Physiological Conditions Research Articles

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: Friend or foe in metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the predominant liver disease and is becoming the paramount contributor to end-stage liver disease and liver-related deaths. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) located between the hepatic parenchyma and blood from viscera and gastrointestinal tract are the gatekeepers for the hepatic microenvironment and normal function. In normal physiological conditions, LSECs govern the substance exchange between hepatic parenchyma and blood through dynamic regulation of fenestration and maintain the quiescent state of Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells. In MASLD, lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and mechanical compression caused by fat-laden hepatocytes result in LSECs capillarization and dysfunction. The altered LSECs progressively shift from healer to injurer, exacerbating liver inflammation and advancing liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the deteriorative roles of LSECs and related molecular mechanisms involved in MASLD and their contribution to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis development and progression. Furthermore, in this review, we propose that targeting LSECs dysfunction is a prospective therapeutic strategy to restore the physiological function of LSECs and mitigate MASLD progression.

Iron-sulfur clusters: the road to room temperature.

Iron-sulfur proteins perform a wide variety of reactions central to the metabolisms of all living organisms. Foundational to their reaction chemistry are the rich electronic structures of their constituent Fe-S clusters, which differ in important ways from the active sites of mononuclear Fe enzymes. In this perspective, we summarize the essential electronic structure features that make Fe-S clusters unique, and point to the need for studies aimed at understanding the electronic basis for their reactivity under physiological conditions. Specifically, at ambient temperature, both the ground state and a large number of excited states are thermally populated, and thus a complete understanding of Fe-S cluster reactivity must take into account the properties, energies, and reactivity patterns of these excited states. We highlight prior research toward characterizing the low-energy excited states of Fe-S clusters that has established what is now a consensus model of these excited state manifolds and the bonding interactions that give rise to them. In particular, we discuss the low-energy alternate spin states and valence electron configurations that occur in Fe-S clusters of varying nuclearities, and finally suggest that there may be unrecognized functional roles for these states.

Immune control of brain physiology.

The peripheral immune system communicates with the brain through complex anatomical routes involving the skull, the brain borders, circumventricular organs and peripheral nerves. These immune-brain communication pathways were classically considered to be dormant under physiological conditions and active only in cases of infection or damage. Yet, peripheral immune cells and signals are key in brain development, function and maintenance. In this Perspective, we propose an alternative framework for understanding the mechanisms of immune-brain communication. During brain development and in homeostasis, these anatomical structures allow selected elements of the peripheral immune system to affect the brain directly or indirectly, within physiological limits. By contrast, in ageing and pathological settings, detrimental peripheral immune signals hijack the existing communication routes or alter their structure. We discuss why a diversity of communication channels is needed and how they work in relation to one another to maintain homeostasis of the brain.

Эстетика и основы планировки рабочих мест на автотранспортных предприятиях

The article examines important aspects of workplace planning at motor transport enterprises. They are capable of ensuring the creation of the most favorable physiological, hygienic and aesthetic working conditions that contribute to increasing human performance and maintaining health, and ensure the performance of tasks with the least physical and mental labor costs. Keywords: WORKPLACE LAYOUT, MOTOR TRANSPORT COMPANY, AESTHETICS, WORKPLACE, SAFETY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR PROTECTION, WORKING POSTURE, WORKER

Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

This research investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with Ecobiol plus® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT5940) on the growth performance, physiological responses, oxidative stress, and immune status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings revealed to Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 525 Nile tilapia fingerlings, averaging 30.00 ± 5.00 g in initial weight, were randomly divided into four groups (control and three experimental groups), each with three replicates of 25 fish. Ecobiol plus® was integrated in the diet at concentrations of 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg feed. Fish were fed at 3% of their biomass daily, with biweekly adjustments based on growth. The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks, followed by a 15-day challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila to evaluate immune responses and survival outcomes. The group receiving 0.4 g/kg of Ecobiol plus® exhibited the most significant improvements in growth performance, including higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency (p < 0.05). Blood and biochemical assessments indicated increased hemoglobin, total protein, and globulin levels, reflecting improved physiological and immunological conditions. Additionally, lysozyme activity and phagocytic response were markedly enhanced, demonstrating the probiotic’s immune-boosting potential. Histopathological evaluations revealed reduced gut, gills, and hepatopancreas lesions, especially in groups with higher supplementation levels. Fish in Group T4, fed with 0.4 g/kg Ecobiol plus®, achieved the best growth performance, with a final weight of 77.96 ± 5.53 g, a weight gain of 42.46 ± 3.18 g, and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.51%/day, compared to the control group (T1) with a final weight of 75.26 ± 3.87 g, weight gain of 35.76 ± 2.08 g, and SGR of 1.24%/day. Survival rates considerably increased in the treated groups, with T4 exhibiting the highest rate of 96.00%, followed by T2 (94.68%), T3 (92.00%), and T1 (81.32%). Additionally, the LD50 of A. hydrophila was determined to be 3 × 10⁷ CFU/mL, underscoring the protective effect of Ecobiol plus® in enhancing fish immunity and resilience against bacterial challenges. These results suggest that Ecobiol plus® can be a natural, antibiotic-free additive to strengthen growth and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. The optimal inclusion level of Ecobiol plus® is 0.4 g/kg for maximum benefit.

