Effects Of Physiological Changes Research Articles

Impact of Antiphospholipid Syndrome on Reproductive Outcomes: Current Insights and Management Approaches.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies, thrombosis, and obstetric complications. While patients with APS can have successful pregnancies, many important considerations exist. APS can also cooccur with other systemic autoimmune diseases which can affect pregnancy, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus. This article reviews specific considerations for pregnancy and reproductive health in patients with APS. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, stable or quiescent disease and planning with a rheumatologist and obstetrician prior to conception are vital components of a successful pregnancy. Pregnancy management for patients with aPL antibodies or diagnosis of APS with aspirin and/or anticoagulation depending on disease profile is discussed, as well as the effects of physiologic changes during pregnancy in maternal and fetal outcomes for this population. Given the reproductive span lasts beyond conception through delivery, we include discussions on safe contraception options, the use of assistive reproductive technology, pregnancy termination, menopause, and male fertility. While APS is a relatively rare condition, the effects this disease can have on maternal and fetal outcomes even with available therapies demonstrates the need for more high-quality, evidence-based research.

Dirk Pette, remembered for his pioneering muscle research.

It is with great sadness that we learned of the passing of Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Dirk Pette. He passed away suddenly and unexpectedly on June 4, 2022. Dirk was an outstanding professor of biochemistry at the University of Konstanz, Germany and an internationally renowned researcher in the field of skeletal muscle biology. His research on electrical stimulation has had a profound impact on our understanding of myofiber type specification and the enormous adaptive potential of skeletal muscle. Under Dirk's leadership, new biological questions in the field of neuromuscular biology have developed into multidisciplinary approaches using advanced physiological, cell biological, and biochemical techniques. Dirk's research laboratory was frequently visited by a large number of national and international collaborators who familiarized themselves with the technically demanding stimulation protocols and bioanalytical techniques to study the intricate details of the highly complex process of fast-to-slow muscle transitions. Importantly, fundamental studies on the physiological effects of changes in innervation patterns on muscle phenotype have provided the scientific evidence base for a variety of innovative clinical applications. The skeletal muscle research community has lost one of its leading figures and an outstanding teacher of protein biochemistry. He leaves an inspiring legacy in the field of basic and applied myology. Dirk will be missed by his colleagues and by many students of neuromuscular biology and beyond.

ARTICULAR SYNDROME IN THE ELDERLY: COMMON DIFFERENTIALS AND CHALLENGES

Articular syndrome includes a spectrum of inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint involvement ranging from arthralgia to arthritis. Its phenotype, differentials and management differ slightly in the elderly, considering the added effect of physiological changes with ageing, comorbidity and multimorbidity. This review aims to provide an overview of the common differentials of articular syndrome in the elderly, including the inflammatory and degenerative causes. The common inflammatory arthritis in the elderly includes late-onset rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, paraneoplastic arthritis, crystal arthropathies, and systemic vasculitis, including ANCA-associated vasculitis, to name a few. The non-inflammatory articular syndromes in this age group predominantly include osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. There are also evident alterations in the gut microbiome associated with inflammatory arthritis and with physiological ageing and osteoarthritis, which have possible mechanistic significance. The management aspect in the geriatric population comes with challenges of addressing multimorbidity, polypharmacy, drug interactions, and not just disease activity. An integrated approach with effective physical therapy, and vocational activities, tailored to each patient is essential for optimal management.

Effects Of Physiological Changes From Using Compression Lower Body Garment During Running Performance

Effects Of Physiological Changes From Using Compression Lower Body Garment During Running Performance

Influence of anaerobic fermentation and yeast inoculation on the viability, chemical composition, and quality of coffee

Microbial metabolites produced during fermentation migrate into the coffee and can influence the decrease in seed viability and coffee quality. This study evaluated the effects of physiological changes in seed viability on the sensory quality of the beverage using starter cultures through self-induced anaerobic fermentation (SIAF) in Coffea arabica L. for natural and pulped coffee. The yeasts were monitored by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected citric, malic, and succinic acids in all fermented coffees. Furthermore, lactic acid was mainly identified in those coffees processed by the SIAF method. Volatile compounds (40) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Alterations in physiological quality were identified, with decreased embryonic viability and cell membrane damage by tetrazolium and electrical conductivity tests. All fermented coffees obtained scores above 80 points. The Torulospora delbrueckii yeast got the best score (86.50) in pulped coffee, and the Candida parapsilosis yeast received the highest score (85.90) in the natural coffee using the SIAF method. The coffees were characterized by aromas and flavors of citrus, caramel, honey, chocolate, and chestnut. The coffee fermentation process with yeast inoculation affected the coffee bean viability but not the beverage's sensory quality, indicating that the use of yeast starters by SIAF favors the production of specialty coffees with differentiated sensory characteristics.

