Pie Charts Research Articles

Evaluation of the Performance of Operations Management in the Industrial Sector at the National Gas and Industrialization Company (GASCO), headquartered in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Operations play a major role in the LPG industry where the business involves suppliers, some of who are the business owners and customers. Organizations in the LPG industry are faced with challenges in their quest to deliver their products to consumers while concurrently ensuring profitability. Thus, they have to tailor their business operations practices to fit the market. This scientific research aims to see to what extent operations management practices are being undertaken in the National Gas and Industrialization Co. (GASCO) headquarter in Riyadh city that also it owns seven (7) filling stations and a transportation and distribution fleet in Saudi Arabia by studying their supply chain and their process to determine how they impact on the operational performance of the factories. The target population in this study was the National Gas and Industrialization Co. (GASCO) headquarter in Riyadh city that also it owns seven (7) filling stations and a transportation and distribution fleet in Saudi Arabia. Primary data on the project implementation was collected using a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from relevant publications and literature review from the different organizations. Data was presented using tables, and pie charts to make them reader friendly and this study conducted a multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study found that there is a positive significant relationship between supply chain, lean management, value stream mapping, machine maintenance and operational performance. However, the study found a negative relationship between constraints and operational performance of an organization. The study recommends that factories should be urged to adopt all the practices under supply chain management, adoption of communication channels enhancement among all the staff working in various departments to improve value stream mapping. The study further, recommends that National Gas and Industrialization Co. (GASCO) headquartered in Riyadh city that also it owns seven (7) filling stations and a transportation and distribution fleet in Saudi Arabia should have a skilled LPG manpower to handle issues on machine maintenance and replacement as this will lead to continued production.

Behavioural faecal exposure pathways in a nomadic lifestyle :

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is the cornerstone for health and growth at all stages of life in maintain health and increase in life span. Poor sanitation has led to disease increase in microorganisms such as Escherichia coli. Sanitation is influenced in a community by factors such as perception, behavioral practices such as open defecation and disposal of these waste. This study aimed to identify behavioral faecal exposure pathways in the nomadic community of Turbi ward. Methods: Mixed method approach using qualitative and quantitative research methods was applied in this study to assess exposure pathways and related behavior among the nomadic community of Turbi ward. Thematic data analysis was used to analyze data generated from behavioural observations. Data was presented using graphs and pie charts. Results: A total of 100 households were sampled and about 68% (n=100) of population use surface water for domestic. Turbi manyatta had the highest with 30% (n=100), followed by Kambi Nyoka at 16%(n=100) and the least was Shurr manyatta at 2% (n=100). Surface water was the dominant source of water for these community. About 76% (n=100) of the households did not treat their water before use for domestic purposes and due to scarcity of water the community store water in jerricans for more than one week. About 87% of the residents reported not washing hands before milking animals. Open defecation was the predominant method of waste disposal among the five selected Manyattas, accounting for 95% (n= 100). There was significant relationship between practicing open defecation and using surface water without treatment for domestic purpose at p-value 0.032 (95% CI), using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Conclusion: The study revealed that the study community’s behavioral practices exposes them to faecal exposure due to habitual practice of open defecation, throwing waste to the bush, open burning, drinking untreated surface water and not washing hands before milking animals. There is need for advocacy on social behavior change, and strategies on health promotion targeting Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH).

Analysis of managerial roles of secondary school Principals in implementing Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Tigania West Sub-county, Meru, Kenya

The study sought to analyze roles of secondary school principal in implementing Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Tigania west Sub County. The objectives of the study were; determining leadership skills possessed by principals in secondary schools; establishing availability of resources used by principals; examining how principals involve teachers in monitoring and evaluation; and establishing ways in which principals are involving parents in implementation of competency based curriculum. The study was conducted using descriptive survey design. The target population in the study was 867 participants; 51 principals, 255 HoDs, 510 teachers, and 51 parents in the study area. The sample size of 10 principals, 30 HoDs, 60 teachers and 10 parents were selected using Yamene sample size tables. The test instruments used to collect data were questionnaires, observation checklists and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was coded analyzed and interpreted using statistical packages for social sciences version 20.0 and summarized into frequency tables, pie charts and bar charts. The response rate was 98.5%. The findings of the study revealed that; principals use democratic and transformational leadership styles which inspire teachers to interact with other teachers; enhance cluster setting of exams, marking and attending workshops together which enhance assessment of learners. In addition, parents are involved in junior secondary school because since CBC had not started in senior Secondary schools. From the findings, the study concluded that, 80% of the secondary school principals are not ready to implement the Competency Based Curriculum due to resource constraints and in-service training of teachers. The study also found that, parents are not much involved on the implementation of Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in the secondary schools in Tigania West Sub- County in Kenya

