Physicochemical Constants Research Articles

INVESTIGATION OF FLAVONOIDS OF THE ROOT OF THE PLANT SCUTELLARIA INTERMEDIA POPOV

Plants of the genus Scutellaria L. – the skullcap (the Lamiaceae family) on the globe are represented by 360 species, widespread in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions, including Europe, North America and East Asia. They are used in folk medicine and are a source of unique biologically active compounds with valuable pharmacological properties. The article is devoted to the phytochemical study of the flavonoids of the roots of S. intermedia. From the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the 80% ethanol extract of the roots, 6 flavonoids were first isolated. Based on the results of chemical transformations, UV, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectra, comparison of physicochemical constants with literature data, and comparison with samples of flavonoids isolated from other species of Scutellaria L., the compounds obtained wogonine, 5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (dihydrohispidulin) 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydro- xiflavane (dihydroscutellarein), luteoline and baicalein 7-O-β-D-ethyl glucuronide.

Methods for Analytical Control of Darunavir Tablet Dosage Forms. Part II

Previously, targeted development of special procedures regulating analytical control methods for darunavir (DRV) dosage forms showed that the use of expensive imported reference standards (RSs) could be avoided. Part I discussed such procedures and their validation results. They were intended for sections Identity; Talc, Silica, and Titania; and Dissolution of the corresponding monographs. Part II continued the examination of procedures not requiring the use of RSs that were proposed for inclusion into sections of the monographs Side Impurities and Quantitative Determination. HPLC in gradient mode was proposed for estimating the contents of side impurities. The lower limit of quantitation of a separate impurity relative to DRV was 0.02%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the total impurity content was less than 10%. The DRV concentration in the section Quantitative Determination was proposed to be determined by direct UV spectrophotometry of the analyte in solution (pH ~ 9) using a procedure that required preliminary experimental determination of the specific absorption coefficient ( $$ {A}_{1\mathrm{cm}}^{1\%} $$ ) of the wavelength maximum at 267 nm for DRV in aqueous MeOH solutions (pH ~ 9). The experimental $$ {A}_{1\mathrm{cm}}^{1\%} $$ ) = 393.4 cm–1 (RSD < 1% at confidence level a = 0.05). Therefore, $$ {A}_{1\mathrm{cm}}^{1\%} $$ ) was a physicochemical constant. The RSD of results could be reduced to 1% and the analysis time shortened by 2 – 3 times because the preparation of RS solutions and measurements of their optical densities were obviated if $$ {A}_{1\mathrm{cm}}^{1\%} $$ ) was used for quantitative determinations of DRV by direct UV spectrophotometry.

Synthesis and establishment of physico-chemical constants 2-(5-( chinoline -2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-іл)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-ілтіо) acetate acids and their esther

The large interest in the plan of search biologically of active agents is caused by the heterocyclic system of 1,2,4-triazole, due to high biological activity, and by the low indexes of toxicness, that inherent it to the structural analogues. Today in medical practice the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are used as high-efficiency antioxidants, cytostatic antimycotic agent , antidepressants and others.&#x0D; Literary information testify that among connections, representatives derivative of 3-tio-1,2,4-triazole range condensed with heteryl carboxylic acid, and their derivatives, find matters with the wide spectrum of biological action.&#x0D; The primary purpose of this work is continuation of synthetic researches 5-(chinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-tion, namely synthesis of new 2-(5-(chinolin-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) acetate acids, their esteriv and establishment for the new structural derivatives of physical and chemical constants, confirmation of structure and individuality.&#x0D; On the basis of purposeful synthesis was received 10 new, connections derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole not described in literature, that contain the kernels of triazole`s cycle of chinole in a 5 position, or 2- hydroxyquinoline deputies, namely 2-(5-(chinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-2,4-dihydro-3Н-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) acetate acids and their esteras. For the synthesized connections by the modern physical and chemical methods of analysis their structure is well-proven, and physical and chemical constants are set.&#x0D; Structure of synthesized esteriv 2-(5-(quinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) of acetate acids is confirmed the complex use of element analysis and ICh-spectrophotometry.

