Phytochemical Characterization Research Articles

Tinjauan literatur terbaru pada terapi herbal untuk pengobatan Alepocia

Baldness or Alopecia is a disease that occurs as a result of excessive and sustainable hair loss. The use of natural ingredients for the treatment of baldness has lower side effects than synthetic drugs. This article provides information about natural ingredients that can be used for the treatment of Alepocia. This article is a review article and written by systematic literature review with the main database was used is Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Based on the research results, there are 26 original article and there are 10 plants that consist of candlenut, clove, meniran, cinnamon, pumpkin, shallot, licorice, paku gajah, starfruit, and sansevieria have activity in inhibit the progression of Alepocia and stimulate hair growth with different phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics that provide effectiveness on hair growth both in vitro and in vivo. Candlenut, clove, meniran, cinnamon, pumpkin, shallot, licorice, paku gajah, starfruit, and sansevieria can be used as a nutraceutical for the treatment of Alepocia.

Phytochemical characterisation and aromatic potential for brewing of wild hops (Humulus lupulus L.) from Northern France: Towards a lead for local hop varieties

In the current context of developing aromatic beers, our study aims at deciphering the chemical characterisation of cones from 39 wild hop genotypes collected in the North of France and replanted in an experimental hop farm, as well as 10 commercial and 3 heirloom varieties, using HS-SPME/GC–MS for the volatile compounds, UHPLC-UV for phenolic compound quantification, and UHPLC-IMS-HRMS for untargeted metabolomics. These analyses revealed a strong opposition between wild accessions and reference varieties, and an original chemical composition of some genotypes. 27 beers were produced with the same recipe, analysed by SBSE-GC–MS and evaluated by panellists. The unique difference relates to the hops to be assessed in order to determine their sensory profile. The different datasets were compared by OPLS-DA analysis in order to identify chemical markers which may influence the hop aromatic potential. Our results highlight the aromatic potential of some wild accessions, close to the commercial variety Cascade.

Preparation of medicinally active extracts and phytochemical characterisation of phytoconstituents from medicinal plants

Medicinal plants contain many bioactive compounds that are often hosted in medicinally active extracts generated from their various parts. The quest for reliable products from medicinal plants escalated in recent years as an answer to emerging health complications and the much-needed sufficient scientific backing that is dependent on proper preparation and characterisation principles of active extracts. This study described the Soxhlet and the maceration methods that are used to process extracts from the inert materials of medicinal plants using appropriate biocompatible solvents, the phytochemical screening assays, and TLC, UV spectrometry, FT-IR, and GC-MS techniques used in phytochemical studies. These techniques are crucial in studies that are meant to explore the active components of medicinal plants and their relative pharmacological effects. This information can be used as a guide when formulating effective yet less toxic plant-derived drugs and provide opportunities to upgrade while reducing further complexity in phytochemical studies.

Phytochemical characterization of five commercial Vitis vinifera cultivars in response to salinity

Phytochemical characterization of five commercial Vitis vinifera cultivars in response to salinity

Studies on Sensory and Phytochemical Characteristics of Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Varieties for Their Oil Utilisation.

Poppy is a significant pharmaceutical crop, but the seeds and the cold-pressed oil have a big potential as healthy foods. Breeding has mainly focused on agronomical characteristics and alkaloid content. Here, we compared the sensory values, fatty acid and headspace volatile composition of poppy oils and flours produced from different varieties. Two industrial and four culinary varieties were cultivated in our field in 2021-2022. The sensory test differentiated well among varieties. Typical poppy odour and flavour were stronger both in the oils and the flours of the blue-seed varieties compared to the white-seed ones. For most varieties, the harvest year caused no relevant differences. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were the main components both in oils and flours. Larger differences were detected in the volatiles (e.g., 2 and 3 methyl-butanal and 3 methyl-butanol γ-n-caprolactone, pentofuran), depending on genotype and year. A higher ratio of saturated fatty acids negatively influenced the flavour and odour characteristics. In the headspace volatiles, these features correlated negatively with 2-pentylfuran and hexanal. The oil content of poppy flour has a positive effect on colour, appearance, tactility and poppy flavour. Our results support a goal-oriented use of poppy genotypes for high-quality dietary products.