Exploring the Interplay of Socio-demographic Enablers in Sustaining Open Defecation-Free Status among Households in Kakamega County, Kenya

This study aimed to explore the interplay between socio-demographic enablers and the sustainability of post-open-defecation-free status among households in Butere Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey to assess the sustainability of the open defecation-free status at the household level, surveying 6286 certified Open Defecation Free (ODF) households through stratified random sampling. A sample size of 376 households across three wards was selected for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were employed; quantitative data was analysed using SPSS Version 28.1, summarized using descriptive statistics, and presented in tables, pie charts, and frequency tables, whereas qualitative data was analysed thematically. Data analysis involved three stages; univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses. Chi-square tests analysed the statistically significant association between dependent and independent variables. Binary logistic regression predicted the probability of post-ODF status (whether the ODF status was sustainable or not), and 2x2 contingency tables were used to compute the odd ratio. Results revealed that only 9% of households sustained post-ODF status. The chi-square tests revealed a significant association between respondents' gender (χ² = 0.124, p = 0.009*), age distribution (χ² = 6.471, p < 0.05), presence of children under 5 years old in the household (χ² = 1.884, p = 0.004*), level of education (χ² = 5.726, p = 0.006*), employment status (χ² = 9.602, p = 0.006*), and monthly earning brackets (χ² = 11.783, p<0.001*). However, there was no statistically significant association between marital status (χ² = 10.409, p = 0.94>0.05), household size (χ² = 1.782, p = 0.56>0.05), and the sustainability of ODF. On the other hand, the odds ratio for employment status suggests that significant association (OR=1.333; p = 0.007*<0.05; 95% CI: 1.082-1.642), where employed individuals were 1.333 times more likely to sustain ODF status. Further analysis revealed that employment status was a statistically significant predictor of post-ODF sustainability (aOR=1.837 P=0.011; 95% CI: 1.132-2.980). The study concluded that most households (91%) did not sustain post-ODF status after the ODF declaration. It was recommended that health practitioners improve door-to-door monitoring and develop post-ODF tracking tools at the household level, focusing on important parameters from Ministry of Health guidelines. The government and other Water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) stakeholders should support communities in establishing and enhancing economic empowerment programs to increase household income and encourage investments in sanitation infrastructure and hygiene promotion activities.

Effects of Insecurity on Social Activities of Pastoralist Communities, A Case Study of Mandera County

The presence of an imminent threat to people's lives and property is referred to as insecurity. It might represent a threat, posing difficulties, and risks, and raising anxieties, which would have an impact on a nation's socioeconomic progress. The purpose of this study was to examine forms of insecurity among pastoralist communities and evaluate how insecurity affected the social activities of pastoralist communities in Mandera County, Kenya. A descriptive survey study design was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data using questionnaires, interviews and content analysis. A total of 399 household heads, 4 chiefs, 6 sub-chiefs, 10 religious leaders, and 6 members of civil society. A stratified method was used to ensure all the sub-counties were included in the study. Household heads, chiefs, sub-chiefs, religious figures, and members of civil society were sampled using purposive sampling. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS Version 25) computer software program to yield descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Verbatim quotes were used to analyse qualitative data. The findings of the study were presented using tables, figures, pie charts and bar graphs. The findings of this study indicated that Mandera experiences a variety of kinds of insecurity, such as livestock rustling, banditry, border conflicts, terrorism attacks, and inter-clan disputes. The study concluded that there was heightened insecurity in Mandera County caused by terrorism and cattle rustling. Based on the findings above, the study recommended that the county government of Mandera to provide adequate amenities and intensify security in the county in order to ensure the pastoral communities have access to social services

