PID Control System Research Articles

Opening and Closing Positioning Control of the Seedling Picking-Up Mechanism Based on Fuzzy-PID Control Algorithm

The success rate of automatic transplanter seedling picking is affected by the harsh operating environment of the transplanter and the reduced output accuracy of the opening and closing positioning of the seedling-picking mechanism due to the interference of the external environment. To solve such problems, the paper proposes to use an adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm as the opening and closing positioning-control system of the seedling-picking mechanism. Based on the theoretical analysis and calculation of the positioning accuracy of the seedling-picking mechanism, a mathematical model of stepper motor angular velocity control was established, and a stepper motor angular velocity control model based on fuzzy PID (conventional PID) control was established in MATLAB/Simulink. In order to further simulate the actual working condition of the seedling-picking mechanism, a simulation model of stepper motor control with disturbance was built, and the response results showed that the fuzzy PID control system could get rid of the disturbance faster under the action of external disturbance signals. The results of the opening and closing positioning test of the seedling-picking mechanism showed that the fuzzy PID control system has higher control accuracy and more stable control performance than the PID control system, which meets the design requirements.

Fractional Order Calculus and Derivative Implementation

The concept of fractional calculus dates back to the early days of calculus and may be traced back to Arbogast's publications in the 1800s. Multiple derivatives are defined in this situation by powers of D that are logically discovered to be integral in nature. However, this gave birth to the idea of evaluating this operator's fractional power and attempting to determine its equivalent form or operating it on some function in a meaningful way.This part of calculus is classified as special calculus, and it did not find much application in engineering until the advent of electronic computers and control systems, where it began to show its capability, such as increasing the number of control parameters in a PID control system, which essentially increases its ability to be optimised, albeit at a higher complexity. This project begins with introducing the fundamentals of fractional calculus, followed by fractional derivatives of standard functions and their interpretation, and then provides fractional calculus applications in the context of electronics.

Infant Warmer with Digital Scales for Auto Adjustment PID Control Parameters

Babies need temperatures that match the temperature of the mother's womb, which is between 35°C – 37°C. The latest research on infant warmer device used fuzzy method as a system for controlling temperature in infant warmers. The problem raised in the previous research is that the temperature was not evenly distributed throughout the bed at each predetermined temperature setting. When it reached the setting temperature, the warmer continued to turn on so that the bed got hotter. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to make an infant warmer device equipped with digital scales with a temperature setting of 350C- 370C using PID control to stabilize the temperature and ensure that the heat is evenly distributed on the bed. In addition, skin temperature is also added, allowing the nurses know at which level of patient's body temperature is when observations should be made. The infant warmer in this module used an arduino microcontroller which is displayed in 7 segments, the skin sensor used is the DS18B20 temperature sensor to read the skin temperature, while the infant warmer temperature sensor used is LM35 as a PID control system. The results of the current research in making the device module were compared with the measurement results of the comparator. It was revealed that current research has obtained smallest error of 0% in temperature setting of 350C. For the comparison with the incu analyzer, the smallest error was obtained at the temperature setting of 370C with an error value of 0% on the T5 measurement. Meanwhile, the difference in skin temperature against the thermometer is 0.10C. The results showed that the temperature distributed on the module had different error values. Hence, this research can be implemented on the PID control of infant warmer system to improve the performance of infant temperature stability.

System for PID Control and Autotuning PID using Ziegler-Nichols Method

The impact of automation had drawn our attention towards the advancements of closed-loop control systems (feedback/feedforward control systems). A PID control system is used in almost every industrial as well as commercial application. Therefore, it becomes important to efficiently tune these PID control systems. Various advancements are done in auto-tuning these parameters. However, due to the absence in the existing system, which implements the PID control as well as auto-tunes the parameter, this paper aims at constructing a system, which eliminates the hectic process of tuning the PID manually and implementing PID control with ease.

Modeling of pine sleek PID control system in AC heat exchanger

Modeling of pine sleek PID control system in AC heat exchanger

An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with Multiple Strategies for PID Control System Design

In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) with multiple subpopulations is developed for PID control system designs. The original single population needs to be divided into several subpopulations, and each subpopulation then tackles a corresponding performance index of the system. Under this proposed structure, several PID controllers can be simultaneously designed to meet different performance indexes when the algorithm is executed only one time. It is a great improvement because the general PSO algorithm with a single population can only deal with one performance index. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, a complicated chemical nonlinear process called the continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is illustrated. Three different kinds of control operations are simulated including the step response control, set-point tracking control, and unstable equilibrium point control. For each control case five different performance indexes are assigned to guide the PID controller design combined with the nonlinear CSTR system. Simulation results will sufficiently confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Discussion on tuning method of quantization factor of fuzzy PID controller

Quantization factor is one of the main external parameters of a fuzzy PID controller, which has an obvious impact on the performance of the controller. The traditional setting methods do not reveal its inherent laws. In this paper, we take a specific fuzzy PID control system as the research object. Secondly, we study the influence of quantization factor on the performance of the controller in detail. We propose a new method of calculating quantization factor with probability coverage. Experiments are conducted to prove its rationality and effectiveness