Physics of Bubble‐Propelled Microrockets

AbstractA popular method to induce synthetic propulsion at the microscale is to use the forces created by surface‐produced gas bubbles inside the asymmetric body of a catalytic swimmer (referred to in the literature as microrocket). Gas bubbles nucleate and grow within the swimmer and migrate toward one of its openings due to asymmetric geometric confinement, generating a net hydrodynamic force which propels the device. Here, numerical simulations are used to develop a joint chemical (diffusive) and hydrodynamic (Stokes) analysis of the bubble growth within a conical catalytic microrocket and of the associated bubble and microrocket motion. With this computational model, the bubble dynamics are solved for over one bubble cycle ranging from its nucleation to its exiting the conical rocket, and the propulsion characteristics are identified as a function of all design parameters (geometry and chemical activity of the motor, surface tension, physicochemical constants). The results suggest that hydrodynamics and chemistry partially decouple in the motion of the bubbles, with hydrodynamics determining the distance travelled by the microrocket over each cycle while chemistry sets the bubble ejection frequency. This numerical model allows for the identification of an optimal microrocket shape and size for which the distance travelled per cycle duration is maximized.

English

Microtrichia perotitii DC. belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositeae) and it is a herb found in the West African countries. The aim of this research was to establish pharmacognostic standards for M. perotitii through macroscopic, microscopic, chemo-microscopic and physico-chemical investigations. The macroscopic studies revealed the shape of the leaf as small with acute apex, asymmetric base, pubescent surface with long petiole and a serrated margin. Organoleptically, the leaf is green, slightly bitter and pepperish with an unpleasant odour. The microscopic studies of the leaf showed epidermal cells with irregularly thickened walls, numerous anomocytic stomata, and multicellular covering trichomes on both upper and lower epidermis. The transverse section of the leaf showed that it was dorsiventral with separated elements of vascular bundle. The powdered leaf revealed calcium oxalate crystals (prism and rosette), starch (oval) and xylem (spiral). Quantitative-leaf microscopy revealed the leaf constants as palisade ratio (3.2-3.4); stomatal number (258-285); stomatal index (19.5-24.7); vein-islet number (6.0-8.0) and vein-let termination number (8.0-11.0). The physico-chemical constants of the leaf showed moisture content (12.67 %), total ash (20.33 %), acid –insoluble ash (27.3 %), water- soluble ash (81.18 %), water extractive values (40.9 %) and alcohol extractive values (25.45 %). This is the first time the pharmacognostic parameters of the leaf of M. perotitii were studied and it will be quite useful for its identification, standardization and inclusion in various pharmacopoeias. Key words: Microtrichia perotitii, macroscopical, microscopical, physico-chemical, pharmacognostic.

Iridoids and sfingolipids from Hedyotis diffusa

Seven new compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Hedyotis diffusa, including three iridoid glycosides, hedyoiridoidside A – C (1–3), two cerebrosides, hedyocerenoside F (4) and G (5), and two new ceramides, hedyoceramide A (6) and B (7). And six known iridoid glycosides (8–13) were also obtained. Their structures were established by their physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxicity of all compounds against tumor cell lines of human cervical cancer HeLa, human leukemia HL-60, human lung cancer A459, human hepatoma HepG2, human gastric gland carcinoma BCG-823, human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-2, human colon cancer HCT15, and human prostate cancer PC-3 were also evaluated in vitro. As a result, new compound 1 exhibited evident cytotoxicity to all tumor cell lines, and the IC50 values are from 9.5μM to 28.2μM, while new compound 2 exhibited evident cytotoxicity to Hela, HL-60, A459, HepG2, BGC-823, CNE-2, and HCT15, and the IC50 values are from 15.8μM to 26.2μM. Known compound 11 also exhibited evident cytotoxicity to HL-60, A459, HepG2, BGC-823, CNE-2, and HCT15, and the IC50 values are from 16.5μM to 40.4μM. New compounds 4–7 and known compounds 12 and 13 showed moderate cytotoxicity to some tumor cell lines.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.)Dubard “Seeds”

Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard belongs to family Sapotaceae. It is commonly called as Rayan /Khirni. The local people and aboriginals use the oil extracted from the seeds for cooking purpose. The seed has several therapeutic uses too. They are used in spermicidal activity, besides it is recommended for leprosy, ophthalmic, ulcers and in the opacity of the cornea. The oil from the seed is considered to be demulcent and emollient, used in piles. Although seeds and oil are in use; deliberate attempt to study them has lacked. Pharmacognosy can be the first step in deciding the status of a plant organ as a crude medicine. Hence comprehensive Pharmacognostic study of Manilkara hexandra seed was done. In the present investigation various aspects of pharmacognosy like macroscopy, microscopy, histochemical analysis, powder study, preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis, and physicochemical constants were laid down.