Policy Analysis of the Financial Sector in the Context of Covid-19 the Case of Italy

This paper analyses in detail the financial policies adopted by the national financial sector in the context of the covid-19, the study assesses the number and nature of economic policies introduced during 2020 in 10 countries using data from the Kaggle database. And finally, Italy was selected for the specific study, which introduced the greatest number of policies during the year. The study describes the data through tools such as bar charts, pie charts and tables, and employs a three-tiered classification of policies to give more detail to the analysis. The report shows that Italy's primary focus was on the banking sector with a clear emphasis on support for borrowers. In addition, the Italian government's expansionary fiscal policies have played a key role in revitalizing sectors hit hard by the pandemic, including tourism. While these policies improved Italy's economic situation during the pandemic to some extent, the potential impacts, such as an increase in the national deficit and the burden on the Government, merit future study.

Proportion of Risk of Stroke among Male Patients Attending Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ernakulam District, Kerala

Aim: A descriptive-analytical study was done to assess the proportion of the risk of stroke among male patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, in Ernakulam District, Kerala. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the proportion of the risk of stroke among male patients attending outpatient departments and to determine the association of stroke risk level with socio-personal variables. Methods: The research approach of the study is a quantitative approach. The research design selected for the study is a descriptive-analytical design. The convenience sampling method was used for sample selection. The study was done in MOSC Medical College Hospital, Kolenchery among 288 male patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was done using socio-personal proforma and stroke risk scorecards. Results: Collected data were analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics presented in tables and pie diagrams. The study findings revealed that out of 288 subjects, 43.4% have low stroke risk, 13.9% are in caution and 42.7% have high stroke risk. The findings also revealed that there is a significant association of stroke risk level with age, education, occupation, BMI and place of residence. Statement of the problem: Proportion of risk of stroke among male patients attending outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Ernakulam district, Kerala. Proportion of risk of stroke among male patients attending outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Ernakulam district, Kerala.

Knowledge, awareness, and use of folic acid among women of childbearing age living in a peri-urban community in Ghana: a cross-sectional survey.

Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and maintenance, making it particularly significant during reproduction. Its well-known ability to reduce the risk of congenital anomalies during the periconceptional period underscores its importance. The increased requirement for folate during pregnancy and lactation is essential to support the physiological changes of the mother and ensure optimal growth and development of the foetus and offspring. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and use of folic acid among pregnant and lactating women of reproductive age residing in Dodowa in the Shai Osu-Doku District, Accra, Ghana. The study was a cross-sectional design that involved 388 randomly selected participants (97 pregnant and 291 lactating women). Structured questionnaires were administered to gather information on the socioeconomic demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness, and use of folic acid of the participants. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square analysis tests and are presented as frequencies and percentages, means, standard deviations, bar graphs, and pie charts. The significance of the results was determined at a 95% confidence interval. The mean age of the participants was 31 ± 5.0 years. Among the study participants, 46.1% demonstrated knowledge of folic acid deficiency, while approximately 68.3% had a high awareness of folic acid supplementation. Approximately 75% of the participants indicated that they had not used folic acid supplements within the week, and 15.5% reported consuming folic acid-fortified food per week. The women exhibited high awareness but poor knowledge regarding the usage of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. Consequently, this lack of knowledge influenced the low use of folic acid supplements and low intake of folate-rich foods among pregnant and lactating mothers.

