Phytosynthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Photo-catalytic, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer properties of phyto-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Artemisia tournefortiana Rchb extract

Metal nanoparticles have largely been investigated due to their potential medicinal activities. This study demonstrates the biological properties of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Artemisia tournefortiana Rchb ethanol extract. Instrumentations such as ultraviolet-visible spectra analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to reveal the synthesized AgNPs. Microscopic results showed that the particles were mostly spherical in shape, having an average diameter of 22.89±14.82nm. The antibacterial activity of the phyto-fabricated AgNPs was investigated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The in vitro cytotoxicity effect was investigated against normal human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and human colon adenocarcinoma cancer (HT29) cells. The apoptotic cells were identified by annexin V/PI FITC staining, and morphological assessment. The expressions of Bax and Bcl2 were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR method. The phyto-synthesized AgNPs have shown increased cell apoptosis and demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HT29 cancer cells. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the phyto-synthesized AgNPs was evaluated by degradation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 under UV light exposure and these fabricated Ag nanoparticles demonstrated efficacy in degrading the dye within 60min. Overall, the present results highlighted the antibacterial and anticancer properties of fabricated AgNPs, suggesting that phyto-synthesized silver nanoparticles could possess potent anti-pathogenic bacteria and anti-colon cancer activities.

Effect of phyto-synthesized silver nanoparticles on developmental stages of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi and dengue vector, Aedes aegypti

Rapidly synthesized phyto-mediated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Artemisia nilagirica aqueous leaf filtrate has been confirmed through UV–visible spectrophotometer. The synthesized Ag NPs were further characterized using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to determine the present of functional groups and average particle size (6.723nm with cubic nature), respectively. Spherical shape (≤30nm) of Ag NPs was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bio-efficacy of these nanoparticles showed larvicidal and pupicidal properties than the aqueous leaf extract treatment alone against developmental stages (I–IV instars and pupa) of malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and dengue vector Aedes aegypti at 0.25% concentration level. The LC50 (LCL:UCL at 95% confidence limit) values of I–IV instar and pupa of An. stephensi were recorded at 0.343 (0.261:0.405), 0.169 (0.025:0.263), 0.198 (0.105:0.265), 0.141 (0.045:0.205) and 0.050 (0.606:0.224) % respectively and for Ae. aegypti (I–IV instar and pupa) 0.460 (0.364:0.537), 0.352 (0.239:0.432), 0.331 (0.833:0.549), 0.217 (0.228:0.378) and 0.161 (0.630:0.356) % were observed, after 24h exposure. The first report of present investigation revealed that the rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using A. nilagirica leaf filtrate would be an effective potential alternative green larvicide for the control of mosquitoes at the developmental stages with eco-friendly approach.

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Walnut (Juglans regia) Bark with Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus mutans

ABSTRACTA green method using Juglans regia bark extract was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles at room temperature with monitoring by absorption spectroscopy. The size and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The average particle size was from 10 to 30 nm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the separation, identification, and quantification of components of the plant extracts. A possible mechanism for the synthesis of nanoparticles was elucidated based on the GC–MS results. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed effective inhibition against Streptococcus mutans, which is the main causative agent for dental caries. The nanoparticles also showed promising antibiofilm activity by inhibiting the glucosyltransferase enzyme.

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of Lippia citriodora: Antimicrobial, larvicidal and photocatalytic evaluations

Nanoscience and nanotechnology represent new and enabling platforms that promise to provide broad range of novel and improved technologies for environmental, biological and other scientific applications. This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by aqueous leaf extract of Lippia citriodora at two different temperatures of 50°C and 90°C. The synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was monitored by the use of UV–visible spectroscopy at different temperatures and time intervals. The surface plasmon bands (SPBs) showed peaks between 417 and 421nm at 90°C and around 430nm at 50°C, indicating a red shift at lower temperature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the nanoparticles showed the presence of similar peaks found in the spectra of the plant extract. The size of the AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which indicated an average size of 23.8nm (90°C) and 25nm (50°C). The nanoparticles showed better antimicrobial activities when compared to the crude plant extract against several screened pathogens: Gram negative (Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi) and Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) strains and a fungi organism; Candida albicans. In addition, the AgNPs showed good larvicidal efficacy against early 4th instar of Culex quinquefasciatus (a vector of lymphatic filariasis). Finally, the nanoparticles exhibited photocatalytic properties on an industrial waste pollutant, methylene blue.