Cistus albidus L.-Review of a Traditional Mediterranean Medicinal Plant with Pharmacological Potential.

Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used therapeutically since ancient times in the Mediterranean basin for its important pharmacological properties. The ability of C. albidus to produce large quantities of a wide range of natural metabolites makes it an attractive source of raw material. The main constituents with bioactive functions that exert pharmacological effects are terpenes and polyphenols, with more than 200 identified compounds. The purpose of this review is to offer a detailed account of the botanical, ethnological, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of C. albidus with the aim of encouraging additional pharmaceutical investigations into the potential therapeutic benefits of this medicinal plant. This review was carried out using organized searches of the available literature up to July 2023. A detailed analysis of C. albidus confirms its traditional use as a medicinal plant. The outcome of several studies suggests a deeper involvement of certain polyphenols and terpenes in multiple mechanisms such as inflammation and pain, with a potential application focus on neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Other diseases such as prostate cancer and leukemia have already been researched with promising results for this plant, for which no intoxication has been reported in humans.

Taxonomic Revision and Clinical Importance of Phlomoides Genus: A Comprehensive Review

Phlomoides (L.) Moench belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It has recently undergone significant changes in taxonomy, with many species from Eremostachys and Phlomis added to the genus. The aforementioned species were studied in terms of morphological and phytochemical systematics. Species of Phlomoides are distinguished from Phlomis by their densely bearded upper corolla lip and nutlet. However, Eremostachys and Phlomoides have a lot in common morphologically. Plant chemosystematics present iridoids, phenylethanoids, and furanolabdanes as dominant constituents of Phlomoides species. Long-term traditional uses, such as bone fracture therapy, local analgesic, and wound healing actions, pique researchers' interest in these plants. The species and their secondary metabolites have been implicated in drug discovery by their anti-inflammatory and bone-development properties in vitro, in vivo, and clinically. A review of the taxonomic status based on phytochemical and morphological characteristics, as well as the clinical importance of the Phlomoides genus, is presented in the current study to provide a basis for further investigations.

Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Corchorus olitorius L. on the Lipid Parameters of Rats Subjected to a Hyperlipidic Diet

Background: Advances in physiological data, clinical research and medico-economic findings have led to considering obesity as a pathogenic situation, even a real disease. Measures should be taken to stop the spread of this pathology associated with abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism. Thus, a plant species was tested to assess its effect on lipid parameters.
 Method: the aqueous extract of the plant Corchorus olitorius L. was tested on female rats subjected to a hyperlipidic diet and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. In addition, a phytochemical characterization was carried out.
 Results: The high fat diet led to overeating and weight gain. The aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius L. contains bioactive molecules, which favored the reduction of plasma and tissue levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and an increase in HDL levels in rats subjected to a hyperlipidic diet.
 Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius L. has beneficial effects on lipid disorders.

Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Carapa procera on Rats Submitted to a High-calorie Diet

Introduction: Remains today a metabolic disease that is gaining ground. It is linked to some health complications that lead to disastrous consequences in terms of loss of human life. It is necessary to take measures to stem this pathology. So, a plant species has been tested for its effect on hyperglycemia indicator of diabetes.
 Aim: Evaluate the anthyperglycemia effect of the aqueous extract of carapa procera bark.
 Methodology: The aqueous extract of the bark of Carapa procera was tested on rats subjected to a high-calorie diet and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. In addition, a phytochemical characterization was carried out.
 Results: The high-calorie diet caused an increase in weight as well as an increase of glycemia. The aqueous extract of Carapa procera stabilized the glycemia.
 Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Carapa procera has an antihyperglycemic activity.