Koagulopathien in der Schwangerschaft

During pregnancy and the postpartum period, the mother-to-be is faced with several challenges concerning the hemostatic system. Physiological changes in hemostasis—which generally lead to a hypercoagulable state—protect the pregnant woman against severe bleeding during delivery on the one hand, but, on the other, significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Preexisting, hereditary or acquired coagulopathies (thrombophilia and hemophilia) can additionally increase the risk of potentially life-threatening hemostasis complications, specifically in the peripartum period, and therefore require a timely and specific diagnosis. The following article reviews the significance of hemostasis testing during pregnancy, addresses the indications and applications of different laboratory hemostasis assays and discusses the effects of physiological changes during pregnancy on the test results and their interpretation.

Development and evaluation of a numerical spine model comprising intra-abdominal pressure for use in assessing physiological changes on abdominal compliance and spinal stability

BackgroundAbdominal compliance is the “measure of ease of abdominal expansion” and determines whether a patient can withstand high intra-abdominal pressures. Thus, high compliance indicates that the abdomen can expand relatively freely, while low compliance restricts abdominal expansion. The global objective of the present work is to evaluate the effect of physiological changes on abdominal compliance using a comprehensive spine finite element model inclusive of intra-abdominal pressure. MethodsThe effect of changing Young's modulus, abdominal wall thickness, and abdominal radii on abdominal compliance were evaluated. Intra-abdominal pressure and thoracolumbar fascia forces were also evaluated to assess abdominal physiological changes effects on overall static spinal stability. FindingsResults showed that as wall thickness increased, compliance decreased. Similar findings were made with an increase in abdominal radius and Young's modulus. Furthermore, the active reduction in compliance, caused by increased elasticity and abdominal radius, resulted in an increase in spinal supportive forces originating from the thoracolumbar fascia and intra-abdominal pressurization, along with an increase in spine displacement from its original stable position. There was no clear stability trend for the case of changing abdominal wall thickness as fluctuations were present. InterpretationInvestigated mechanics and data trends suggested that dangerously low compliance levels might result from poor abdominal elasticity and thickening fat layers. This led to a direct discussion and recommendations for obesity conditions and laparoscopy applications. Lastly, static spinal stability showed to improve through increasing active abdominal compliance by means of actively engaging abdominal pressure, hence augmenting abdominal active elasticity.

The Effect of Menstrual Cycle Physiological Changes on Physical Fitness Patterns in Middle School Students Aged 12-14 Years

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the physiological changes associated with the menstrual cycle on some aspects of physical fitness, specifically speed, agility, and flexibility, among middle school students in Beirut aged 12 to 14 years old. To accomplish this, the study was conducted on a sample of 21 female students who were in good health and had a regular monthly cycle, and the descriptive approach was used to suit the nature of the study. Time and speed during the slalom and 30-meter sprint tests, as well as distance achieved during the trunk flexion test, were measured before and after menstruation. The study's findings revealed statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in all variables: time, speed, and distance. This demonstrates the effect of the menstrual cycle on the elements of physical fitness, which is the focus of our research. The researchers recommended that physical education programs for girls be aligned with menstrual cycle requirements, taking into account the importance and necessity of exercising and not stopping during this time.

Characterizing the Aging Process of the Human Eye: Tear Evaporation, Fluid Dynamics, Blood Flow, and Metabolism-Based Comparative Study.

Eye temperature and intraocular pressure are two measurable parameters that can be monitored as a health index with aging. Deviations from the normal range of intraocular pressure and temperature lead to the formation of many diseases. This study has been carried out to evaluate the relations between the physiological and anatomical changes of the eye with aging using mathematical modeling. 2D computer-aided design of the human eye has been developed for two major groups: 21 to 30 years and 41 to 50 years. The computer simulation has been carried out to determine the effects of physiological changes of tear evaporation, fluid dynamics, blood flow, and metabolism of eye tissues with aging. The simulation has been carried out in the standing and the supine position of a human body. The rate of temperature change is – 0.0075 K per year in the standing position and – 0.007 K per year in the supine position because of the modeled anatomical and physiological effects. All the three simulation parameters of this study, the temperature of the human eye, the intraocular pressure, and the aqueous humor flow velocity, have been compared with the recent practical and simulation-based experiments to validate our results.