Phyto-synthesized silver nanoparticles for biological applications

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are valuable metal nanoparticles that exhibit exceptional properties compared to their bulk materials. Pronounced surface area, quantum confinement effect complemented by small particle dimension, and many other extraordinary characteristics make AgNPs suitable in a variety of applications. Different methods have been adopted to synthesize AgNPs. Biological methods can formulate AgNPs in an environmentally friendly manner without producing toxic waste. Among the biological methods, plants are simple and attractive sources for AgNP synthesis. Compared to AgNPs produced via other modes of synthesis, phyto-synthesized AgNPs, due to their safety features, have been found to be advantageous for a variety of applications, especially biological applications. Strong research efforts have investigated the utility of phyto-synthesized AgNPs for different applications. Investigators are coming up with innovative applications of phyto-synthesized AgNPs for the development of science and technology and to benefit humankind. The present article focuses on phyto-synthesized AgNPs for biological applications, with a brief review of their synthesis, mechanism, and size/shape control.

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Leaf Extracts from Ocimum basilicum and Mangifira indica and their Effect on some Biochemical Attributes of Triticum aestivum

In this investigation, leaf extracts of Ocimum basilicum and Mangifira indica were used as reducing agents for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The biosynthesized AgNPs were authorized by UV-vis spectrophotometry and X‑ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. AgNPs were obtained after 5 min of reaction at 80oC. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by the presence of absorption peaks at 439 nm using extract from O. basilicum and at 442.5 nm from M. indica. X‑ray spectra showed strong peaks for the crystalline Ag. Shape and size of the biosynthesized AgNPs were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). Size of the produced AgNPs was found to be 9–35 nm. Effect of the synthesized nanosilver was then investigated on some biochemical attributes of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum cultivar saka 92). The growth parameters such as shoot lengths, fresh and dry weight of shoot, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents in shoot of wheat plant were investigated. Application of AgNPs synthesized from Ocimum basilicum and from Mangifira indica at the concentrations of 20,40 ppm showed an increase in shoot length, fresh and dry weight of shoot, chlorophyll, total carbohydrate and protein content in shoot of wheat plants, beyond these concentrations an inhibitory effects were shown.

An in vitro study on the burn wound healing activity of cotton fabrics incorporated with phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles in male Wistar albino rats

In modern therapeutics, chemically synthesized drugs have been reported as causing adverse effects including allergies, rashes, itches, and swelling. For the past few decades, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have widely been applied in medical domains due to their antimicrobial and wound healing properties. In the present study, different concentrations of phytosynthesized AgNPs-saturated cotton dress fabrics – in comparison to cotton fabrics treated with commercial ointment – were tested for 18days to assess their ability to speed the healing of rats' burn wounds. No significant difference in body weight was observed during the course of treatment as compared to the normal rat group. The cotton fabrics observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the distribution of AgNPs in the cotton fibers. Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) spectrum also authenticated the AgNPs' distribution. At the end of the experimental period, the wound healing efficacy of dressing containing commercial ointment (Burn Heal) was slightly lower than that of treatment containing 100μg/kg of body weight (kg b.w.) of AgNPs. Additionally, it was also observed that the wound contraction area was higher than that of the positive drug 100μg/kg b.w. treated group, which indicates comparatively better-quality activity of ointments with AgNPs with regards to their burn healing properties. The histological and SEM observations showed better fibril alignments in repaired skin when compared with the negative and positive control groups. Perhaps due to the tensile strength of the comparatively higher concentration of nanoparticles, Groups IV and V (which contained the most nanoparticles out of all the groups) showed much better healing properties than did the positive drug treated group VI. Altogether, increased-concentration AgNPs show increased recovery action in comparison to the positive drug treated group. This study provides additional insight into the incorporation of AgNPs in wound dressings for speedy recovery of burn wounds, for improved human welfare.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity from phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles against medical devices infected with Staphylococcus spp.