OA−ICOS−Based Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Sensors for Field Applications in Gas Reflux Chicken Coops

To facilitate the effective assessment of respiratory entropy during poultry breeding, a novel oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor was developed based on the off−axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique, featuring effective absorption optical paths of 15.5 m and 8.5 m, respectively. The sensor employs integrated environmental control technology, substantially enhancing detection precision. To improve the instrument’s response speed, the miniaturization of the cavity and structural optimization were implemented, achieving a rapid response time of merely 6.22 s, addressing the stringent requirements for quick responsiveness in poultry respiration thermometry research. A signal processing model tailored for on−site applications was designed, boosting the system’s signal−to−noise ratio by 4.7 times under complex environmental noise conditions. Utilizing Allan variance analysis, the sensor’s detection limits for O2 and CO2 were ascertained to be 2.9 ppm and 7.4 ppb, respectively. A 24−h field application test conducted in Gongzhuling demonstrated that the sensor’s results align with the respiratory characteristics of poultry under normal physiological conditions, validating its extensive potential for application in respiratory analysis, environmental monitoring, and industrial sectors.

In Vitro and In Vivo Biodegradation of Silk Fabric Scaffolds.

Biodegradation of natural silk scaffolds made from gauze and satin fabrics was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Experiments were conducted using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Fenton's reagent to model degradation. Samples demonstrated high stability in the model of physiological conditions and varying degradation rates in oxidative stress. In vivo studies in rats showed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds and a gradual reduction in inflammatory responses. The findings highlight the potential of silk scaffolds for use in various areas of regenerative medicine.

Incubator-integrated electrochemical analysis platform for cell-based studies

Electrochemical analysis methods are critical for probing cellular behavior, offering sensitivity and versatility. However, challenges such as maintaining in-vivo-like conditions during electrochemical testing can affect data accuracy. To address this, we developed an incubator-integrated electrochemical analysis platform that bridges the gap between cell culture and testing environments, preserving physiological conditions. The platform integrates a microfluidic module for cell-electrode interactions, an incubator module for controlled culture and measurement environments, and a measurement module comprising a screen-printed electrode (SPE) and potentiostat for real-time monitoring. Additionally, the sample preparation apparatus ensures robust cell adhesion and mitigates surface degradation during incubation, enabling consistent and reliable measurements. Through extensive studies with cells, we demonstrated the platform’s capability to distinguish varying cell densities and accurately evaluate cell proliferation. Studies on standard-of-care drugs further showcased the platform’s utility in assessing drug efficacy, emphasizing its potential for drug screening and personalized medicine applications.

Targeted cancer therapy using nanoparticles: Addressing biocompatibility, targeting efficiency and toxicity

This study investigates the development of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid for targeted cancer therapy. Dual drug loading of doxorubicin and curcumin enhanced therapeutic efficacy through synergistic action. Nanoparticles were characterized for size, zeta potential, drug release kinetics, and targeting efficiency. Results demonstrated high drug encapsulation efficiency (89% for doxorubicin and 82% for curcumin), sustained release under physiological conditions (48% over 48 hours at pH 7.4), and enhanced cytotoxicity (IC50 = 11.4 µg/mL) against folate receptor-expressing MCF-7 cells. This approach addresses key challenges in nanoparticle-based therapy, including biocompatibility, precise targeting, and minimizing systemic toxicity.

Neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals through autophagy modulation in ischemic stroke.

Stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of this condition is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic targets that can improve patient outcomes. Autophagy is an essential mechanism for the destruction of damaged intracellular components that maintains homeostasis in physiological or pathological conditions. This process is involved in the pathophysiology of stroke. Phytochemicals are bioactive naturally occurring compounds present in plants. This paper reviews the neuroprotective roles of phytochemicals in ischemic stroke through autophagy modulation. It summarizes the interactions of various phytochemicals with key molecular targets of the autophagy pathway in ischemic stroke, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Beclin-1, and AMPK. Due to the ability of various phytochemicals to alter autophagic flux, they may provide promising opportunities in the development of new treatments and the improvement of stroke management.