Physiological changes in pregnancy and their influence on the endocrine investigation.

Physiological changes in pregnancy may result in significant alterations in endocrine hormone profiles, serum and urine electrolytesand endocrine gland morphology on imaging. Pregnancy-specific pathophysiological processes may also affect the results for endocrine tests. Investigation of endocrine disorders in pregnancy requires knowledge of these changes and awareness of the safety of dynamic hormone testing and imaging for the mother and foetus. This review seeks to outline the important physiological changes in pregnancy affecting reference intervals of basal and dynamic endocrine tests in pregnancy and the scenarios in which these changes are clinically significant, the pregnancy-specific disorders that may affect the investigation of endocrine disorders, and the safety of dynamic testing and imaging. Awareness of the effect of physiological changes, and the potential impact of pregnancy-specific disorders of endocrine tests, and the safety of imaging is crucial to the management of endocrine disorders in pregnancy.

The Effect of Physiological Changes In Pregnant Women's Education on Anxiety Levels

Health education regarding pregnant women's anxiety will provide more understanding to pregnant women as well as prevent stress. The phenomenon of the problem at Bonto Bangun Puskesmas is that health education is carried out in the class of pregnant women, but not all pregnant women participate in the program. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of physiological change education in pregnant women on the anxiety level of pregnant women at Bonto Bangun Community Health Center. This study used a pre-experimental design by means of a One-shot case study. The number of samples is 5 people, sampling technique with purposive sampling. The research was conducted at the Bontobangun Community Health Center in August 2020. The results showed that the level of anxiety of pregnant women before education was the highest moderate anxiety compared to no anxiety, mild and severe anxiety. Meanwhile, the level of anxiety of pregnant women after being given education decreased, namely mild anxiety was higher than moderate anxiety and there was no anxiety. After testing the analysis using SPSS, namely the marginal homogeneity test, the p-value was 0.000 <α value of 0.05. This means that there is a significant correlation between the two variables. Conclusions and suggestions: There is an effect of physiological change education of pregnant women on the level of anxiety of pregnant women at Bontobangun Community Health Center. It is hoped that education on physiological changes will become a reference for pregnant women classes or other programs.

Teicoplanin physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling offers a quantitative assessment of a theoretical influence of serum albumin and renal function on its disposition

Variability in teicoplanin pharmacokinetics has been explained by multiple factors such as body weight, renal function, and serum albumin level. To improve mechanistic understanding of the causes of variability, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model can be used as a systematic platform. In this study, a PBPK model of teicoplanin was developed to quantitatively assess the effects of physiological changes due to disease status using virtual populations. Predictive performance of the models was evaluated by comparing simulated and observed concentration-time profiles of teicoplanin. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify potential factors contributing to individual differences in teicoplanin PK. The developed PBPK model generated concentration-time profiles that were comparable to clinical observations in healthy adults, including Caucasians and Japanese, and after single-dose and multiple-dose administration. The predicted PK parameters (i.e., Cmax, AUC, clearance) were within a two-fold range of the observed data in patients with renal impairments as well as healthy adults. Changes in total and unbound teicoplanin concentrations at 72 h, after various dosing regimens (tested 4-14 mg/kg q12h for three doses as a loading dose and then 4-14 mg/kg daily as a maintenance dose), were sensitive to renal function and serum albumin concentrations. The PBPK model of teicoplanin provides mechanistic insight into the factors altering its disposition and allows assessments of the theoretical and quantitative impact of individual changes in physiological parameters on its PK even when an actual assessment with adequate sample sizes of patients is challenging.

DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF METRONIDAZOLE TABLET IN DIVERSE FATTY MEDIUMS

The aim of the study was to confirm the interaction of food with metronidazole 400 mg tablet with diverse dissolution medium like milk, oil and gastric fluid to observe the effects of physiological changes in terms of absorbance.

