Pictorial Narrative Research Articles

Socrates Represented: Why Does He Look Like a Satyr?

Previous articleNext article No AccessSocrates Represented: Why Does He Look Like a Satyr?Maria Luisa Catoni and Luca GiulianiMaria Luisa Catoni Search for more articles by this author and Luca Giuliani Search for more articles by this author Maria Luisa Catoni is professor of Ancient Art History and Archaeology at IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca. She is the author of Tre figure: Achille Meleagro Cristo (with Carlo Ginzburg, Luca Giuliani and Salvatore Settis, 2013), Bere vino puro: Immagini del Simposio (2010), and La comunicazione non verbale nella Grecia antica (2008). Her current projects include a study on the representations and notions of movement in classical antiquity and a project on the relationship between word and image in terms of symbolic articulation. Luca Giuliani is professor emeritus of Greek and Roman Archaeology at the Humboldt-Universität, Berlin and permanent fellow at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study. Among his recent publications are Image and Myth: A History of Pictorial Narration in Greek Art (2013), Possenspiel mit tragischem Helden: Mechanismen der Komik in antiken Theaterbildern (2013), and Das Wunder vor der Schlacht: Ein griechisches Historienbild der frühen Klassik (2015).PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Critical Inquiry Volume 45, Number 3Spring 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/702595 Views: 555Total views on this site © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Karelian Refugees during WWII and Their Photographic Narrative from 1940 to 2002

This article explores the photographic representation of the evacuations from the former Finnish Karelia in the late 1930s until mid-1940s in military history photobooks. It examines from a comparative perspective the images taken during the evacuation process - before, during and after the Winter War (1939-1940) as well as during and after the Continuation War (1941-1944). Thereby it pays special attention to the construction of pictorial narratives about the evacuation, and it investigates the motives behind the choice of these narratives and how they changed over time. Furthermore, it asks whether the narratives in the photobooks differ from those in the archives - and if so, in what respect. The article seeks to determine whether there are topics that are only reflected in the archived photographs but do not appear in the books, or vice versa. One of the aims of this study is to identify the influence of the images on the Finnish cultural memory of the evacuation processes. The article is ultimately a contribution to the understanding about the iconography of large-scale population transfers in the history of Eastern Europe and the power of photographs in constructing cultural memory

Образ Дидоны в итальянской живописи XV века: границы интерпретации

The growing attention to humanistic culture in 15th-century Italy led to the emergence of figures that came from ancient poetry and history. In the paintings on ancient plots artists visualized ideals of morality, the nobility of deeds, and relationship between the fate of human, and the chosen life path. In the circle of most popular female characters in Quattrocento secular painting was the image of Dido, legendary Carthaginian Queen. Her story was known in Renaissance Italy in several versions: from the writings of ancient historians, Roman poetry, medieval knightly novels. The essay attempts to show diversity of semantic contexts that determined Dido’s tragic image interpretations in Quattrocento Italian painting.The features of artistic embodiment of legendary and poetic plots are considered on domestic narrative paintings (wedding chests of the workshops Apollonio di Giovanni, and Francesco di Giorgio Martini), and compositions of Liberale da Verona and Andrea Mantegna. The article focuses on important principles in visual representation of images: the structure of pictorial narrative, expressive means, characteristic attributes.