FLAVONOIDS OF RUSSOWIA SOGDIANA (BGE). FEDSCH.

Flavonoids are important and even the most active principles of plants and herbal preparations used in folk and scientific medicine as bile, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiallergic and vasodilating agents. The article is devoted to the study of flavonoids of the aboveground part of Russowia sogdiana (Bunge) B. Fedtsch. family Asteraceae. Russowia sogdiana is an annual herbaceous plant, found on the outcrops of variegated rocks in the lower belt of the Central Asian mountains. From the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract of the aerial part of the aboveground part of the plant, seven individual flavonoids were first isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Based on the results of acid hydrolysis and oxidation with a solution of iron (III) chloride, IR, UV, 1H, and 13C NMR data and mass spectra and a comparison of physicochemical constants with literature data, the compounds obtained were identified with known flavonoids apigenin, quercetin, isorhamnin, quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-7-О-β-D-glucopyranoside, saponaretin and vitexin.

MICROSCOPIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CRATEVA MAGNA (LOUR) DC. (LEAF)

Objective: Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step, in the detection of the bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, the identity, purity and strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf), HPTLC, LC MS and phytochemical screening were analysed.Methods: Tests for Identity, Purity, and Strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) Botanical standards, Physicochemical constants such as Foreign matter, Total ash, moisture content, Acid insoluble ash, and water soluble ash and Extractive value such as Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Alcohol were determined. The Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of various extracts was also determined. HPTLC, LCMS ANALYSIS was analysed.Results: Microscopic studies T S of Crateva magna leaf shows the presence of prominent midrib, upper and lower epidermis and lamina. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of dry powder and aqueous extracts of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) showed the presence of flavones, steroids, glycosides, sugar, alkaloids, quinones, phenols, coumarin and lignin. HPTLC of an Aqueous extract of the Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf). LC MS spectrum indicates may be the presence of bioactive compounds.Conclusion: The results revealed that aqueous extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) has suitable for anti ulcer study.

DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS OF PURIFICATION ON TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA LINN) SAMPLES BASED ON PHYTO-PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND MULTIVARIATE CHEMOMETRIC TECHNIQUE

Objective: To establish an acceptable identification system of various purification effects in context classical based different media on turmeric samples and relates its altering pattern in favor of phyto-pharmacognostical, image processing and multivariate chemometric analysis.Methods: Authenticated turmeric samples purified through different processes by using different media such as cow’s urine, panchapllava (five different plants tender leaves), the inflorescence of alambusha (Sphaeranthus indicus, Linn) decoction, water and buttermilk. Resultant samples dried, pulverized and undertaken powder microscopy, image processing, physicochemical and chromatographic fingerprinting (HPTLC). The multivariate chemometric analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) analyzed with help of Unscrambler and image processing in Matlab software.Results: The addition of characters of medias drug with turmeric powders like the crystal of gomutra, pollen grain and starch grain of Alambusha, epidermis, fibre, the crystal of panchapllava. Identify different perceivable colors in variously processed turmeric by analyzing the Lab color space through the Image segmentation. PC1 and PC2 explained (90 + 9) % total variance in score plot of respective purify turmeric samples shown clear grouping in relation to the physicochemical constant. Quantification of curcumin in various treated turmeric samples displayed variation due to additive effect in high-performance thin layer chromatographic profile.Conclusion: This study proved that purification in ayurveda not only refers to the elimination of toxins and unwanted particles but also the transformation in the properties in the primary substance rendering it safe as well as many desired qualities are imbibed in it.

