistent increased excretion of porphyrin precursors (δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen), a progressive increase in the excretion of the fraction of uroporphyrin was observed, which became dominant (up to 58% of the total content of porphyrins). Such a prolonged observation in the dynamics allowed us to state the appearance of a new variant of the porphyrin exchange disturbance, which, taking into account clinical symptoms, corresponded to another form of hepatic porphyria, namely, late cutaneous porphyria. The clinical and biochemical changes in the excretory profile of the parameters of porphyrin metabolism registered in the dynamics of observation may indicate the occurrence of a combined enzymatic defect characteristic of double porphyria. In our case, a manifestation of late cutaneous porphyria was noted against a background of compensated acute intermittent porphyria.

117 Minimal Scarring after Grafting a Novel Autologous Self-assembly Skin Substitute on Burn Patients

One of the main complications for patients surviving major burn injuries are contractures and hypertrophic scars. Since the dermis is responsible for the mechanical properties of the skin, we have designed a skin substitute comprising a dermis in addition to an epidermis and evaluated this autologous self-assembly skin substitute (SASS), produced by a tissue engineering approach. The dermis comprised fibroblasts secreting an endogenous extracellular matrix, without any exogenous scaffold. Patients were recruited through Health Canada’s Special Access Program, which allowed extensive burn injuries to be acutely treated with SASSs. The SASSs were grafted on debrided full-thickness wounds according to the same protocol used for autografts. The graft take and the persistence of the SASS’s epithelium overtime were evaluated. Comparative assessment of scar quality for the SASSs, autographs (AGs) and uninjured skin using the Cutometer®, Mexameter® and DermaScan C® devices were performed on a subset of patients. SASS was used as autologous grafts of 14 severely burned patients for deep-partial thickness and full thickness burn wound coverage. The mean of the total surface area grafted was 2,321 cm2 [range 420–6 925]. The median follow-up is 2.3 years [range 1 month-8 years]. One week after grafting, on average 98% [range 85–100%] graft take was obtained. No significant contraction was observed in vivo. SASSs promoted a particularly good healing process and ensuing suppleness. Minimal hypertrophic scars were only observed between the SASSs. The integrity of the transplanted SASSs persisted over time with no defect in epidermal regeneration and no significant contractures. The SASSs were not as pigmented as normal skin, despite some concentrated pigmentation spots that can increase in number and area with time depending on the pateint’s Fitzpatrick skin phototype. Sites grafted with SASSs were comparable to adjacent split-thickness AGs and uninjured skin regarding erythema (SASS site: 292.6 ± 88.5U vs AG: 315.75 ± 61.22U vs. uninjured skin: 258.8 ± 21.5U; p>0.05; N=4 to 8), elasticity (SASS site: 0.87 ± 0.40mm vs AG: 0.90 ± 0.37mm vs. uninjured skin: 1.31 ± 0.72 mm; p>0.05), skin thickness (SASS site: 1.68 ± 0.64mm vs. AG: 1.85 ± 0.45mm vs. uninjured skin: 1.85 ± 0.45 mm; p>0.05) and microscopic features. After grafting, the SASS has very good functional characteristics: minimal contraction and hypertrophic scar as well as long-term durability and tissue regeneration. The SASS is a promising skin substitute for grafting full-thickness skin injuries.

Angular cheilitis and oral pigmentation as early detection of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an inherited autosomal dominant disease determined by a mutation localized at 19p13.3 characterized by the occurrence of gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps in association with mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation. The manifestation of PJS may first be encountered by a dentist during routine examination due to the presence of pigmented spots in the oral cavity. Purpose: To prevent a high risk of PJS, the dentist must establish its oral manifestation through early detection. Case: A 14-year-old male patient attended complaining of a week-long pain at the corners of the lips. An extra-oral exam revealed fissure lesions, redness, white crust and pain. The patient had experienced bleeding in his bowel movements, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting since childhood. A number of black, painless, macular lesions, some 1-3 mm in diameter, were present on the upper lips, lower lips, fingers and palms. Case management: The patient was referred for a complete blood count check. The results obtained confirmed him to be suffering from severe anemia and he was, therefore, referred to an internist for treatment for PJS. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the early detection of PJS is crucial in order that the patient receives prompt treatment.