Nefes, Hareket ve Zaman: Rulo Formatlı Temsîlî Çin Resimlerinde Kullanılan Anlat

Bu makale, el rulosu formatlı Çin resimlerinin oluşturduğu belirli değerlendirme çerçevesi içinde, anlatı kuramının temel sorunlarından olan zaman sorununu çeşitli boyutlariyle ele almaktadır. Böylesi bir çalışmada diğer sanatsal üretim formlarının ve diğer temsîlî resim geleneklerinin değil de özellikle Çin geleneğinin ve Çin el rulolarının dikkate alınmış olmasının nedenleri, Çin resminin dünya sanat tarihindeki ayrıcalıklı konumu ve el rulosu formatındaki resimsel anlatıların, anlatı kuramını zenginleştiren değerli katkılarıdır. Çin resmi, üzerinde sayısız araştırmalar yapılmış olan Avrupa resim sanatı ile birlikte, dünyanın en eski iki temsîlî resim geleneğinden birisini teşkil etse de, “deixis,” yani “gösterim” kavramına verdiği değer açısından Avrupa geleneğine göre önemli farklılıklar içerir. Avrupa temsîlî resim geleneğinde güdülen temel amaçlardan birisi, sanatçının fırça darbelerinin izlerini tamamen yok edecek ve böylelikle iki boyutlu bir yüzeyde kusursuz bir üç boyutlu gerçeklik yanılsaması yaratacak resim tekniklerinin geliştirilip mükemmelleştirilmesi iken, Çin temsîlî resim sanatında, sanatçının fırça darbelerinden yansıyan bedensel eforunun izlerinin muhafaza edilmesi büyük bir önem arz eder. Öyleki, temsîlî Çin resimlerinin bilinçli ve eğitimli taraflarca yapılan değerlendirmelerinde, her resmin daima iki ayrı konusu bulunmaktadır: Bunlardan birisi resmin gözle görünen konusu—mesela bir peyzaj calışmasındaki dağ, göl, orman ve bunun gibi doğa sahneleri—diğeri ise, eserin hayata getirildiği anlarda sanatçının elinin resmin yüzeyinde gidip gelmelerinden hasıl olan fiziksel üretim konusudur. El rulosu formatındaki resimlerde izleyiciler, resmin konusundan doğan zamanda ve mekânda yolculuk duygusuna, ellerindeki ruloyu bir ucundan açıp diğer ucundan sararak, kendi beden hareketleriyle eşlik etme imkânı bulur; dolayısiyle bu tip rulo formatlı resimler, anlatı zamanı, bellek ve öykü paylaşımı aracılığiyle öğrenim kavramları ile ilgili bir dizi sorunun verimli bir biçimde ele alınmasını sağlar. İşte bu amaçla yola çıkılan bu çalışmada, öncelikle Çin resminin altı temel prensibi sunulmakta, daha sonra çeşitli kompozisyon tipleri ve özellikle el rulosu formatında öne çıkan konu türleri incelenmektedir. En son değerlendirme noktasında, ister görsel, ister dilsel yollarla anlatılmış olan bütün öykülerin, tek yönlü bir iletişim değil de, sanatçılar ve eserleriyle çok yönlü etkileşimlerde bulunulmasını sağlayan, anlamın, yani öykü deneyiminin tekrar tekrar ve her an değişen biçimlerde yaratıldığı tükenmez enerjili bir tür sinir ağı teşkil ettikleri saptaması yapılmaktadır.

Коммуникативные стратегии в новеллистическом сборнике Сергея Очиняна «Казаки и мангусты»

Problem of genre nature of short novels by a contemporary Russian author Sergei Ochinyan is discussed. The relevance of the study is determined by the following factors: the genre nature of literary texts in some cases is determined by formal external features, but today the nature of this problem is such that it affects a number of related industries, so that the approach to solving this issue is relevant in interdisciplinary terms. Particular attention is paid to the theory and history of the novelistic genre. The author proceeds from the fact that in order to determine the genre nature of a text, it is necessary to rely on the theory of communicative strategies of their competences, reference, creative and receptive, which are formed by the narrative picture of the world and the conditions of eventuality. Object of study is the collection of stories by Sergei Ochinyan “Cossacks and Mongooses.” It is proved that the title and theme of the collection appeal to the work by O. Henry “Cabbages and Kings.” The results of comparative analysis of the texts of both authors using communicative strategies are presented. It is noted that the analysis of the texts, taking into account the communicative strategies, proves the belonging of the work “Cabbages and Kings” to the genre of a short novel, while “Cossacks and Mongooses” is a collection of stories, genetically ascending to an anecdote. It is concluded that only from the standpoint of the use of communicative strategies a genre becomes what B. M. Gasparov called “communicative contour of a statement.”

What narrative is

AbstractUnacknowledged by its practitioners, narratology has often been revisionary rather than descriptive when categorizing narratives. This is becausedefinitions, expert judgmentandpersonal intuition, traditionally the main tools for categorization, are vulnerable to media blindness and to being theory loaded. I argue that to avoid revisionary accounts of ordinary everyday practices such as narrative or gameplay of which non-experts have a firm understanding, expert categorizations have to be tested against folk intuitions as they become apparent in ordinary language. Pictorial narrative in single pictures is introduced as a specific case of categorization dispute and an experiment laid out in which non-experts assess if different pictures tell stories. As the chosen pictures correspond to different criteria of narrative to varying degrees, the experiment also serves as an implicit test of these criteria. Its results confirm monochrony compatibilism, the position that single monochronic pictures can autonomously convey stories. While the pictures rated high in narrativity correspond to traditional criteria of narrative, I argue that the way in which these criteria are usually interpreted by narratologists is problematic because they exclude these pictures from the realm of narratives. It is argued that the way marginal phenomena are categorized is essential for a sound understanding of even the most paradigmatic objects of a domain because categorizations influence definitions and definitions ultimately guide interpretations.