ObjectivesBiofilm formation on the surface of medical devices, such as artificial prosthetics and catheters, are serious challenges to biomedical science. Most conventional methods, such as antibiotic therapy and medical device replacement, have failed because of low efficiency in medical environments. In the present study, we aimed to prevent infection by human pathogens Staphylococcus epidermidis (35984) and Staphylococcus aureus (740), which are resistant to antibiotic therapy. To prevent these infections, phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coating was tested.MethodsThe AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous extract of Berberis asiatica leaves and were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The viable cells of bacteria were counted using a digital colony counter.ResultsAgNPs were 15 nm–35 nm in size and crystallized in a face-centred-cubic structure. Furthermore, the AgNPs coating on glass surfaces were bactericidal.ConclusionsThis study suggested that phytosynthesized AgNPs capped with various biomolecules present in leaf extracts of B. asiatica coated on glass surface prevent S. epidermidis and S. aureus associated infections of medical devices. Thus, coating of phytosynthesized AgNPs on glass surfaces may provide efficient antibacterial treatment of infected medical devices.

Amphotericin B-conjugated biogenic silver nanoparticles as an innovative strategy for fungal infections

New strategies are required to improve the efficacy of drugs and to treat the emerging microbial resistance. An effective strategy is to combine drugs with metal nanoparticles for the control of microbial infections and resistance. Keeping in view this fact, we developed a facile and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of amphotericin B-conjugated silver nanoparticles and their assessment as an antifungal agent. Phytochemicals from the aqueous extract of Maytenus royleanus and amphotericin B were used as capping agents to prepare two types of silver nanoparticles i.e. (i) biogenic silver nanoparticles (b-AgNPs) and (ii) amphotericin B-conjugated biogenic silver nanoparticles (Amp-bAgNPs). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to detect the characteristic surface Plasmon resonance peaks (SPR) for the prepared nanoparticles (424–433 nm). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) study revealed the formation of well dispersed and spherical silver nanoparticles and Amp-bAgNPs with an average particles size of 10 and 15 nm. EDX and FTIR studies confirmed the elemental composition and surface adhered biomolecules in the prepared nanoparticles respectively. Biogenic silver nanoparticles revealed low to moderate antifungal activity (4–8 mm ± 0.2), however, the amphotericin B conjugated silver nanoparticles exhibited significant activity against Candida albicans (16 mm ± 1.4) and Candida tropicalis (18 mm ± 1.5). In conclusion, the enhanced antifungal activity of the Amp-AgNPs conjugate system is due to the synergy between the antifungal activity of amphotericin B and the antimicrobial property of silver. The findings of this study suggest that the conjugated nanoparticles could be used as efficient antifungal agents and drug delivery vehicles. Furthermore, this is the first report describing the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Maytenus royleanus and the conjugation of amphotericin B, an antifungal drug, to the phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles.

Phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Mussaenda erythrophylla leaf extract and their application in catalytic degradation of methyl orange dye

Nanotechnology has played a definitive role in defending the environment-related issues. The prime reason for this claim is that nanotechnology sowed the seeds for the green synthesis of nanoparticles, rather than using noxious and persistent chemicals, thus leading to the eradication of biological risks. A plethora of plant-mediated metal nanoparticle (especially, silver) synthesis has been carried out and is still successfully continuing, because of its simple approach, instant synthesis mechanism, long-term stability and eco-friendly nature. The current article accounts for an environmentally safe method for silver nanocatalyst synthesis using the leaf extract of Mussaenda erythrophylla, for the first time. The UV–visible absorption spectrum of the silver nanoparticle solution displayed a distinct peak at 414nm. As identified by FTIR spectroscopy, the leaf extract acts as a source of a variety of phytochemicals and are primarily responsible for reduction to zero-valent silver. The nanoparticles were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Analysis using SEM confirmed the formation sub-100nm sized particles and EDAX proved the existence of elemental silver in the sample. XRD analysis established the crystalline nature – face-centred cubic – of the nanoparticles. The zeta potential value of −47.7mV, defines the good stability of the silver nanoparticle solution. The article highlights the degradation of the azo dye, methyl orange, using silver nanoparticles as a promising catalytic agent and sodium borohydride as a reductant.

Phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Alternanthera tenella leaf extract: an effective inhibitor for the migration of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells.