Characterization of Porphyra lucasii pigment mutant induced by gamma irradiation

SUMMARYThe present study describes the isolation of a pigment mutant strain of Porphyra lucasii, which was obtained using gamma irradiation. Gametophytic blades of this seaweed were irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 500 and 1000 Gy. After irradiation, red color was observed in the blades exposed to the 500 Gy dose. Single somatic cells from these irradiated blades were isolated from archespores and then cultured to obtain pigment mutant blades that are referred to as 500GR in this investigation. Evaluation of genetic variations in these blades was performed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content were found to be higher in 500GR than in the wild type (WT) algal strain. Protein extracts obtained from the blades were examined using 2D gel electrophoresis; changes in the proteome were finally analyzed using MS/MS. A total of 216 proteins were detected. From these, nine proteins were over‐expressed in the pigment spots in 500GR as compared to WT. These results indicate that the over‐expressed proteins are either antioxidant enzymes or photosynthesis‐related proteins.

Treatment of precocious puberty in a McCune–Albright syndrome patient using Chinese medicinal herbs combined with megestrol acetate: A case report

Introduction: McCune–Albright Syndrome (MAS) is a rare congenital sporadic disorder characterized by fibrous bone dysplasia, café-au-lait pigmented spots on the skin, and non-gonadotropin dependent precocious puberty (PP), which is caused by a postzygotic somatic activating mutation in the GNAS gene encoding the alpha subunit of Gs protein. In our case study, we recorded a girl with the onset of MAS and treated her with Chinese medicinal herbs combined with megestrol acetate. We aim to provide a method for the treatment of children with this rare form of precocious puberty. Case Presention: A 4-year-old girl presented with vaginal bleeding and enlarged breasts. The activating mutation of GNAS was not detected in the patient’s peripheral blood samples, as some had reported. Because of peripheral PP and fibrous dysplasia of the diagnosed bone, the patient was considered as MAS. We chose the Chinese medicinal herbs combined with megestrol acetate for treatment, and the patient was effectively treated. Conclusion: The combination therapy of Chinese medicinal herbs plus megestrol acetate in managing PP in an MAS is one of the useful treatments.

Cosmetic Functional Ingredients from Botanical Sources for Anti-Pollution Skincare Products

Air pollution is a rising problem in many metropolitan areas around the world. Airborne contaminants are predominantly derived from anthropogenic activities, and include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ozone and particulate matter (PM; a mixture of solid and liquid particles of variable size and composition, able to absorb and delivery a large number of pollutants). The exposure to these air pollutants is associated to detrimental effects on human skin, such as premature aging, pigment spot formation, skin rashes and eczema, and can worsen some skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis. A cosmetic approach to this problem involves the topical application of skincare products containing functional ingredients able to counteract pollution-induced skin damage. Considering that the demand for natural actives is growing in all segments of global cosmetic market, the aim of this review is to describe some commercial cosmetic ingredients obtained from botanical sources able to reduce the impact of air pollutants on human skin with different mechanisms, providing a scientific rationale for their use.

A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of the Effectiveness of ANT1 Soybean Extract Cream on Skin Recovery After Nd: YAG Laser Treatment.

This study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients eligible for the study were Asian women, aged 25 to 40 years, who were free of dermatological diseases and allergic reaction. There were a total of 45 subjects. Each subject received a session of Nd-YAG laser therapy every 2 weeks, totaling 3 sessions. Facial skin assessment was achieved via VISIA complexion analysis. VISIA complexion analysis quantitatively assessed the skin condition and tracked the recovery progress of each subject at baseline, immediately after all 3 laser sessions, and a week after the final laser treatment. Skin condition was evaluated by VISIA complexion analysis. Skin condition was recorded in aspects of pigmented spots, wrinkles, texture, pores, and red area. After Nd-YAG laser therapy, postlaser inflammation was observed in all subjects. Throughout the laser sessions and the outpatient follow-up clinic, the adverse effects of laser therapy, such as redness, spots, wrinkles, pores, and textures, decreased with the use of ANT1 cream. There has been a marked effect in wrinkle reduction in the patients who received a higher concentration of ANT1 cream (P ≤ 0.05). Statistically significant improvement in spots and pores is also seen (P ≤ 0.05). Through this study, the results suggest that the application of ANT1 soybean extract cream ameliorates the complications and enhances the cosmetic effects of Nd-YAG laser therapy. A higher concentration of the ANT1 cream significantly reduces wrinkles and redness after laser. All in all, this study proves that the ANT1 soy extract cream may be a useful addition to postlaser care for an overall enhancement in skin condition and recovery.