Differences between EFL Beginners and Intermediate Level Readers When Reading Onscreen Narrative Text with Pictures: A Study of Eye Movements as a Guide to Personalization

ABSTRACTCompared to reading text alone, pictures are regarded as easier for readers to comprehend the context. For EFL readers, their reading behavior on text with pictures needs to be carefully inspected. The study aims to examine how different are the viewing behaviors of EFL beginners versus intermediate readers on reading narrative paragraphs and accompanying pictures. Seventeen junior high and twenty-one senior high students represented as EFL beginners and intermediate readers, respectively. Both of them read consecutively three screens with narrative texts and pictures illustrating the texts. The results showed that both beginners and intermediate readers paid more attention to the texts than the pictures. The beginners almost solely fixated on the texts and few fixations fell on to the pictures while the intermediates had more fixations on both texts and pictures. The eye-movement data in the specific AOIs showed that the intermediates made more references between text and pictures when they encountered difficult words or processed semantic meaning making. The beginners were less efficient in reading, having less fixated time on each screen, and encountered greater difficulties in comprehension than the intermediates. Based on eye-movement data, a personalized strategy to alter display sequence could be provided to support EFL beginners: Before going into narrative reading, a reminding message could be dispatched onscreen guiding them to view standalone pictures and to inspect pictorial components carefully to serve as the macro-reading strategy. The personalization could also be realized by posting cognitive and meta-cognitive level questions during the inspection of picture.

Shifting Panoramas: Contested Visions of Cuzco’s 1650 Earthquake

A large painted panorama of the city of Cuzco, Peru, presents the disastrous earthquake that struck the city in 1650 as a unifying vision of civic response. However, differences between its inscription and pictorial narrative divide two religious images that are responsible for miraculous intervention: a painting of the Virgin that boasts a Spanish pedigree and documented miracles, and a life-size sculpted crucifix whose origins are enshrouded in legend. By memorializing the material presence of these two images, the earthquake painting allows Cuzqueños to subvert the Spanish narrative of the Virgin and highlight the crucifix as protector.

Investigating the role of vocabulary size in second language speaking ability

The current study investigates the extent to which receptive vocabulary size test scores can predict second language (L2) speaking ability. Forty-six international students with an advanced level of L2 proficiency completed a receptive vocabulary task (Yes/No test; Meara & Miralpeix, 2017) and a spontaneous speaking task (oral picture narrative). Elicited speech samples were submitted to expert rating based on speakers’ vocabulary features as well as lexical sophistication measures. Results indicate that vocabulary size was significantly associated with vocabulary rating. However, learners with large vocabulary sizes did not necessarily produce lexically sophisticated L2 words during speech. A closer examination of the data reveals complexities regarding the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and speaking. Based on these findings, we explore implications for L2 vocabulary assessment in classroom teaching contexts and provide important suggestions for future research on the vocabulary-and-speaking link.

ВОЕННЫЙ ПАРАД В РУССКОЙ ЖИВОПИСИ ВТОРОЙ ЧЕТВЕРТИ XIX ВЕКА КАК СИМВОЛ ПРОСЛАВЛЕНИЯ ИМПЕРАТОРА НИКОЛАЯ I: ОТРАЖЕНИЕ КЛАССИЦИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕИ В ПОЛОТНАХ РОМАНТИЧЕСКОГО ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАБОТ А. И. ЛАДЮРНЕРА И Г. Г. ЧЕРНЕЦОВА)

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of depicting and interpreting military parade in the Russian easel painting of the second quarter of the XIX century. Military parade is considered as a symbol of glorification of the rule of the emperor Nicholas I. The author analyzes the techniques to develop artistic spaces designed in the romantic style but satisfying the classicistic tradition to perpetuate the monarch’s image. A. I. Ladurner’s and G. G. Chernetsov’s canvases depicting the erection of the monument to the autocrat Alexander I on the Palace Square in 1834 serve as the examples of pictorial narration.

