PIC Controller Research Articles

Design of one axis three position solar tracking system for paraboloidal dish solar collector

Solar Tracking System plays a vital role in the maximum generation of solar energy. However, the design of the sun tracker which was currently in use is very complicated and expensive. Those sun tracker units are heavy and seems to be difficult to install and prone to breakdown. This project aims to design an automatic Solar Tracking system which overcomes the above mentioned problems. In this process one axis three position solar tracking system was developed, to reduce the complexity and to shut down the cost and the same has been tested. Taking into consideration, the high efficiency with the lower cost, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors have been used in this project to track the sunlight position. Two LDR sensors one facing East and other facing West senses the intensity of sunlight and the result will be compared. The difference in the intensity will be calculated by the Programmable Interface Controller (PIC controller) which was fixed below the paraboloidal dish solar collector. If there is any difference in values, the controller sent the signal to the DC geared motor that passes through the amplifier which amplifies the signal according to that of DC geared motor. At once the motor receives the signal it tilts the solar collector. The above process will continue till the intensity of sunlight received by both the sensors is same. In this way, paraboloidal dish solar collector collects the maximum sunlight which will be converging to a black receiver for the maximum heat production. The test result shows that, the one axis three position tracking device is able to track and follow the Sunlight intensity in order to get maximum solar energy in the form of heat irrespective of the motor speed.

Efficiency Improvement with Solid State Starter for Three Phase Induction Motor Applications

Three phase induction motor is a versatile machine for energy conversion. All three phase machine will operate with a starter. The Starter is a mechanical or electromechanical device. Starters are facilitating for easy on and off the motor, protect from excess load current, and safe from low or high supply voltage. Some of the starters have mechanism of reduce the starting input current to the motor. These are activated through mechanical or electromechanical components. The solid state starter eliminates the mechanical components action and working as static device. The a) moveable touch contactor, b) Thermal or magnetic overload relay, which through the load current flow, c) No volt coil, which is to be energized for plunger contactor are major components of the starter. The above components are consuming the power during the whole operational time of the motor. The solid state starter is minimizing the above power loss at great extent. The solid state starter activation speed also very high since the capture the voltage value, current value, temperature value and to and fro of control signals for operating the motor is based digital system. The applied voltage, load current, temperature of the motor are captured by sensors and fed to the PIC controller, and the star to delta conversion and power feed to the motor by activating GTO also implement by same PIC controller. This method of starting the motor has many advantageous such as reduce more loss and increase the efficiency, more reliability, effective sensitivity, compact size of the starter. The method of starting is executing with MATLAB simulation and physically verified as wellconfirmed.

Design and Analysis of Electronic Controller Based Robot Arm

Modern industrial robots are designed according to the principal design rules to construct light and stiff. When the controllers are used in industrial robots, the problem arises due to the repetitive motion and technical aspects of the controller. In this work, we proposed an alternative electronics controller design for the robotic arm in order to withstand various load conditions. The PIC controller is used to control the robot motion and to reduce time delay of motion and to analyze the performance of the prototype on various load conditions. In this paper, a robotic arm that serves as a tool to lift an object from one place to another where it can be widely used in factory is developed. The main focus of this work is to design, develop and to implement robot arm with enhanced control with stumpy cost. The proposed system is actuated by 3 DC motors and the motion of the robot arm is controlled by PIC micro controller. The robot arm is designed with two degree of freedom and talented to accomplish accurately simple tasks, such as light material handling, which will be integrated into a mobile platform that serves as an assistant for industrial work force. The designed arm lifts up to 2 kg object.

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The pattern of this paper comprises of a self-navigating robotic ship(ship spy)as a base on which guided by the computer in the control room and the remote triggered for a weapon is fitted in the ship vehicle. The PIC Controller acts as a crucial scheming element for the ritual built vehicle. The PIC architecture describes a family of RISC-based COMPUTER PROCESSOR. The reduced complexity and simpler design build a low-energy system on chip for an embedded system incorporating memory, interfaces, radios, etc. The ship contains single board embedded system that is equipped with GPS and RF modems along with PIC processor, which in turns the GPS receiver has been interfaced with the vehicle which is capable of receiving information from the GPS satellites and this technology allows the system in finding out the location of the ship in terms of Latitude and longitude coordinates, anywhere on earth and provides most up to date information about ongoing trips. The control room can transmit the targeted location by RF modem technology to the ship in terms of Latitude and longitude data. Once the ship receives this data, the microcontroller unit compares the targeted location with the present location and separately moves to the desired location. Additionally the camera is mounted on the robotic ship, which is in a scanning pattern to capture all the visible details around the ship.The video is transmitted to a control room through RF module, if the presence on enemy is detected the mounted weapon on the vehicle is triggered based on the commands from the control room. The main purpose of this project is to provide following features a)Location information b)Real time tracking c)Communication is instantaneous therefore we can receive running report d)Completely integrated controlled and monitored by control room

MECHATRONIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR AGRO INDUSTRIES

The main aim of this paper is to develop an automation system with energy management capability for agro-based industries using sensors and ZigBee technology. To design an automation system which will monitor the analog parameters and to send these values to the control system where they can be read and control with the set points. If these values exceed their set points, the system will start the controlling devices and set back the exceeded values back to normal. It combines energy management with energy transfer, during power failure by using external batteries. Here ZigBee used to communicate the data wirelessly. The analog parameters like Soil Moisture, Water Level, Temperature, and current flow are measured by the respective sensors and these values are transmitted by the transmitter node. The receiver section is connected to host computer. The PIC based microcontroller receives these values and compares these values with the fixed values and if they exceed the set points, the PIC controller will send commands to controlling devices which will corrects the exceeded values to normal.

Force Control of 6-DOF Pneumatic Joystick

In this paper, it is presented the development of a new type force feedback system. It is based on a 6-DOF Stewart parallel mechanism1,2) which has six pneumatic actuated cylinders. The thrust force of each cylinder is controlled by PWM control for the solenoid valve and it is actualized by PIC controller. When the pneumatic actuator is controlled, it must be considered the influence on the compressibility of air. For this problem, we guarantee the control characteristics by the effect of the accumulator. It is confirmed that the thrust force of the cylinder can be applied to the pneumatic parallel mechanism, and is presented the experimental result of force control for vertical direction.

Smart Vehicle Control System based on ARM and μC/OS-II

The ARM7 controller is used in many applications. In this paper it is used as the core controller, to control the entire vehicle. A voice recognition module will be used for human interaction with the vehicle. This module will be at the transmitter side i.e. with the person, which gives the desired commands. The controller used at the transmitter side is PIC controller. This signal will be received by the controller at the receiver end placed on the vehicle for controlling. In controlling mainly four operations will be performed i.e. forward, stop, left, right in this prototype. To provide safety IR sensors will be used which gives feedback at the receiver end whenever there is any obstacle. For real time operation μcos-ii will be used to enhance the performance of system.

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Nowadays evasion from due payment of automobile loan, vehicle insurance is an ordinary affair. This paper deals with the design & development of an advanced vehicle locking system in the real time environment based on the loan / Insurance details. The proposed system consists of an PIC16F877A and GSM module that is embedded in the vehicle with an interfacing to Engine Control Unit (ECU) through I2C Bus which is in turn, communicated to the ECU. The ECU will allow starting the vehicle only after receiving the fair signals from the PIC controller. If the user attempts to remove the PIC controller unit, the fair signal won’t get received by the ECU and thereby the engine will not ignite. In this proposed work, Real Time Clock (RTC) and EEPROM data will automatically lock the vehicle on the every 30th day of the month. The engine can be unlocked only by the banker / insurer by sending the due clearance confirmation message. It makes the way for the prompt payment of the dues by the customer. Inculcating hardware implementation, ensuring vehicle security, user friendliness are some of the valuable features enlisted in this project. PROTEUS software is used for simulation and MP LAB for compilation. Theft protection can also be added as future work.

Modified incremental conductance MPPT algorithm to mitigate inaccurate responses under fast-changing solar irradiation level

During the increment of solar irradiation, the conventional incremental conductance algorithm responds inaccurately at the first step change in the converter duty cycle. This paper presents the conventional algorithm confusion and proposes a modified incremental conductance algorithm that responds accurately when the solar irradiation level increases. Moreover, the proposed algorithm shows zero oscillation in the power of the solar module after the maximum power point (MPP) is tracked. MATLAB simulation is carried out with the modified incremental conductance algorithm under a fast-changing solar irradiation level. Results of the modified, conventional and variable step size incremental conductance algorithms are compared. Finally, the hardware implementation, consisting of a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) and a PIC controller, is applied as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The simulation and experimental works showed that the proposed algorithm performs accurately and faster during the increment of solar irradiation level.