Hydrolyzed proteins: availability, bioactivity, safety, applications in feed production

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. These peptides are typically formed from ingested proteins in the gastrointestinal tract, but the types of resultant peptides can vary greatly with the physiological conditions of the animals and the composition of the diets. Therefore, feed manufacturers add hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic or bacterial hydrolysis of proteins from an animal or plant source to obtain peptides aimed at increasing the availability of easily digestible protein or peptides with specific biological activity, such as antioxidant or antimicrobial agents. The processing of agricultural crops, animals, poultry and fish in the food industry results in the formation of large amounts of secondary waste in solid or liquid form. These wastes are a good source of cheap proteins, which when used as raw materials in the hydrolysis process, are converted from useless waste into valuable ones. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins produces peptides and free amino acids, which are absorbed much faster than the original protein, due to the presence of specialized transporters in the intestinal mucosa. Also, depending on the type of protease, the peptides formed as a result of hydrolysis have beneficial biological effects on animal health. This article discusses the most important hydrolysates used in feed animal and their availability for absorption, as well as the bioactivity and safety of bioactive peptides for animal health.

Microneedles at the Forefront of Next Generation Theranostics.

Theranostics, combining therapeutic and diagnostic functions, marks a revolutionary advancement in modern medicine, with microneedle technology at its forefront. This review explores the substantial developments and multifaceted applications of microneedles, which have evolved from basic transdermal drug delivery devices to sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic platforms. Microneedles enhance access to biomarkers via interstitial fluid, enabling real-time monitoring of physiological conditions, such as glucose and hormone levels, thus facilitating continuous health tracking. The evolution of microneedle design from solid to dissolvable forms broadens their utility from mere drug delivery to complex sensing and therapeutic applications, including insulin delivery for diabetes management, vaccination, and gene therapy. This paper delves into the integration of microneedles with wearable technologies, highlighting their role in closed-loop systems that combine real-time monitoring with dynamic, precise therapeutic delivery. By addressing gaps in the literature regarding their integrated diagnostic and treatment capabilities, this review underscores the pivotal role of microneedles in personalizing medicine. It concludes with a visionary perspective on the future trajectory of microneedle technology, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize therapeutic strategies through enhanced efficacy, safety, and patient compliance.

Rapid synthesis of manganese dioxide nanoparticles for enhanced biocompatibility and theranostic applications.

Manganese dioxide (MnO2), lauded for its biocompatibility and distinctive optical and physical characteristics, has become an indispensable material in the biomedical field, showing immense potential in disease detection, treatment, and prevention. Particularly, the ability of MnO2 nanoparticles to oxidize glutathione (GSH) to its oxidized form has positioned them as pivotal players in GSH sensing. However, conventional preparation methods, whether top-down or bottom-up, often result in nanoparticles that require multi-step processing and modification to achieve good dispersion in physiological conditions, which is both time-consuming and complex. To address this, a rapid and efficient method was developed for producing well-dispersed and stable MnO2 nanoparticles using tannic acid to reduce potassium permanganate. The polyphenolic structure of tannic acid not only facilitates the reduction process but also enhances the dispersibility of the nanoparticles in biological environments. In addition, PEG could improve the stability of MnO2 nanoparticles and also reduce their size. Moreover, we demonstrate the application of these nanoparticles in a colorimetric assay for GSH detection, leveraging their ability to react with GSH to produce Mn2+. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were utilized in a colorimetric assay for GSH detection, harnessing their reactivity with GSH to generate Mn2+. Beyond this, the MnO2 nanoparticles exhibit potential for the loading of a spectrum of molecules, including small molecules, peptides, DNA, RNA, and proteins, through electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, and the inherent reactivity of polyphenols. This groundbreaking strategy heralds a new era for MnO2 in the realm of theranostic agent delivery, offering a promising avenue for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy in biomedical applications.

Curcumin-laden hydrogel coating medical device for periprosthetic joint infection prevention and control.

The Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) is one of the most important complications of the joint arthroplasty. This surgical procedure is rising worldwide and is further affecting the public health because of the widespread resistance to antibiotics. New therapeutic strategies and innovative antimicrobial biomaterials development are needed to eradicate pathogens without inducing resistance and accelerating recovery. In this direction, herein Curcumin I- (Cur-) loaded DAC® (Defensive Antibacterial Coating, a hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid conjugate to polylactic acid, hereafter named DAC) has been built on. To incorporate Cur in the DAC, so obtaining Cur-DAC (Cur ≅ 0.93 mg/g), the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) propylene glycol (PG) was used as cosolvent. The drugs combinations of Cur (≅0.93 mg/g) and Vancomycin (Van) (at low dose that is ≅ 0.033 mg/g) within the hydrogel (Cur/Van-DAC) was experienced too. Hydrogels were prepared and characterized by rheological investigations and their erosion together with the drug release profile over the time evaluated in physiological conditions. The nanohydrogels produced upon water dilution were characterized by AFM, DLS, and UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies. Superior Cur stability over pH-, solvent- and photo-induced degradations resulted in the DAC matrix. The photoinduced antimicrobial activity of Cur-DAC against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was evaluated by spreading loaded DAC-based hydrogel onto titanium disk mimicking prosthesis, thus detecting a good reduction of bacterial load after 30 min of exposure to light and a subsequent decrease of cells number at 24 h. The drug association in Cur/Van-DAC demonstrated the best activity against MRSA, even in the presence of nutrients, respect to established DAC loaded with high amounts of Van (ranging from 18.7 mg/g to 45.8 mg/g) used during the surgery, due to the photo-antibacterial activity of Cur, becoming promising to prevent and control joint infections.

AhR governs lipid metabolism: the role of gut microbiota

The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is widely present in mammalian bodies, showing high affinity for various exogenous substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and coumarin. Under physiological conditions, AhR mainly participates in regulating the body’s immune response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis among a series of processes. Recent studies have revealed a close connection between AhR and lipid metabolism. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in regulating host lipid metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an inseparable link between gut microbiota and AhR signaling. This review summarizes the relationship between AhR and lipid metabolism disorders, as well as the interaction between gut microbiota and AhR, exploring how this interaction modulates host lipid metabolism.

P-2082. Shifting Susceptibility: MIC Assessment in RPMI versus MHB for Daptomycin Non-Susceptible MRSA Isolates

Abstract Background Traditional minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) screening, widely adopted in clinical microbiology labs, utilize Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) to determine susceptibility breakpoints for bacterial organisms. The Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium supplemented with 5% Luria-Bertani Broth (LB) is commonly used in cell culture research to maintain cell health and improve viability. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to better mimic physiological conditions in humans. This study seeks to elucidate differences in MICs in 25 daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Methods Twenty-five DNS-MRSA bacterial strains were utilized. Variations in daptomycin MICs between RPMI and MHB were determined via triplicate microbroth dilution (MBD). After 24 hours, 50 µL of resazurin was added to each 96-well plate, and MICs recorded. Both RPMI and MHB were supplemented with 50 mg/L of calcium, and pH levels verified (pH 7.30-7.50). We assessed differences in MICs between RPMI and MHB using the Mann-Whitney U test (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Results The comparison of daptomycin MICs between RPMI and MHB revealed significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) for the 25 DNS-MRSA bacterial strains examined. Specifically, in RPMI, MIC values ranged from 0.0125 to 2, whereas in MHB, MIC values ranged from 2 to 4. This suggests a notable impact of culture medium on the effectiveness of daptomycin against the tested bacterial strains. The study's findings underscore the importance of considering culture conditions when evaluating antimicrobial susceptibility, particularly for DNS-MRSA strains. Conclusion Our comparative assessment of MICs using RPMI versus MHB revealed statistically significant differences in antimicrobial activity. These differences warrant further investigation across additional strains and antibiotics. Notably, while the breakpoint for daptomycin is 1 mg/liter for S. aureus, our MICs done in RPMI indicated susceptibility of previously recorded DNS strains with a MIC &amp;lt; 1 mg/L according to CLSI guidelines. These findings highlight the importance of considering potential shifts in MICs based on testing media differences and suggest a need for reevaluation of traditional susceptibility testing methods. Disclosures Michael J. Rybak, PharmD, PhD, MPH, Abbvie, Melinta, Sionogi, Merck, T2Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie, Melinta, Sionogi, Merck, T2Biosystems: Grant/Research Support|Abbvie, Melinta, Sionogi, Merck, T2Biosystems: Speaker

The Effects of Almond Oil, Walnut Oil and Corn Oil on Histopathology of the Heart, Aorta and Testes in L-NAME-induced Hypertensive Rats