Design and test of a liquid helium cryostat with automatic level control for cooling a superconductive single-flux-quantum circuit chip

A small-scale liquid helium cryogenic system has been designed for cooling the superconductive single-flux-quantum circuits. With a special double inner cylinders structure and a PID control system, automaticcontrolof the liquid helium level could be achieved. The cooling capacity recovered structure was added to the cold shield of the system in order to reduce the heat leakage of the system. Besides, A special composite magnetic shielding structure was designed to ensure the circuits working in an extremely low magnetic environment. Experiments were conducted to test the thermal performance and the magnetic shielding efficiency of the liquid helium cryogenic system. The results show that the storage time of the liquid helium is about 2 days with about 110 coaxial cables and the magnetic flux density at the chip location is below 5 nT at the temperature of 4.2 K.

A modified PID-based control scheme for depth-of-hypnosis control: Design and experimental results

Background and Objective: Many methodologies have been proposed for the control of total intravenous anesthesia in general surgery, as this yields a reduced stress for the anesthesiologist and an increased safety for the patient. The objective of this work is to design a PID-based control system for the regulation of the depth of hypnosis by propofol and remifentanil coadministration that takes into account the clinical practice. Methods: With respect to a standard PID control system, additional functionalities have been implemented in order to consider specific requirements related to the clinical practice. In particular, suitable boluses are determined and used in the induction phase and a nonzero baseline infusion is used in the maintenance phase when the predicted effect-site concentration drops below a safety threshold. Results: The modified controller has been experimentally assessed on a group of 10 patients receiving general anesthesia for elective plastic surgery. The control system has been able to induce and maintain adequate anesthesia without any manual intervention from the anesthesiologist. Conclusions: Results confirm the effectiveness of the overall design approach and, in particular, highlight that the new version of the control system, with respect to a standard PID controller, provides significant advantages from a clinical standpoint.

An Embedded Linear Model Three-Dimensional Fuzzy PID Control System for a Bionic AUV under Wave Disturbance

This study provides a new embedded linear model (ELM) three-dimensional fuzzy PID control method for a bionic autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), which is disturbed by ocean waves. The uncertainty of the ocean waves will make it difficult for the AUV to achieve good sailing quality, especially near the sea surface. In view of this problem, an ELM fuzzy PID controller, which adopts three-dimensional fuzzy control rules, is designed. In the ELM fuzzy PID controller, a linear model of AUV is established in order to actively perceive the effect of waves on AUV. Hence, the wave disturbance can be reflected in the control signal earlier and faster. Finally, three simulations are carried out to verify the control effect of the ELM fuzzy PID controller. An ocean wave disturbance model is established in order to simulate the force and the moment acting on the AUV. The results imply that compared with the classical PID controller and normal fuzzy PID controller, the ELM fuzzy PID controller can significantly enhance the stability of AUV and make the response faster and overshoot smaller.

Electronic Differential Control System Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and PID Control

For the front wheel steering, the control effect of the four-wheel hub-driven electric vehicle driven by the rear wheel is not accurate and stable. It is proposed to replace the traditional PID control system with the particle swarm algorithm to realize the online optimization of the PID regulator parameters. The simulation model of the improved system is built in MATLAB. Compared with the conventional PID control method, the results show that the improved four-wheel drive system has a smaller slip ratio between the left rear wheel and the right rear wheel, which improves the directional stability and braking efficiency of the wheel electric vehicle.

An Extension of Intelligent PID Control System to I-PD typed Control System and Parameter Tuning by FRIT

An Extension of Intelligent PID Control System to I-PD typed Control System and Parameter Tuning by FRIT

DC Motor PID Control System for Tamarind Turmeric Herb Packaging on Rotary Cup Sealer Machine

The end of this research is to find PID tuning value on the packaging automation process using the PID method. By finding the most suitable PID tuning value, a fast packaging process is obtained. Herbal ingredients in herbs that are left in the open for a long time tend to be damaged more quickly. So after the production process ends, the herbs must be packaged quickly. With the packaging automation method, the product can be hygienic and does not spoil quickly. One of the most widely and easy-to-use for automation methods in the industry is the PID control method because it can accelerate the system response, stabilize the system to match the setpoint and minimize overshoot. This study will discuss how the design of the PID control system using DC motor transfer function modeling in Matlab and the Second Ziegler-Nichols PID tuning method, the effect of the load on the motor response, and the effect of PID on the production speed. The system was tested with PID tuning values are Kp = 12, Ki = 12,506, Kd = 0.0028785, speed motor 24 RPM and a load of 3,160 Kg produces a good output response are delay time = 0.502 s, rise time = 0.804 s, settling time = 4.023 s, peak time = 133.084 s, Overshoot = 0.125% and Steady State Error = 0%. The effect of PID control on production speed is 83% faster than manual production and 29% faster than systems without PID.