Assessment of Factors Associated With the Acquisition of Competencies among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Ugandan Universities

Purpose: Like other developing countries, Uganda grapples with the critical challenge of equipping nursing students with essential clinical competencies. These competencies encompass vital nursing skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors crucial for effective nursing practice. This study assessed student perceptions and confidence in applying acquired clinical skills among undergraduate nursing students in Ugandan universities.
 Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to assess bachelor's in nursing students from central and western Ugandan universities. Data were entered into Excel and exported to SPSS version 22. Results were presented using frequencies, pie charts, percentages, and tables. Chi-square tests were conducted to assess associations of the variables in the study.
 Findings: The study showed that acquisition of clinical competencies is positively correlated with students’ perceptions (r=0.775) (p=0.000), Institutional factors(r=0.668) (p=0.000), clinical learning environment (r=0.556) (p=0.000), clinical feedback (r=0.439) (p=0.000). The study further shows that 69.9% (n=70) had adequate clinical learning experience, while 31% (n=31) had inadequate clinical learning experience. This implies moderate student supervision, feedback, and an unfavorable clinical learning environment. Competency acquisition in student nurses is positively influenced by the active involvement of students' perceptions, institutional factors, and a supportive clinical learning environment. A sufficient amount of clinical experience is pivotal in developing competent student nurses.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Management should always invite experienced professionals to share career experiences to enhance realistic perceptions among nursing students. Students should be given more time to practice in clinical settings, and management should advocate for including student attitude tests in orientation programs across nursing and clinical training universities.

Malicious Social Bot Using Twitter Network Analysis in Django

Malicious social bots generate fake tweets and automate their social relationships either by pretending to be a followers or by creating multiple fake accounts with malicious activities. Moreover, malicious social bots post shortened malicious URLs in the tweets to redirect the requests of online social networking participants to some malicious servers. Hence, distinguishing malicious social bots from legitimate users is one of the most important tasks in the Twitter network. To detect malicious social bots, extracting URL-based features (such as URL redirection, frequency of shared URLs, and spam content in URL) consumes less amount of time in comparison with social graph-based features (which rely on the social interactions of users). Furthermore, malicious social bots cannot easily manipulate URL redirection chains. In this article, learning automata-based malicious social bot detection (LA-MSBD) algorithm is proposed by integrating a trust computation model with URL-based features for identifying trustworthy participants (users) in the Twitter network. The proposed trust computation model contains two parameters, namely, direct trust and indirect trust. Moreover, the direct trust is derived from Bayes’ theorem, and the indirect trust is derived from the Dempster– Shafer theory (DST) to determine the trustworthiness of each participant accurately. Finally, we shown the user tweet data in terms of graph visualization of bar chart and pie chart of the system. Experimental results shown the better performance of the system.

Newspaper Reading Habit of College Students: A Study of Guru Nanak College Budhlada

The present study was done to know the newspaper reading habits of the students studying at the Guru Nanak College Budhlada which is situated in the rural belt of Punjab. Structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to one hundred students of college through google form. Study was conducted to know the various preferences regarding newspaper reading. Data received from the google form was presented through pie charts and graphs. Study found that most of the respondents daily read newspaper for current affairs purpose and education is their favorite section. Students prefer hard copy of the newspaper in Punjabi language. College students find availability of news on other media and busy schedule as major hindrances to reading newspaper.

Assessment of Fall Risk and its Association with Frailty among Elderly

Falls are a major public health concern about 10% of falls result in serious injuries like traumatic brain injury. Falls can cause poor quality of life and financial costs for both individuals and society. Early detection of who are at high risk of falling makes it easier to provide rehabilitation therapy in the future. Objectives: To assess functional mobility, fall risk and its association with frailty among elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study design comprised 90 male / female elderly patients ages 65 to 75. Subjects with limb amputation history, cognitive impairment and ICU status were excluded. Data were gathered from DHQ Kasur andAriz Memorial Hospital. Non-probability convenience sampling was applied. Ethical approval was obtained from institute before conducting research study ran July 2022 to December 2022.Evaluation tools included Berg Balance Scale, Elderly Mobility Scale, Functional Reach Test, and FRAIL Scale. SPSS version 25.0 used to analyze data. Frequencies, percentages, cross tabulations, bar charts, and pie charts were used to display the categorical variables. Results: Frailty and fall risk are significantly correlated, with a p-value of less than < 0.001. Mobility and Frailty had significant relationship (p< 0.001). There was significant association between Frailty and balance dysfunction with (p<0.001). There was significant association between Frailty and fall risk with (p<0.001). Conclusions: Results suggested that frail elderly were at higher risk of fall and their functional mobility is more compromised as compared to non-frail.