Studying Children's Cultural Knowledge and Behaviors Related to Environment, Health, and Food: Methods for Ethnoecological Research with Children

Children's ethnoecological knowledge and behaviors related to the environment, health, and food can differ significantly from those of the adults around them. It can be difficult to design studies to capture these differences because standard ethnographic methods do not necessarily translate well to fieldwork with children. We review and evaluate the range of tools useful for eliciting children's (birth to age 12) cultural knowledge and behavior across the domains of health, food, and the environment, identifying the characteristics of different methods (e.g., what type of data they produce, their fit with types of research questions, ages with which they have been used, analytical tools, advantages, and disadvantages). Methods examined include systematic observation in situ (time scans or spot observations), focal follows, photo and video elicitation, artwork, photovoice, video diaries, scrapbooking, oral semi-structured interviews, focus groups, written surveys and diaries, object identification and sorting, attribution tasks, and narrative picture book tasks. We find several opportunities to strengthen ethnoecological research with children. These include regularly disclosing and discussing the challenges and details of using informed consent and conducting new research to understand the impacts of integrating technologies with other methods to collect ethnoecological data with children. Careful consideration of methods is important for rigorous research and this article serves as a tool for researchers working with or considering working with children, to expand the body of research engaging with and analyzing children's unique cultures.

Cultural, ideological and practical barriers to open access adoption within the UK Academy: an ethnographically framed examination

This article presents the results of part of an ethnographic study which examined the perceptions, development and conceptions of open access (OA) practice across the UK higher education environment. It details a qualitative semi-structured interview data capture approach with many institutionally based OA practitioners, which provided a narrative picture of academic and institutional responses to emerging OA dissemination paradigms. Through an analytical process incorporating qualitative content analysis and ideological critique, it focuses on practitioner perceptions of the types and configuration of barriers between scholars and a greater cultural adoption of OA practices. While the greatest problems perceived relate to academic intellectual disengagement or indifference to publishing praxis change, no singular cause of resistance was identified. The study reveals practitioners’ perceptions of a multiplicity of operational, technological and ideological barriers blocking progress, and consequently a picture of academic engagement remaining disappointingly patchy. Moreover, moves to increase scholarly compliance through allying it to modalities of fiscal income and metrics, while potentially enhancing practical compliance, appear to risk distorting any revolutionary configuration of OA practices.

Critical Literacy in Elementary Social Studies: Juxtaposing Historical Master and Counter Narratives in Picture Books

ABSTRACTIn this article the authors demonstrate how pairing master and counter narrative picture books, along with critical literacy practices, can be used to enhance the social studies curriculum outlined by state standards taught in today's elementary schools. These intentional book pairings allow students to grapple with what history truly means and to question how history is told. To facilitate an understanding of how such lessons could take place, a model lesson plan and a description of paired picture books that lend themselves to critical literacy lessons and that represent commonly taught elementary social studies content are provided. A list of resources is included to assist teachers in locating additional picture books.

Frederic Shields’s Chapel of the Ascension

Abstract In 1889 the Pre-Raphaelite artist Frederic Shields (1833–1911) received a commission to paint the walls of a chapel in London. The patron, Emelia Gurney (1823–1896), was a devout Christian who envisaged a non-denominational place of worship and reflection, a place of refuge from the accelerated pace of the industrial age. The building, located just off Hyde Park in the Bayswater section of London, was designed by the architect Herbert Horne (1864–1916) and was based on Italian quattrocento ecclesiastical design. The interior walls were covered in a rich iconographical program conceived jointly by patron and artist. The pictorial narrative, painted in high Renaissance style, emphasized the theme of salvation and can be understood as a direct response to the fragmentation of religious practice and belief taking place in Britain at the time. This article is an investigation of the Chapel’s painted pedagogy. Completed in 1910, the building was bombed during the Blitz and is no longer standing.

Action snapshot with single pose and viewpoint

Many art forms present visual content as a single image captured from a particular viewpoint. How to select a meaningful representative moment from an action performance is difficult, even for an experienced artist. Often, a well-picked image can tell a story properly. This is important for a range of narrative scenarios, such as journalists reporting breaking news, scholars presenting their research, or artists crafting artworks. We address the underlying structures and mechanisms of a pictorial narrative with a new concept, called the action snapshot, which automates the process of generating a meaningful snapshot (a single still image) from an input of scene sequences. The input of dynamic scenes could include several interactive characters who are fully animated. We propose a novel method based on information theory to quantitatively evaluate the information contained in a pose. Taking the selected top postures as input, a convolutional neural network is constructed and trained with the method of deep reinforcement learning to select a single viewpoint, which maximally conveys the information of the sequence. User studies are conducted to experimentally compare the computer-selected poses and viewpoints with those selected by human participants. The results show that the proposed method can assist the selection of the most informative snapshot effectively from animation-intensive scenarios.