Design and Synthesis of Pants for Recording the Angles of Hip, Knee and Ankle Joint with Computer Processing

eter is a device used to measure the angle of joints during dynamic movements. Flexion ,extension , abduction and adduction are the motions that are measured by an electrogoniameter . This study has both software and hardware parts. In its hardware part, these elements have been used: A PIC16F877 as the microcontroller, two 32 kilobytes memories, an 8 channel A/D IC, and elements like resistors, capacitors and some other elements. The Lab VIEW software has been used for receiving data. This software shows the gathered information thorough printer port which is sent from the external memories. But anyway the goal of using such different tools is designing and synthesis of wired pants that records the angels of feet and legs (8 JOINTS) simultaneously and showing them in the computer. The most advantage of these pants is its dynamicmovement measuring. Keywordsr, PIC controller, Labview, A/D IC , angle measurings

Speed Control of Induction Motor via Pic Controller Using Lab View

This paper gives an overview on Speed control of Induction Motor via Pic Controller using Lab VIEW. For Monitoring and controlling the Induction motor speed we can use the Lab View Simulation software. Lab VIEW Software can be used for continuous monitoring in an Real Time System applications. Most of the Industrial Automation control process are done by Lab VIEW software only. Lab VIEW Software plays major role in Industrial Monitoring and control systems. There are various types of controller used in Drive control systems in order to perform some actions such as Speed control, Run Motor in both forward and reverse direction. Here we have used Pic Controller for speed control process. From Lab VIEW software we can send Signals to Pic Controller to Run Induction Motor in either Forward/Reverse Direction and we can set the Speed of the Motor.

Design and Implementation of Electronic Control Trainer with PIC Microcontroller

This paper describes the implementation of a PIC microcontroller in a conventional laboratory-type electronic trainer. The work comprises software for the PIC and hardware for the software. The PIC controller uses an EasyPIC6 board and includes a PC-interfaced programmer for the PIC chip. It has many external modules: 128 × 64 graphic LCD display, 2 × 16 LCD display, 4 × 4 keypad, and port expander, all in the same bench. The trainer is capable of 36 experiments in logic/analogue electronic and control systems. A 5-sided approximate sensor, two photoelectric sensors (BR56-DDT-P and BEN9M-TFR), four CMOS, four BCD-7-segment driven by CD4511B, two relays (2-pole and 3-pole), six voltages, ammeter measurement, DC motor, and 24VDC power supply, connect through connectors and pinions. Results of all the experiments show the trainer satisfying requirements of undergraduate and postgraduate projects involving conventional electronic and classical control systems.

Design & Implementation of Closed Loop PID Mechanism for wire Tension Control (Tensioner) in Winding Machine

Wire tensioners form a crucial part of winding equipment. The tensioner is used to deliver the wire by measuring the maximum tension that wire would tolerate. The quality of winding and productivity of winding machines depends on wire tensioners to a large extent. Usually, the tensioners used in winding application are completely manufactured mechanical with no/little electronics in it, which are not compatible and reliable for variable tensions and different diameter of wires. Since these tensioners are not flexible, for winding machines, alternatives based on Digital Signal Processors (DSP) or any appropriate Controllers are used. We are proposing a PIC Controller based tensioner that would deliver a constant tension with closed loop PID control at constant position of dancer arm mainly by using servomotor and stepper motor. This method is economical and easily scalable to any equivalent controller architecture. This work was supported by Synthesis Winding Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore.

Design & Implementation of Closed Loop PID Mechanism for Wire Tension Control (Tensioner) in Winding Machine

Wire tensioners form a crucial part of winding equipment. The tensioner is used to deliver the wire by measuring the maximum tension that wire would tolerate. The quality of winding and productivity of winding machines depends on wire tensioners to a large extent. Usually, the tensioners used in winding application are completely manufactured mechanical with no/little electronics in it, which are not compatible and reliable for variable tensions and different diameter of wires. Since these tensioners are not flexible, for winding machines, alternatives based on Digital Signal Processors (DSP) or any appropriate Controllers are used. We are proposing a PIC Controller based tensioner that would deliver a constant tension with closed loop PID control at constant position of dancer arm mainly by using servomotor and stepper motor. This method is economical and easily scalable to any equivalent controller architecture. This work was supported by Synthesis Winding Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore.

Development of Control Program for Plant Growth Parameter Analysis in Lowland Tropical Greenhouse

The purpose of this project is to develop control system for environment parameter in the lowland tropical greenhouse using Microcontroller. The plant growth analysis covered both inside and outside greenhouse was presented. The controller was used to monitor the temperature, relative humidity and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) in the planting of chili. The study of VPD is to show air moisture conditions for plant production while taking into account different temperature levels. The controller is used to maintain the ideal VPD inside the greenhouse where it has been done for an experimental greenhouse. The higher temperature inside greenhouse, during the day time, further proves the greenhouse effect. The ideal VPD is about to achieve at midnight where the temperature ranged between 19 and 23°C at relative humidity of 54 to 57%. PIC controller was successfully being used and interfacing with computer (read data). The ability of controlling the environment parameter such as temperature, relative humidity and VPD give great potential for the application of the greenhouse in agriculture plantation.