Phytochemical and functional characterization of cultivated varieties of Morus alba L. fruits grown in Italy

Morus alba L. fruits are considered functional foods with an important nutritional value for their high content of polyphenols. Therefore, the type and level of phytochemicals of the soroses from 13 M. alba cultivars grown in Italy were characterized due to the lack of data available about their nutraceutical properties. Mature M. alba fruits exhibited variable polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanins, and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents which resulted in different antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Regression models built on UHPLC-HRMS results revealed a strong correlation between the expression of quercetin derivatives, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, caffeoyl methyl quinates, and 5,5′-dehydrodivanillic acid, and the biological activity of each fruit. On another note, principal component analysis revealed that the quantity of caffeoyl/dicaffeoyl methyl quinate, caffeoylquinic acids, and quercetin derivatives decreased during ripening. The results on the compositional and functional characterization of mature M. alba fruits might improve their consumption and economic value in Italy.

Biochemometry identifies ostruthin as pluripotent antimicrobial and anthelmintic agent from masterwort

The root extract of Peucedanum ostruthium (PO-E) was identified as a promising antibacterial source from a screening of 158 extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. It has also recently been shown to significantly decrease the survival of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We used the biochemometric approach ELINA to investigate the phytochemical characteristics of the multicomponent mixture PO-E to identify the anti-infective constituent(s) targeting S.aureus and C.elegans.1H NMR spectra of PO-E-derived microfractions were correlated with their respective bioactivity data. Heterocovariance analyses unambiguously identified ostruthin as an anti-staphylococcal constituent, which potently also inhibited Enterococcus spp.. ELINA demonstrated that anthelmintic activity was due to a combinatorial effect of ostruthin and isoimperatorin. A C.elegans-based survival and motility assay confirmed that isoimperatorin, imperatorin, and verapamil modulated the susceptibility of ostruthin. The combinatorial effect of these natural products was shown in larvae studies to be related to the function of the nematodes' efflux pump.

Unveiling the Biomedical Potential of Hypnea valentiae: Isolation and Characterization of Phytochemicals with Anticancer Activity

Biologically active chemicals with anticancer properties have been discovered in marine Rhodophyceae seaweed Hypnea valentiae, coastal red algae species, was obtained from the coasts of Porbandar and Kuchhdi, Gujarat, India. In this present study, marine red algae Hypnea valentiae extract is used for the analysis of physicochemical, phytochemical Chromosomal Aberrations and MTT anti-cancer activity. Despite tremendous advancements in medicine, infectious diseases continue to pose a significant threat to public health. Various synthetic medications have developed resistance to infectious diseases in recent years. As a result, medicinal plants contain a variety of phytochemicals that can be used to treat a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases. The Proanthocyanidin content of Hypnea valentiae (0.11mg/g) and physicochemical parameter like of moisture in the seaweed was 88.98 %, the amount of ash was 16.95 % and Carbonated ash accounted for 26.67%. The physicochemical parameters like different ash values and moisture content are plant-specific and they help to ensure the purity of the drug and also prevent adulteration. MTT assay against HeLa cell line human cervical cancer was used to estimate cell viability and outcomes showed excellent results against HeLa cell lines Human cervical cancer cell lines. In our experiment on Chromosomal Aberrations Seaweed H. valentinea cannot damage normal chromosomes and cannot affect any part of chromosomes or chromatin. Based on these results, it is concluded that the marine macro seaweed extracts from the Gujarat coast have cytotoxic against cancer cells and have potential, which could be considered for identifying novel natural drugs and future applications in medicine from the marine resources.

Phytochemical characterization and antifungal potential of leaf extracts of Mosiera bullata

The investigation of natural alternatives to conventional fungicides is of imminent need. Mosiera bullata (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse is a Cuban endemic plant species belonging to the Myrtaceae family. The objective of the present study was to perform a bioassay-guided fractionation to explore the potential of extracts and fractions from M. bullata leaves against a panel of fungal plant pathogens. The M. bullata total extract was confirmed to have good antifungal activity against R. oryzae (IC50 = 4.86 µg/mL) and moderate activity against F. oxysporum (IC50 = 352.40 µg/mL) and F. solani (IC50 = 427.38 µg/mL) and fungicidal effect against R. oryzae. Five compounds belonging to the class of phloroglucinol dimers were tentatively characterized by UHPLC-HRMS and reported for the first time in M. bullata and the genus Mosiera. These results suggest the potential of M. bullata total extract as a natural antifungal product for the control of diseases in agriculture.