Effects of physiological changes and social life events on adrenal glucocorticoid activity in female zoo-housed Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

Ensuring good health and welfare is an increasingly important consideration for conservation of endangered species and includes breeding of individuals managed under human care. Understanding how factors in the captive environment affect individual animal wellbeing can be aided by long-term monitoring of biological functioning. This study involved longitudinal assessments (4 to 28 years) of reproductive and adrenal hormones in zoo-housed female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) (age range 4 to ~71 years) to elucidate patterns in adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) activity in association with reproductive and demographic factors, and examine individual response to major social changes. Concentrations of serum and urinary cortisol covaried more consistently with physiological changes (ovarian cycle phase, puberty, pregnancy, lactational anestrus, and age) than with social life events (births, deaths, and facility transfers). Cortisol fluctuated across the ovarian cycle with mean concentrations being higher in the follicular than in the luteal phase, and concentrations were highest in lactational anestrous compared to all other reproductive states. The elephants in this study exhibited substantial individuality in adrenal GC response to major social change, reinforcing the need to assess welfare on an individual basis and to consider factors influencing the impact of perceived stressors, such as social relationships, social support, temperament, and life history. Outcomes from this study deepen our understanding of Asian elephant physiology and highlight the importance of taking intrinsic patterns of hormone secretion into account when evaluating the impact of external factors. Finally, a better understanding of the impact of social change and resiliency in response to real and perceived stressors allows us to improve social management to enhance welfare in both captive settings and free-ranging environments.

Investigating the Effect of Aging on the Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Delivery of Nanomaterials using Mathematical Modeling.

The application of nanomedicine for diagnosis and treatment of cancer has immense potential, but has witnessed only limited clinical success, in part due to insufficient understanding of the role of nanomaterial properties and physiological variables in governing nanoparticle (NP) pharmacology. Here, we present a multiscale mathematical model to examine the effects of physiological changes associated with patient age on the pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery efficiency of NPs. We show that physiological changes due to aging prolong the residence of NPs in the systemic circulation, thereby improving passive accumulation of NPs in tumors.Clinical Relevance - Understanding the effect of inter-individual variability on the pharmacological behavior of nanomaterials will improve their clinical translatability.

Novel Insights Into Effects of Cortisol and Glucagon on Nocturnal Glucose Production in Type 2 Diabetes.

The effect of physiological changes in night-time cortisol and glucagon on endogenous glucose production (EGP) and nocturnal glycemia are unknown. To determine the effects of changes in cortisol and glucagon on EGP during the night. Two overnight protocols were conducted. In Protocol 1, endogenous cortisol was blocked with metyrapone and hydrocortisone infused either at constant (constant) or increasing (variable) rates to mimic basal or physiological nocturnal cortisol concentrations. In Protocol 2, endogenous glucagon was blocked with somatostatin and exogenous glucagon was infused at either basal or elevated rates to mimic nocturnal glucagon concentrations observed in nondiabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals. EGP was measured using [3-3H] glucose and gluconeogenesis estimated with 2H2O in all studies. Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Trials Unit, Rochester, MN, US. In Protocol 1, 34 subjects (17 ND and 17 T2D) and in Protocol 2, 39 subjects (21 ND and 18 T2D) were studied. Endogenous glucose production. EGP, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis were higher with variable than with constant cortisol at 7 am in T2D subjects. In contrast, nocturnal EGP did not differ in ND subjects between variable and constant cortisol. While elevated glucagon increased EGP, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis in ND, the data in T2D subjects indicated that EGP and gluconeogenesis but not glycogenolysis were higher during the early part of the night. Nocturnal hyperglucagonemia, but not physiological rise in cortisol, contributes to nocturnal hyperglycemia in T2D due to increased gluconeogenesis.

Abstract 3675: Elucidating the role and function of APOBEC3 DNA deaminases in myeloproliferative neoplasms

Abstract The prevalence of upregulated apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) transcripts as well as a distinct mutational signature has been identified and presented extensively in numerous cancer types. Previously, this family of cytidine deaminases has been studied in innate immunity, as they are active in the conversion of cytosine to uracil to restrict retroviral replication. Recent studies employing whole exome sequencing of multiple cancer types have shown a significant increase in both APOBEC3 transcript level as well as an increase in mutations indicated as a result of APOBEC3 driven mutagenesis. However, the expression and role of these enzymes in cancer initiation and progression as well as the mechanisms by which the APOBEC3 enzymes elicit a response in the cancer microenvironment remains unknown, especially in hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we elucidate the APOBEC3 mutation phenotype in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) as well as the naïve cell populations of CD34+ cord blood and normal aged samples. Through RNA sequencing we have found a cell type and context specific nature of these enzymes, notably the upregulation of APOBEC3G (A3G) in the Myelofibrosis (MF) stem and progenitor cell population as compared to normal aged counterparts. There is also significant differential expression of APOBEC3C (A3C), APOBEC3D (A3D), and APOBEC3F (A3F) in MF disease states compared to normal controls. By cloning the APOBEC3 enzymes into lentiviral expression vectors, we can now study the physiological effects of changes in APOBEC3 transcript level in relation to the known changes in expression seen in many cancers, focusing on the upregulation of A3G through lentiviral overexpression. Using these techniques, we will also elucidate the mutation signature of APOBEC3G in CD34+ cord blood as compared to the known mutagenesis pattern derived from the editing signature of APOBEC3B. Upon APOBEC3G overexpression we can connect the prevalence and proposed activity of the enzymes to the physiological deregulation present in hematopoietic malignancies. We have found that A3G induces a proliferative burst in normal CD34+ cord blood, which leads us to study the effects of APOBEC3 upregulation in regards to proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal in normal and malignant cells as well as their potential function in disease initiation and progression in MPNs. Citation Format: Jane Isquith, Qingfei Jiang, Raymond Diep, Jessica Pham, Frida Holm, Catriona Jamieson. Elucidating the role and function of APOBEC3 DNA deaminases in myeloproliferative neoplasms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3675.