Yulyurdu: Smoke in the Desert

ABSTRACTI begin this paper with a nod to ‘the beginning’ by linking smoke to fire, and fire to humankind. Bound up in this deep history of smoke and humanity is a dichotomy cleaving humans from animals and the west from the rest. Taking smoke at Yuendumu, a Warlpiri community in central Australia as my subject, I aim to destabilise some of the certainties entrenched in this dichotomy. Smoke, of course, is nigh impossible to pin down, literally as well as conceptually. So rather than trying to immobilise it, I follow in smoke’s own fashion and waft across different kinds of fires and different kinds of analytical approaches. Ethnographically, I draw a narrative picture of the different ways in which smoke at Yuendumu permeates everyday life by considering the smoke of breakfast fires, signalling fires, cooking fires during storms, caring-for-country fires, and the scent of cold smoke on blankets, clothes, and bodies. Analytically, I move from smoke and how it relates to embodied Warlpiri ways of being in the world, to smoke and childhood socialisation, including baby smoking rituals. From there I shift to the smoke of caring-for-country fires, and on to smoke, memory, odourphilia, and odourphobia. I conclude by pondering the potential of a smoke-like approach.

Pictorial Narrative with Tension and Relief: A Story with Complication and Resolution in a Single Picture

Pictorial Narrative with Tension and Relief: A Story with Complication and Resolution in a Single Picture

Paul Gauguin's Noa Noa prints: Multi-analytical characterization of the printmaking techniques and materials

The Art Institute of Chicago holds an extensive collection of works on paper by Paul Gauguin, including 39 unique woodblock prints from the artist's famed Noa Noa Suite that he produced following his first visit to Tahiti. Although Gauguin's graphic works are among his most innovative and experimental, they have been less studied from a technical perspective than his works in other media. This paper presents results from an in-depth, multi-analytical investigation of the Noa Noa prints that employed non-invasive techniques hand-in-hand with selective analysis of microsamples of the printing inks and pigments to provide a detailed characterization of Gauguin's materials and insights into his working methods. The study reveals Gauguin's creativity in the manipulation of his materials to produce distinctive visual effects in his woodblock prints: this included the formulation of oleoresinous media to produce textural effects, and the selective use of hand- and stencil-applied colors for various impressions. The analytical findings also confirm visual evidence of fading and other alterations in pigments that help to inform our interpretation of the imagery. Overall, this research has aided understanding of Gauguin's pictorial narratives and enhanced our appreciation of the artistic significance and technical ingenuity involved in the production of this understudied part of his oeuvre.

Lectura analítica del paisaje cultural en Santa Fe de Antioquia desde el levantamiento de nuevos mapas

Los contenidos históricos de un territorio se revelan en el paisaje cultural. Éste se refiere al proceso de transformación simbólica que puede ser leído a través de las huellas espaciales, que no son otra cosa que el accionar de la cultura con un lugar. En ese sentido, la lectura de Santa Fe de Antioquia a través de una serie de 10 paisajes tiene por objetivo destacar y revelar los aspectos de la materialidad e inmaterialidad referida a la identidad del territorio a través de los valores físico-espaciales y paisajísticos en su trasegar por el tiempo. A partir del levantamiento de nuevos mapas se establecen vínculos teórico-prácticos entre los procesos históricos, estéticos, físicos y simbólicos, contrastados con agentes transformadores del modelo económico (discurso de la competitividad, la industria turística y la presión inmobiliaria). Dichos mapas combinan la lectura y análisis de la cartografía y de documentos estratégicos y de ordenamiento con la coreografía y la narrativa histórica-literaria-pictórica en un análisis multivariado y multitemporal. Esta metodología descriptiva, interpretativa y propositiva se aproxima a la lectura física de los encuentros del entorno, lo urbano y el centro histórico, como elementos culturalmente determinantes en la imagen del paisaje que, en el caso de estudio, apuntan a un empobrecimiento del mismo.

Speaking proficiency of young language students: A discourse-analytic study

This study investigated a range of fluency, grammar, vocabulary, and content features of young language students’ speaking performances, using a discourse-analytic approach. In total, 179 test takers’ responses to the speaking section of the TOEFL Junior® Comprehensive test were selected for analysis. Mixed-design ANOVAs were used to compare 21 spoken discourse features across four proficiency levels and two task types (i.e., a picture narration task and an integrated listen/speak task). The discourse features largely differentiated test takers across proficiency levels. Task types showed some impact on measures of grammar, vocabulary, and content, but had no influence on features of fluency. Findings of the study have implications for the language development of young second and foreign language students and provide insights into language assessment task design for this population.