In this study, phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using an aqueous leaf extract of Alternanthera tenella. The phytochemical screening results revealed that flavonoids are responsible for the AgNPs formation. The AgNPs were characterised using UV-visible spectrophotometer, field emission scanning microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction. The average size of the nanoparticles was found to be ≈48 nm. The EDX results show that strong signals were observed for the silver atoms. The strong band appearing at 1601-1595 cm(-1) correspond to C-C stretching vibration from dienes in FT-IR spectrum indicating the formation of AgNPs. Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells treated with various concentrations of AgNPs showed a dose-dependent increase in cell inhibition. The IC50 value of the AgNPs was calculated to be 42.5 μg mL(-1). The AgNPs showed a significant reduction in the migration of MCF-7 cells.

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using miracle fruit plant (Synsepalum dulcificum) for antimicrobial, catalytic, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic applications

AbstractIn the present work, we report the phytosynthesis of AgNPs mediated by leaf and seed extracts of

Essential oil mediated synthesis of silver nanocrystals for environmental, anti-microbial and antioxidant applications

Our quest for a green, non-toxic and environmentally benign synthetic design for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles has led to the use of essential oil present in plant parts as the bioreductant. In this report, silver particles at nanoscale have been synthesized using essential oil present in the leaves of Coleus aromaticus at physiological pH and at 373K. UV–vis spectra of the colloid display strong plasmon bands centred around 396–411nm, characteristic of silver nanoparticles. Comparative studies of the FTIR spectra of essential oil and silver nanoparticles reveal the involvement of terpenes and their phenolic derivatives in reduction and subsequent stabilization. TEM micrographs and XRD pattern show the formation of 26 and 28nm sized face centred cubic structured crystalline nanospheroids with intermittent formation of nanorods. The phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles are found to be effective in degrading hazardous organic pollutants including methyl orange, methylene blue, eosin yellowish and para nitro phenol within a span of a few minutes. Dose dependant antibacterial activity of the biogenic nanosilver against pathogenic Gramme-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Gramme-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) has been portrayed through agar-well dispersion method. The antioxidant activity including antiradical activity and reducing power have been depicted through superoxide radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, DPPH assay and reducing power activity involving the reduction of ferric ion.

Antimicrobial efficiency of biologically synthesized nanoparticles using root extract of Plumbago zeylanica as bio-fertilizer application

The synthesis of nanoparticles using biological system is in wide research due to the potential applications in Nano medicines. The biological synthesis of nano-particles is less expensive & eco-friendly. In the present study, the silver nanoparticles are synthesized rapidly due to the root extract of medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica . After assessing the formation of silver nanoparticles, these phyto-synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial activity against test cultures of Bacillus cereus, Straptococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Escherchia coli . The antibacterial property of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by measuring Zone of Inhibition. The silver nanoparticles synthesized from root extract of Plumbago zeylanica showed toxic effect on Bacillus cereus, Straptococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Escherchia coli . The outcome of this study will help in future to develop value added drug from medicinal plant for biomedical and nanotechnology based industries.

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaves extract of Ficus talboti king and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

The present study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 90 °C temperature using an aqueous extract from Ficus talboti leaf and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the AgNPs obtained. The devised method is simple and cost-effective, and it produces spherical AgNPs of size 11.9 ± 2.3 nm. The synthesized AgNPs was characterized as UV-vis spectrum and obtain a peak at 438 nm. The phytochemical study result shows that the secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannin, flavonoids, phytosterol, and glycosides may be responsible for reducing as well as capping silver ions into AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies of the particles revealed a dominance of spherical particle AgNPs. The face centered cubic structure of the AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 111°, 200°, 220°, and 311°; SAED patterns confirms the plane of silver nanoparticle planes with clear circular spots on the selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Elemental analysis was done by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). In addition, this study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the biosynthesized AgNPs that were found to be significant.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles performing as biogenic SERS-nanotags for investigation of C26 colon carcinoma cells