Eksistensi Radio Melalui Konvergensi Siaran di Era Digital

Radio is a communication medium that must now be able to compete with new media which is currently increasingly massive. The aim of this research is to find out how national private broadcast radio in West Java is able to maintain its existence and the strategies it implements to continue to exist amidst competition with digital information platforms that currently exist. Research respondents were managers of local radio stations in West Java, especially those in Bandung, Cimahi, Sukabumi and Cirebon. This research uses qualitative methods by describing the result of questioners and interviewing and then processing them in the form of descriptive narratives and pie diagram. The results of this research are that almost all private broadcast radio stations in the West Java region that were respondents implemented a convergence strategy to maintain their existence and made changes to their broadcast model management. Some of the convergence strategies implemented are broadcasting via digital streaming, creating more interesting broadcast program content with an audio-visual style such as podcasts, choosing broadcasters who have popularity and character, upgrading broadcast equipment, having social media as a branding and content publication medium, and upload content to YouTube media. This convergence strategy is also carried out to increase interest and the number of advertisers so that they can continue to choose radio as a medium for marketing the products and services offered more widely and in a contemporary style.

Determinants of Full Vaccination Status Among Children Aged 12 to 23 Months in Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria

Background: Childhood immunization remains one of the most cost-effective preventive strategies against mortality and morbidity among children. The study sought to identify determinants of full vaccination status among children aged 12 to 23 months in Calabar South LGA, Cross River State. The study was a community-based cross-sectional study among 460 children in the 12 to 23 months age bracket, and information about them was obtained from their caregivers. The sample size of 460 was calculated using the Cochran formula. The study is a quantitative component of a bigger mixed-method study conducted from October to December 2023 among 5 wards selected from the 12 wards in Calabar South through a 2-stage cluster sampling. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis, and ethical approval was obtained from the CRS ethical committee (CRSMOH/RP/HREC/2023/401). The prevalence of full vaccination was presented as a pie chart. Bivariate analysis was carried out using Chi-square test statistics while significant variables at 5% were subjected to multivariable regression to identify independent determinants of full vaccination at a 95% confidence interval. The proportion with full vaccination status was 67%, factors associated with full vaccination included the child's sex/age, caregiver's age, education, occupation, relationship to the child, knowledge, and attitude towards vaccination. Independent determinants of full vaccination included caregivers' age, education, occupation, knowledge, attitude, and the occurrence of missed opportunities. Understanding these variations is crucial for policymakers and healthcare professionals to tailor interventions effectively, addressing region-specific challenges and enhancing overall vaccination coverage.

Data visualization guidance using a software product line approach

Data visualization aims to convey quantitative and qualitative information effectively by determining which techniques and visualizations are most appropriate for different situations and why. Various software solutions can produce numerous visualizations of the same data set. However, data visualization encompasses a wide range of visual configurations that depend on factors such as the type of data being displayed, the different displays (e.g., scatter plots, line graphs, and pie charts), the visual components used to represent the data (e.g., lines, dots, and bars), and the specific visual attributes of those components (e.g., color, shape, size, and length). A similar problem arises when designing data tables, where the dimensionality of the data and its complexity influence the choice of the most appropriate structure (e.g., unidirectional, bidirectional). Often, this broad spectrum of configurations requires a visualization expert who knows which techniques are best for which type of data source and what is to be conveyed. Typically, researchers and developers lack knowledge of data visualization best practices and must learn the design principles that enable effective communication and the technical details of the specific software tool they use to generate visualizations. This paper proposes a software product line approach to model and realize the variability of the visualization design process, using feature models to encode knowledge about design best practices in graphs and charts. Our approach involves solving visualization design variability through a stepwise configuration process and evaluating the proposal for a specific software visualization tool. Our solution facilitates effective communication of quantitative results by helping researchers and developers select and generate the most effective visualizations for each case. This approach opens up new opportunities for research at the intersection of data visualization and variability.