Leaf morphology, optical characteristics and phytochemical traits of butterhead lettuce affected by increasing the far-red photon flux.

Light and its spectral characteristics are crucial for plant growth and development. The far-red photon flux mediates many plant processes through the action of phytochrome and also accelerates the photosynthetic electron transfer rate. In this study, we assessed the effects of far-red addition on butterhead lettuce morphology, light use efficiency, optical properties, and phytochemical characteristics. Three-week-old lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Alyssa) were grown for up to 28 days under a 10% blue and 90% red light spectrum (200 µmol m-2 s-1, 16h photoperiod) to which five different intensities of far-red light (peak at 735 nm) were added (0-9-18-36-72 µmol m-2 s-1). White light-emitting diodes were included as a proxy for sunlight. Increasing supplemental far-red photon flux from zero to 21% increased the light use efficiency (g per mol) by 37% on day 14; 43% on day 21; and 39% on day 28. Measurements of projected head area suggest that this was associated with an increase in leaf expansion and photon capture and not necessarily a direct effect on photosynthesis. Moreover, vegetation indices based on leaf reflectance showed a decrease in chlorophyll-related indices under a high far-red photon flux. This decrease in pigment content was confirmed by chemical analyses, suggesting that the plants may not reach their full potential in terms of photon capture, limiting the overall photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, the stress-related Carter 1 index increased in plants grown under a high far-red photon flux, indicating early plant stress. Far-red tended to decrease the content of total phenolics and increase soluble sugars. The higher sugar levels can be attributed to an improved photochemical efficiency due to photosystem I excitation by far-red wavelengths, also known as the Emerson Enhancement effect. Despite these higher sugar levels, no effect on foliar nitrate content was observed. Our results show that far-red supplementation has the potential to enhance light interception at the early growth stages, although higher intensities of far-red may cause plant stress.

Phytochemical Characterization and Screening of the Anti-Pneumonia (Anti-COVID-19, Anti-Fungal, and Anti-Bacterial) Activities of Cuscuta Campestris Extract

Introduction: Although several vaccines are being approved, no effective antiviral has been developed for Covid-19 infectious. The present investigation was aimed to increase the essential oils of Cuscuta campestris using far-red light treatment and examine the potential of crude extracts of C. campestris against selected pneumonia pathogens and covid-19. Methods: Anti-Covid-19 activity was determined in human lung cell lines and Covid-19 positive patients. Results: Results demonstrated that the aqueous extract had the highest amount of anti-Covid-19, antibiotic and antioxidant activity. The far-red light treatment increased Scoparone, cineole, Benzofuran, 2, 3-dihydro, Cinnamic acid, and Benzo[h]quinoline, 2, 4-dimethyl, which are mainly effective components against Covid-19 inflammation and pneumonia microbes. CT scan and clinical laboratory tests in a clinical case study, a 30-year-old woman who presented with severe 2019-nCoV, demonstrated that inhalation of 30 mg extract nebulized/day for seven days resulted in an improvement in consolidation and ground-glass opacity in lungs on the seventh day of treatment. Conclusion: It is hoped that this study would be led to the introduction of some compounds that could be used to formulate new and more potent anti-Covid-19 antibiotics, or other drugs of natural origin in medicine.

Improvement of the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves and fruits using foliar applications of calcium chloride, zinc sulfate and boric acid

Improvement of the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves and fruits using foliar applications of calcium chloride, zinc sulfate and boric acid

Biological Activities of Ceratonia siliqua Pod and Seed Extracts: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cretan Cultivars.

Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly known as the carob tree, appears in most Mediterranean countries, often cultivated for the collection of its fruits to be used as food for humans and animals. This study was aimed at the phytochemical characterization of two common Cretan C. siliqua cultivars and the biological evaluation of deseeded pod and seed extracts regarding their putative use in cosmetics. Gas and liquid chromatographic techniques were used to assess their essential oil, fatty acid, and carbohydrate profiles. Cell-free assays, including free-radical scavenging; the inhibition of tyrosinase and collagenase; the blocking of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation; along with assays in human skin fibroblast cultures, i.e., reactive oxygen species suppression, glutathione stimulation, and protection from oxidative stress and from ultraviolet (UVB) radiation, were also used. Extracts from both cultivars were found to possess antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase- and collagenase-inhibitory activities, an ability to block glucose-induced AGEs, and in certain cases, UVB absorbance and photoprotective activities. Seed extracts were in general more active, while the use of 30% aqueous methanol seemed to be more efficient than n-hexane for extraction. Serial partition of the most active extracts resulted in fractions with enriched biological activities. These properties make Cretan carob extracts and their fractions suitable candidates for use in cosmetics.