Quantitative Model for Ion Transport and Cytoplasm Conductivity of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

In mammalian cells cytoplasm ion concentrations and hence cytoplasm conductivity is an important indicator of their physiological state. Changes in the cytoplasm conductivity has been associated with physiological changes such as progression of cancer and apoptosis. In this work, a model that predicts the effects of physiological changes in ion transport on the cytoplasm conductivity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is demonstrated. We determined CHO-specific model parameters, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps and ion channels densities, using a flux assay approach. The obtained sodium (PNa), potassium (PK) and chloride (PCl) permeability and Na+/K+ ATPase pump density were estimated to be 5.6 × 10−8 cm/s, 5.6 × 10−8 cm/s, 3.2 × 10−7 cm/s and 2.56 × 10−11 mol/cm2, respectively. The model was tested by comparing the model predictions with the experimentally determined temporal changes in the cytoplasm conductivity of Na+/K+ ATPase pump inhibited CHO cells. Cells’ Na+/K+ ATPase pumps were inhibited using 5 mM Ouabain and the temporal behavior of their cytoplasm conductivity was measured using dielectrophoresis cytometry. The measured results are in close agreement with the model-calculated values. This model will provide insight on the effects of processes such as apoptosis or external media ion concentration on the cytoplasm conductivity of mammalian cells.

Live versus art in voice change: The case of Maria Callas

Many commentaries on the voice of singer Maria Callas note that her voice changed markedly over the course of her career, with changes often attributed to “ferocious dieting.” Such claims are particularly troubling in the absence of evidence that weight loss affects voice acoustics, and in the relative absence of acoustic data testing specific hypotheses regarding expected changes in voice with dieting. This paper examines recordings from early and late in Callas’s career, and attempts to determine whether observed changes are more consistent with the acoustic effects of physiological changes associated with extreme and rapid weight loss (changes in hormone levels, respiratory changes, differences in tongue size/vocal tract dimensions, reflux, etc.), with aging (e.g., increasing vocal instability, changes in resonance frequencies, changes in F0), or with artistic choices.

Conceptualizing ecosystem tipping points within a physiological framework.

Connecting the nonlinear and often counterintuitive physiological effects of multiple environmental drivers to the emergent impacts on ecosystems is a fundamental challenge. Unfortunately, the disconnect between the way “stressors” (e.g., warming) is considered in organismal (physiological) and ecological (community) contexts continues to hamper progress. Environmental drivers typically elicit biphasic physiological responses, where performance declines at levels above and below some optimum. It is also well understood that species exhibit highly variable response surfaces to these changes so that the optimum level of any environmental driver can vary among interacting species. Thus, species interactions are unlikely to go unaltered under environmental change. However, while these nonlinear, species‐specific physiological relationships between environment and performance appear to be general, rarely are they incorporated into predictions of ecological tipping points. Instead, most ecosystem‐level studies focus on varying levels of “stress” and frequently assume that any deviation from “normal” environmental conditions has similar effects, albeit with different magnitudes, on all of the species within a community. We consider a framework that realigns the positive and negative physiological effects of changes in climatic and nonclimatic drivers with indirect ecological responses. Using a series of simple models based on direct physiological responses to temperature and ocean pCO 2, we explore how variation in environment‐performance relationships among primary producers and consumers translates into community‐level effects via trophic interactions. These models show that even in the absence of direct mortality, mismatched responses resulting from often subtle changes in the physical environment can lead to substantial ecosystem‐level change.