Comparison of 10%, 20% and 40% Licorice Extract Cream as Skin Lightening Agent

Introduction Ultraviolet (UV) light that penetrates the skin is absorbed by melanin to protect skin cells from the detrimental effects of UV exposure. However, in certain circumstances, abnormal pigmentation can be a serious aesthetic problem. Liquorice extract as a natural source has been proven invitro to stimulate and suppress melanogenesis. Objective Assess the skin lightening effect of Licorice extract cream in various concentrations. Subject and Method Women aged 30-50 years who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study conducted in the Department of Dermatovenerology Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University from May - July 2018. Each subject received 3 concentrations of Licorice cream (10%, 20% and 40%) to be applied on the upper and lower arms twice a day according to the patron for 4 weeks. The pigmentation spot was measured using the A-One Tab Skin and Hair Diagnostic System on day 0, 14 and 28. Results There were in total 12 subjects aged 30-50 years. After 4 weeks, the three groups of concentration improved skin brightness by decreasing the spot pigmentation. The best skin brightness levels was obtained by 10%, 40% and 20% concentration, respectively. Conclusion Licorice extract cream with 10% concentration is more effective in lightening the skin than the concentration of 20% and 40%.

Taxonomic studies on Aegyria apoliva sp. nov. and Trithigmostoma cucullulus (Müller, 1786) Jankowski, 1967 (Ciliophora, Cyrtophoria) with phylogenetic analyses

The morphology, including the ciliary pattern, of two cyrtophorid ciliates, namely Aegyria apoliva sp. nov. and Trithigmostoma cucullulus (Müller, 1786) Jankowski, 1967, were investigated. They were isolated from coastal water off Qingdao and from an estuarine habitat in south China, respectively. Aegyria apoliva sp. nov. is characterized as following: body size 100–120 × 50–70 μm in vivo with dark pigment spot on anterior left part of cell; 48–69 somatic kineties; one preoral and four or five circumoral kineties; 9–13 transpodial segments; 26–40 nematodesmal rods; 6–10 contractile vacuoles. The Guangzhou population of Trithigmostoma cucullulus corresponds well with previously described populations, therefore only a brief morphological description is presented. Phylogenetic analysis based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequences data supports the establishment of the new species as well as the monophyly of both genera.

Indoor PM2.5 exposure affects skin aging manifestation in a Chinese population

Traffic-related air pollution is known to be associated with skin aging manifestations. We previously found that the use of fossil fuels was associated with skin aging, but no direct link between indoor air pollutants and skin aging manifestations has ever been shown. Here we directly measured the indoor PM2.5 exposure in 30 households in Taizhou, China. Based on the directly measured PM2.5 exposure and questionnaire data of indoor pollution sources, we built a regression model to predict the PM2.5 exposure in larger datasets including an initial examination group (N = 874) and a second examination group (N = 1003). We then estimated the association between the PM2.5 exposure and skin aging manifestations by linear regression. In the initial examination group, we showed that the indoor PM2.5 exposure levels were positively associated with skin aging manifestation, including score of pigment spots on forehead (12.5% more spots per increase of IQR, P-value 0.0371), and wrinkle on upper lip (7.7% more wrinkle on upper lip per increase of IQR, P-value 0.0218). The results were replicated in the second examination group as well as in the pooled dataset. Our study provided evidence that the indoor PM2.5 exposure is associated with skin aging manifestation in a Chinese population.