DESIGN OF DYNAMIC NONLINEAR INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING

Based on back propagation neural network (BPNN), we design a dynamic nonlinear intelligent control system for signal processing and analysis in this work. Performances of the traditional PID and BPNN control systems is compared in a case of heat power engineering system design. In the design, the training times, regulation time of the BPNN control system are evaluated when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Furthermore, the regulation time, oscillation time and amplitude of the traditional PID and BPNN control systems are compared in the dead zone. Results of the comparison show that the BPNN based dynamic nonlinear intelligent control system demonstrates superior performances over the traditional PID control system. The research results prove the advantage of BPNN in the design of nonlinear control systems and provide a scientific and effective reference for the follow-up research works.

A Review on PID Control System Simulation of the Active Suspension System of a Quarter Car Model While Hitting Road Bumps

A Review on PID Control System Simulation of the Active Suspension System of a Quarter Car Model While Hitting Road Bumps

METHODOLOGY FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITIONING CONTROL OPTIMIZATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

The transient nature of automotive air conditioning systems control is generally achieved through proportional–integral–derivative controllers (PID’s) parameters tunning. Due to the vast database available from decades of automotive manufacturers design and expertise, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) might be able to identify underlying patterns to predict and properly tune the air-conditioning PID control systems under different thermal requirements. Recently, advances in computational capability have enabled compact embarked systems to rapidly solve complex, multi-variable sets of equations, thus allowing for ANN to promptly calculate tunning parameters and act upon PID controllers. As any new application, technical literature is still scarce. On this research, a coupled PID and 6-layers perceptron ANN system was devised, programmed and used to simulate how an air-conditioning system performance can be optimized through proportional–integral–derivative controllers tuning. This proposed setup response was then compared to a conventional heuristic PID tunning method (Ziegler Nichols) to demonstrate how ANN’s can more rapidly stabilize the system output.

Design of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Temperature Control System Based on Fuzzy Adaptive PID

This paper presents a temperature control framework of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) of after-treatment system (ATS) which aims to increase the control precise of DOC temperature under different exhaust flow rates. To start with, a control-oriented DOC temperature model is established. Considering the sensitivity of DOC to different exhaust flow rate, a fuzzy adaptive PID temperature control system framework under the Smith predictor is designed. Finally, the controller is verified in the Matlab/Simulink. The results show that when tracking the desired temperature, the overshoot is reduced and the response speed is faster at different exhaust flow rates compared with the traditional PID control system.

High Performance Single and Double Loop Digital and Hybrid PID-Type Control for DC/AC Voltage Source Inverters

The concept of hybrid control has been introduced, in which the analog implementation of the control algorithm is combined with a digital algorithm for determining the PWM duty cycle. Single-loop PD and PID control systems are compared to a double-loop architecture with additional capacitor current sensing for both digital and hybrid controller realizations. The performance is measured as the THD value under resistor-capacitor rectifier load. It has been shown that a properly constructed continuous-time model of a digital controller with a PWM power converter behaves like the actual discrete-time system, which allows for a simple controller analysis and design. The role of a PWM type for capacitor current feedback is emphasized. The simulation models of a real inverter are presented, which are used to tune the controllers and to evaluate the control performance for both rectifier and abruptly changing resistive load. The obtained solutions achieve the THD values comparable to the VSI without load. The results are contrasted with the control methods based on resonant filters.

Optimization Methods For Control Systems of The Headbox And The Cross Direction Control on Papermaking Machines

This paper briefly introduces the Headbox and the Cross Direction, and analyzes challenges in their control systems. The main challenges in these two control systems are nonlinearity and parameter coupling. To solve these problems, or at least reduce the influence of these problems on the control systems, a few optimization methods are proposed. In this paper, some practical optimization methods are introduced based on modified PID control, which is the most commonly used control system in process industries, such as the paper-making industry. Those methods optimizing the PID control system can be mainly divided into two classes: decoupling and PID tuning. Besides, some practical methods optimizing the Cross Direction control systems are introduced. Also, the introduced methods can be divided into two classes: CD tuning and cooperating with parameters of the headbox system to optimize. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated in simulations. However, since the nonlinearity of the system, there is no accurate and unique solution. In addition, with the development of demand and technology, there will be no such thing as an algorithm suitable for every control system, so that new algorithms will be proposed.

Analisis Pengaturan Quarter-Car Active Suspension Menggunakan Neuro-Fuzzy Adaptif PID Control

Car as a vehicle has a suspension on the wheels that connect the body with the road surface. The suspension is arranged in such way as to ensure the comfort in driving even on uneven road surfaces or damaged road surfaces. Because of the changes in road surface, it is very important to make adjustments to the suspension. The car suspension is adjusted using Neuro-Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control System so that the performance of the suspension can be improved in ensuring user comfort by reducing vibrations in the car body. Improved performance can be seen in the results of the suspension setting, which can suppress the movement of the car body because of the change in road surface more than 80%.