In this work, two classes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized with the goal to assess their reliability in vitro as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags. Mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles (MAgNPs) and phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles (PAgNPs) were produced through environmentally friendly procedures by reduction of silver nitrate with Fusarium oxysporum cell filtrate and Azadirachta indica extract, respectively. Two cell lines, namely C26 murine colon carcinoma cells as example of cancer cells and human immortalized keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) as representative of healthy cell line, were selected for in vitro investigation. The in vitro toxicity studies show that M(P)AgNPs present lower cytotoxic effect on both cell lines as compared with standard citrate coated AgNPs. The internalization of M(P)AgNPs by colon carcinoma cells and structural alterations induced in the morphology of treated cells were analyzed by dark-field (DF) and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, respectively. The most informative data about the cellular uptake and tracking potential of M(P)AgNPs were provided by scanning Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM) and multivariate K-means cluster analysis of collected Raman spectra. The analysis reveals the subcellular components and the localization of AgNPs inside the cell via the intrinsic SERS signature of biogenic coating material. The use of unique biological material to perform synthesis, stability, biocompatibility and SERS tagging is relevant both from the point of view of encoding nanoparticles with Raman reporters and further applications in cell investigation via Raman/SERS imaging.

Evaluation of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles by the Bioreduction Method

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using biological methods is an expanding research area due to the potential applications in nanomedicines. In the present study silver nanoparticles synthesize rapidly by using the methanol extract of leave of Zosimia absinthifolia. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were observed and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The TEM study showed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the 5.2–74.4 nm range and average 8.8 nm in size. SEM showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with a mean size of 46.3 nm. The XRD study showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face centered cubic structure. The leaves of Zosimia absinthifolia were found to display strong potential for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles as agents by rapid reduction of silver ions (Ag+ to Ag°). The approach of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Z. absinthifolia appears to be a cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and easy alternative to conventional methods of synthesis.

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities

Use of nanotechnology in biological systems by the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a burning area of research in recent times. In the present investigation, aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata was used to produce silver nanoparticles by reduction of silver nitrate. It was noted that the synthesizing process was quite rapid and silver nanoparticles form within minutes of silver ions coming in contact with plant extract. UV-Vis spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver ions indicated a peak at 432 nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of the silver nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the silver nanoparticles showed the presence of proteins that might be acting as capping agents around the nanoparticles. From scanning electron microscopy analysis, the size of the silver nanoparticles was measured and it was found that the average size was between 40 and 60 nm. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited effective inhibition zones against seven bacterial strains tested. Among the bacteria tested Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be most susceptible to the silver nanoparticles. Phytochemical screening of the plant extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids.

English

Nano-biotechnology is an undoubtedly future generation technology which offers potential applications in multidisciplinary areas of science and technology. In the present day’s production, stabilization and utilization of nanoparticles is the eliminatory division in modern science receiving immense attention of scientists engaged in different fields of research. A number of metal nanoparticles have been engineered so far; however among these, silver nanoparticles gain more attention because of their unique applications in distinctive fields of biology. This review presents an overview on phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles; role of phytochemical constituents in reduction of silver nanoparticles, factors responsible for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their crucial role in control of size and shape etc. The biological applications of phyto-synthesized silver nanoparticles are given in brief which will direct a path for further biological studies in future to make the study more useful for human welfare and benefits.   Key words: Phytosynthesis, silver nanoparticles, phytochemicals, biological activities.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from stem bark of Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston: an important medicinal plant and evaluation of their antimicrobial efficacy

The use of different parts of plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a green technology as it does not involve any harmful chemicals. Herein, we report on rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) from aqueous stem bark extract of Cochlospermum religiosum a medicinal plant. The reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The UV–Visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at around 445 nm, XRD showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face-centered cubic structure and the SEM images showed that the spherical-shaped silver nanoparticles were observed and the size range was found to be 20–35 nm. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis revealed that carbohydrate, polyphenols, and protein molecules were involved in the synthesis and capping of silver nanoparticles. These phytosynthesized SNPs were tested for their antimicrobial activity and it analyzed by measuring the inhibitory zone. Cochlospermum religiosum aqueous stem bark extract of SNPs showed highest toxicity to Staphylococcus followed by Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli and Bacillus and lowest toxicity towards Proteus. Whereas in fungal species highest inhibition zone against Aspergillus flavus followed by Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Curvularia, and minimum inhibition zone was observed against Aspergillus niger species. The outcome of this study could be useful for the development of value added products from indigenous medicinal plants of India for nanotechnology-based biomedical applications.