Perception of Higher Secondary School Students Towards Online Education

In recent years, the landscape of education has undergone a significant transformation with the rise of online learning platforms. The proliferation of internet access and advancements in technology has paved the way for a paradigm shift in how individuals access educational content. As traditional brick-and-mortar institutions grapple with challenges such as accessibility, flexibility, and scalability, online education has emerged as a viable alternative, offering unprecedented opportunities for learners worldwide. This research study aims to delve into the dynamics of online education, examining its impact on traditional educational models, its effectiveness in fostering learning outcomes, and its potential implications for the future of education. By exploring the various facets of online education, including its benefits, limitations, and evolving pedagogical approaches, this study seeks to provide insights into its role in shaping the educational landscape of the 21st century. The present study is related to Perception of Higher Secondary School Students towards Online Education. The method used for the present study was Descriptive Survey Method. The sample consists of 100 higher secondary school students from Samba district J&K. The data was collected using self constructed Questionnaire on Google Forms. Purposive Sampling Technique was used to collect the data and were analyzed using Percentage and data represented with the help of Pie Chart. The results of the study revealed that Online education is easily accessible, flexible in nature as students learn at their own pace and on their own schedule, offer variety of courses and programs,improved technical skills of students, material is available 24x 7hrs, but students don’t believe online classroom can replace traditional classroom teaching.

Optimizing biocompatible materials for personalized medical implants using reinforcement learning and Bayesian strategies

This study presents a comprehensive research methodology integrating computational approaches, statistical analysis, and visualization techniques to predict biocompatible materials for medical implants and evaluate predictive model performance (Whiting K. 2020, October). The initial phase involves data acquisition and preprocessing, organizing a representative dataset into a pandas data frame. Visualization of the dataset through bar, pie, and line charts provides insights into relationships between materials and functional attributes. The subsequent phase focuses on evaluating a predictive model using simulated datasets and key metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve with an area under the curve (AUC) value. Performance metrics are visually represented through bar charts and ROC curves, aiding stakeholders in understanding the model’s strengths and areas for improvement. The confusion matrix offers a granular examination of the model’s classification performance. The results and discussion section delves into graphical representations, emphasizing the material vs. strength/conductance/resistance/function chart, elucidating the diverse functional profiles of materials. The distribution of material functionality pie chart succinctly illustrates the proportional contribution of each material, aiding informed decision-making in material selection. The materials performance graph provides a nuanced understanding of material characteristics, guiding the development of personalized healthcare solutions. Model performance metrics and receiver operating characteristics graphs comprehensively assess the predictive model, while the confusion matrix details classification outcomes. This methodology and its visualizations contribute to predicting biocompatible materials, emphasizing the significance of advanced computational approaches for efficiently navigating the complex material space. The study’s outcomes inform both material scientists and healthcare professionals, guiding the development of personalized healthcare solutions tailored to specific patient needs.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post-Operative Corneal Decompensation after Cataract Extract among Patients in Khartoum Eye Hospital - Sudan June 2021 - January 2022

 Background: Corneal decompensation is a medical condition characterized by opacity of the cornea. This condition arises as a result of mechanical injury caused by inadvertent contact of intraocular instruments with the cornea during surgery. Cataract extraction involves a surgical procedure to remove a clouded lens from the eye that has developed over, which can impede vision in the affected eye.  Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of post-operative corneal decompensation after cataract extraction according to the type of surgical procedure  Methodology: This is a Descriptive, retrospective, Cross sectional, hospital-based study, was conducted in Khartoum eye hospital, from June 2021 to January 2022. Patients who underwent cataract extraction between June 2021 - January 2022 Patients who were diagnosed with corneal decompensation were included. Data collection was conducted from medical record by using data sheet. The data will be analyzed via SPSS program (Statistical Package for The Social Sciences) and Microsoft Excel program. using chi square, t-test and correlation then be presented in the form of tables, bar charts and pie charts.  Results: About patient’s gender, males were 53(48.2%), females were 57(51.8%), patients from 70 – 79 years were 42(38.2%), 60 – 69 years were 33(30%), 50 – 59 years were 20(18.2%), and 40 – 49 years were 15(13.6%). About Diagnosed with symptoms of corneal Decompensation, yes 17(15.5%), No 93(84.5%), ; Extracapsular surgery was done in 55(50%) of patients, Phaco was done in 35(31.8%) of patients, and small incision cataract surgery was done in 20(18.2%) of patients, Glaucoma 7(15.5%) was the most common other contributing factors in followed by Trauma 4(36.4) and previous steroid use was 1(25%) respectively, About experience any intra-operative complications, no 108(98.2%) patients, yes 2(1.8%) patients.  Conclusion: Most of patients were females, between 70-79 years old, Extracapsular surgery was the most occuring type of surgery. Extracapsular surgery had the largest percentage of corneal decompensation. There was a notable correlation (significant association) that was observed between between gender, age and corneal decompensation.  Recommendations: Further research involving a larger sample size is necessary to validate the results of this study, Education programs should be developed to raise the awareness of patients.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Puerperal Sepsis among Women Attending the Postnatal Ward at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital

Puerperal sepsis is a global problem. It causes maternal morbidity in every hospital in the world. Some people acquire the sepsis after they have been admitted to the hospital maternity ward. Usually about 4-6 percent of patients who come into the hospital and maternity ward acquire some kind of clinical infection. The study aimed to determine the factors contributing to puerperal sepsis in postnatal mothers in maternity ward at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. A cross sectional study was conducted whereby questionnaires were availed to mothers in maternity ward to fill. All mothers who delivered from Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital and develop puerperal sepsis were included in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using Microsoft excel manually and interpreted into average and percentages and presented on tables, graphs and pie charts. The study found out that the prevalence of puerperal sepsis at fort portal regional referral hospital is 22.4% and most respondents were multiparous (80.6%0, 49.4% delivered from the hospital, 41.7% from home while 8,8% delivered from the traditional birth attendant. 64.7% had spontaneous vaginal delivery, while 35.3% had caesarean section, and 58.8% were assisted by doctors while 41.2% were assisted by midwives/nurses, 57.6% took the normal period of labor and 42.4% had prolonged labor and 12.9% experienced antepartum hemorrhage. The prevalence of puerperal sepsis was found to be 22.4% and it as associated to factors such as parity, mode of delivery, place of delivery, duration of labor and other medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension and HIV infection. Government through the Ministry of Health should partner with hospitals creating affordable costs to mothers whenever serious conditions a rise. Aseptic technique should be practiced when assisting mothers during delivery. Keywords: Puerperal sepsis, Clinical infection, Patients, Postnatal mothers, Caesarean section, Vaginal delivery.

Understanding Multifaceted Determinants of Contraceptive Utilization among Adolescent Females: Insights from Wakiso District, Uganda

Despite global efforts to enhance contraceptive utilization, adolescent females in Uganda face persistent challenges accessing and utilizing modern contraceptive methods, resulting in high fertility rates and maternal mortality. This cross-sectional study investigated the intricate factors influencing contraceptive usage among adolescent females attending Kasangati Health Center IV in Wakiso District, Uganda. Employing questionnaire-based surveys, the study targeted adolescent females attending the health center, utilizing simple random sampling to select 220 participants, as determined by Fisher's formula. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20, presenting comprehensive findings through tables, pie charts, bar graphs, and narratives. The study uncovered a concerning contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) of 19% among adolescent females, despite existing awareness of family planning methods. Key determinants of contraceptive usage included limited knowledge about contraception, constrained access to services, entrenched societal norms, and gender dynamics. The findings highlight the urgent need to address these multifaceted barriers to enhance contraceptive utilization and mitigate unmet needs among adolescent females. The study's recommendations encompass targeted educational campaigns, improved accessibility of family planning services, and fostering the engagement of both genders in reproductive health decision-making processes. Ethical considerations were meticulously observed, with informed consent obtained from participants and ethical approval secured from relevant authorities. This study contributes seminal insights into the complex landscape of contraceptive utilization among adolescent females in Uganda, offering critical guidance for policy formulation and programmatic interventions aimed at improving reproductive health outcomes and curtailing maternal mortality rates. Keywords: Contraceptive utilization, Adolescent females, Reproductive health, Family planning, Wakiso District and Uganda