Abstract Introduction: Chronic hypertension is a serious physiological condition that develops histopathological abnormalities such as remodelling, hypertrophy in heart muscle and vasoconstriction of blood vessels. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of almond, walnut and corn oils on remodelling and hypertrophy of the heart, aorta and testicles in high blood pressure (BP)-bearing rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 200–250 g were used. Rats were divided into 5 groups, with 5 rats in each group, as the following: Group first: normal control: standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum; Group 2: hypertension induced by L-NAME (model): This group received L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) orally; Group 3: model + walnut oil, received almond oil (3 ml/kg) for 3 weeks; Group 4: model + almond oil, received walnut oil (3 ml/kg) for 3 weeks and Group 5: mode + corn oil, received corn oil (3 ml/kg) for 3 weeks. The experiment took 28 days, BP was recorded each week and then the animals were sacrificed under the effects of ketamin-xylazine anaesthesia by cervical dislocation. Histopathological slices were taken from the whole heart, aorta and testes using the standard method. The mean BP for each group was presented in the table, and t-test was used for statistical analysis. Histopathological results for each group are shown in the figures. Results: In contrast to almond oil, walnut oil and corn oil have significantly reduced BP (157.9 ± 4.490 mmHg) to (140.1 ± 3.068 mmHg) but not to the control level (130.7 ± 2.605). Walnut and corn oil could prevent tunica media thickness in the aortic, remodelling and hypertrophy in cardiac muscle and protect the architecture of spermatogenesis tissue in seminiferous tubules of testicle. Almond-treated groups showed no improvement in histopathological changes when compared with the model in aorta, cardiac muscle and testicle. Conclusion: Unlike almond oil, corn and walnut oil can reduce high BP induced by L-NAME and alleviate the histopathological changes that occur as the result of hypertension, such as aortic wall thickness and myocadiac hypertrophy.

Finite element modeling of clavicle fracture fixations: a systematic scoping review.

Finite element analysis has become indispensable for biomechanical research on clavicle fractures. This review summarized evidence regarding configurations and applications of finite element analysis in clavicle fracture fixation. Seventeen articles involving 22 clavicles were synthesized from CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Most studies investigated midshaft transverse closed fractures by reconstructing intact models from CT scans and simulating fractures through gap creation. Common loading schemes included axial compression, distal torsion, and inferior bending. The primary objective was comparing different implant designs/placements on construct stiffness, von Mises stress, and fracture site micro-motion. Our review suggested a preference for plate fixation, particularly with anterior placement, for midshaft transverse fractures. However, limited fracture types studied constrain comprehensive recommendations. Additionally, the review highlighted discrepancies between finite element and clinical studies, emphasizing the need for improved modeling of physiological conditions. Future research should focus on developing a comprehensive database of finite element models to test various implant options and placements under common loading schemes, bridging the gap between biomechanical simulations and clinical outcomes.

RETRACTION Tafuri, F., Martinez-Roig, R., Setyawan, H. ., Susanto, N. ., Anam, K., Saraiello, E., Avino, U., &amp; Latino, F. (2024). El entrenamiento en circuito mejora las condiciones fisiológicas entre los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (Circuit training improves physiological conditions among wheelchair basket players). Retos, 58, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107484

Tafuri, F., Martinez-Roig, R., Setyawan, H. ., Susanto, N. ., Anam, K., Saraiello, E., Avino, U., &amp; Latino, F. (2024). El entrenamiento en circuito mejora las condiciones fisiológicas entre los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (Circuit training improves physiological conditions among wheelchair basket players). Retos, 58, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107484 Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been a number of clear and conclusive pieces of evidence that they include references that are not related to the topic of the article or the context in which they are cited. The pattern discovered is that the authors have been self-citing their work, in all the articles that are retracted, without any relation to the content of the article in question, introducing citations that are not related to the text and then adding the corresponding references to these citations in the reference list.

Nanosensor for Fe(II) and Fe(III) Allowing Spatiotemporal Sensing in Planta.

Fluorescent nanosensors operating in planta have shown recent success toward informing basic plant biology and agricultural applications. We developed near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanosensors using the Corona Phase Molecular Recognition (CoPhMoRe) technique that distinguish Fe(II) and Fe(III) species with limit of detection as low as 10 nM. An anionic poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) polyelectrolyte wrapped single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) shows up to 200% turn-on and 85% turn-off responses to Fe(II) and Fe(III), respectively, allowing spatial and temporal analysis of iron uptake in both foliar and root-to-shoot pathways. Our findings reveal species-dependent iron uptake efficiency, mobility, and utilization rates, which we show is primarily affected by the chelation status of iron source and by plant physiological conditions such as iron deficiency and treatment with the stress hormone, abscisic acid (ABA). The broad applicability of this sensor across important plant species highlights the potential of nanotechnology-enabled sensors to enable precise and sustainable nutrient management.