Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution is known to be associated with skin aging manifestations. We previously found that the use of fossil fuels was associated with skin aging, but no direct link between indoor air pollutants and skin aging manifestations has ever been shown. Here we directly measured the indoor PM2.5 exposure in 30 households in Taizhou, China. Based on the directly measured PM2.5 exposure and questionnaire data of indoor pollution sources, we built a regression model to predict the PM2.5 exposure in larger datasets including an initial examination group (N = 874) and a second examination group (N = 1003). We then estimated the association between the PM2.5 exposure and skin aging manifestations by linear regression. In the initial examination group, we showed that the indoor PM2.5 exposure levels were positively associated with skin aging manifestation, including score of pigment spots on forehead (12.5% more spots per increase of IQR, P-value 0.0371), and wrinkle on upper lip (7.7% more wrinkle on upper lip per increase of IQR, P-value 0.0218). The results were replicated in the second examination group as well as in the pooled dataset. Our study provided evidence that the indoor PM2.5 exposure is associated with skin aging manifestation in a Chinese population.
Highlights
Skin aging is caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors
In the second examination group, the subjects stayed in air conditioner environment for 2.4 hours on average, 15.4% of them cooked with solid fuels and 61% of them were exposed to passive smoking
Our results show evidence that indoor PM2.5 exposure might be associated with skin aging manifestation
Summary
Extrinsic skin aging is known to be affected by various environmental factors including sun exposure, tobacco smoking, and air pollution[1]. An indirect link between indoor air pollution and skin aging was established by a study showing that the use of fossil fuels for cooking was associated with skin aging[4]. The direct link between measured indoor air pollutants and skin aging has not been established yet. Large scale studies with direct measuring of PM2.5 exposure is restricted by the substantial costs. In this study, using a combination of direct measuring and indirect modeling of the indoor PM2.5 exposure level, we estimated the direct association between indoor air pollution and skin aging manifestation
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