Alternations in Physiological and Phytochemical Parameters of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Varieties in Response to Amino Acid Fertilizer and Plasma Activated-Water Treatments

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is an emerging and promising green technology in agriculture in recent years. This study aimed to examine the influence of the spraying of PAW and amino acid fertilizer concentrations on German chamomile varieties’ physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics under field conditions. Method: The experiment was performed during 2020–2021 as a factorial using a randomized complete block design with three replications in an arid and semi-arid region east of the Persian Gulf. The factors contained five fertilizer levels (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 mL L−1 amino acid and PAW) and three German chamomile cultivars Bona, Bodegold, and Lianka). Physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical traits such as plant height, fresh and dried flower weight, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, CHN elements: N ratio, total protein, amino acid profile, essential oil yield, apigenin content, and major secondary metabolites were examined. Results: The ANOVA indicated that the impact of the cultivar and fertilizer was significant on all physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical studied parameters. The amino acid fertilizer and PAW enhanced physiological features, hydrogen, C: N ratio, essential oil yield, apigenin content, and main phytochemical compositions like chamazulene, and α-bisabolol, but it had no incremental effect on the carbon, nitrogen, and total protein percentage. Conclusion: Findings revealed that applying foliar amino acid fertilizer and PAW treatments improves physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical parameters in German chamomile cultivars under field conditions.

Caenorhabditis elegans as an In Vivo Model for the Discovery and Development of Natural Plant-Based Antimicrobial Compounds.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the identification of new antimicrobial agents with innovative mechanisms of action is urgently required. Medicinal plants that have been utilised for centuries with minor side effects may hold great promise as sources of effective antimicrobial products. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an excellent live infection model for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial compounds. However, while C. elegans has widely been utilised to explore the effectiveness and toxicity of synthetic antibiotics, it has not been used to a comparable extent for the analysis of natural products. By screening the PubMed database, we identified articles reporting the use of the C. elegans model for the identification of natural products endowed with antibacterial and antifungal potential, and we critically analysed their results. The studies discussed here provide important information regarding "in vivo" antimicrobial effectiveness and toxicity of natural products, as evaluated prior to testing in conventional vertebrate models, thereby supporting the relevance of C. elegans as a highly proficient model for their identification and functional assessment. However, their critical evaluation also underlines that the characterisation of active phytochemicals and of their chemical structure, and the unravelling of their mechanisms of action represent decisive challenges for future research in this area.

Phytochemical and antibacterial analysis of Pistacia integerrima: An integrated in vitro and in silico approach

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern due to the ability of bacteria to continuously develop various mechanisms of resistance against diverse antimicrobial classes; therefore, there is a critical prerequisite to discover diverse antibiotics with novel chemical structures and unique mechanisms of action. The research work aimed to investigate the detailed antibacterial activity and phytochemical characterization of the methanolic extract of Pistacia integerrima galls. Antibacterial properties were analyzed through the well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined through the broth dilution method. MIC of Pistacia integerrima extract (PIE) was found to be 10 mg/mL against both E. coli and S. aureus. Biofilm inhibition was determined by the crystal violet method where PIE demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilms. In the presence of PIE, TEM demonstrated morphological changes in both strains. A total of 17 metabolites were identified through GC-MS analysis with most of the compounds exhibiting antibacterial properties, HPTLC shows the presence of the important metabolite quercetin. Furthermore, virtual ligand screening revealed quercetin and phthalic acid as the most medicinally active constituents and potential inhibitors of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Further research into PIE's bioactive compounds could lead to the development of new antibacterial compounds.