Development of Quality Control Parameters for Standardization of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. Roots

Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (Family: Cyperaceae) is perennial and delicate slender sedge found wildly in damp or marshy areas. The present study was undertaken for the development of quality control parameters of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots. The study includes determination of various standardization parameters like morphological characters, microscopic studies, histochemical detection and physicochemical evaluation of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots. The morphological studies exhibited the organoleptic and surface characteristics of the roots. The microscopic study showed the presence of various characteristic features of roots like cortex, lignified endodermis, pericycle, scalariform xylem vessels, tracheids and phloem. Physicochemical constants such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values, swelling index and foaming index were established. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of root extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. These pharmacognostic features established in this study would helpful for the establishment of pharmacopoeial standards to facilitate quality control and correct identification of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots, also to minimize adulteration and substitution.

Optoacoustic determination of analytical parameters and physicochemical constants in highly concentrated solutions of chromophores

Determination of chromophores of various classes—rosaniline (fuchsine), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, tris(1,10-phenanthroline) iron(II), and phenol red — in their concentrated solutions near their solubility limits is performed with the optoacoustic technique for optically dense solutions; light-absorption coefficients of samples range from 0.5 to 500cm–1. The assessment of these substances in organo-aqueous and organic solvents is possible up to ca. 0.1molL–1. Characteristic stability and rate constants of the chelation of iron(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline are determined. It was found that turbidities up to 200 FTU and dynamic viscosities up to 20mPas do not affect the determination. The determination of total anthocyanins (as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) in bilberry and sweet-cherry juices agrees with the reference spectrophotometric method and demonstrates the possibilities of the optoacoustic technique for the analysis of real samples without dilution and with almost no sample preparation.

Pharmacognostic Assesment of the Endemic and Vulnerable Medicinal Climber-Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. var. glabra Gamble and Its Antibacterial Activity.

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate a meticulous pharmacognostic cram is to supplement constructive information with regard to its identification, characterization, and standardization of endemic and endangered medicinal climber Cayratia pedata var. glabra and also screening the antibacterial activity of this climber.Materials and Methods:The morphological characters of study plant, microscopic examination of leaf powder, anatomy of young stem, physicochemical analysis of plant powder, extractive values, phytochemical analysis, powder with different chemical reagents, fluorescence analysis of plant powder, and other World Health Organization (WHO) recommended for standardization were analyzed. The antibacterial activity of this study plant is also analyzed.Results:C. pedata var. glabra belongs to the family Vitaceae, commonly known as “Kattuppirandai” is one such endemic and endangered species in Thaisholai, Nilgiris South Division, Western Ghats. With the patronage of veteran ethnic group traditional knowledge of this region, the species C. pedata var. glabra was selected for the pharmacognostical examination and antibacterial screening. There were no pharmacognostical reports of this plant, specifically to determine the anatomical and other physicochemical standards required for its quality control. The current study deals with pharmacognostical parameters for the aerial parts of study plant, which mainly consists of macromorphological and microanatomical characters, physicochemical constants (ash values and extractive values), fluorescence analysis, and phytochemical screening, one of the WHO accepted parameter for the identification of medicinal plants. The pharmacognostical exploration was undertaken for this species with the purpose of sketch the pharmacopeial standards. The antibacterial activity of this plant confirms the therapeutic power.Conclusion:The information obtained from pharmacognostical studies will be of used for supplementary pharmacological and therapeutical evaluation of the species and will assist in standardization for quality, purity, and authentication with the help, of which adulteration and substitution can be prevented. The antibacterial activity of this plant confirm the traditional knowledge of local healers on the wound healing property of this species and also suggest this plant species can be used as a promising source for the development of new pharmaceuticals that address the therapeutic needs to cure infectious diseases.SUMMARY The species C. pedata var. glabra was selected for present research work, since this species is listed in Red data book and has a wider use for different ailments among the tribal population of Thiashola due to its high medicinal value. Pharmacognostical profile was generated from macroscopical analysis, microscopical studies, powder analysis, physico-chemical constituent values, fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical evaluation. The antibacterial activity of this plant confirms the therapeutic power. Abbreviations Used: WHO: World Health Organization; IUCN: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.

Pharmacognostic evaluation of stem bark of Murraya koenigii Spreng.

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng belonging to family Rutaceae, commonly known as “Curry Patta” is a common ingredient in Indian curry. This plant is reported to have stimulant, antidysenteric, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic properties. Pharmacognostical paramaters for stem bark were studied with the aim of contributing towards establishing monograph for the species. In pharmacognostical investigation examination of macroscopical, microscopical characters, fluorescence analysis and determination of various physicochemical constants like ash values, extractive values and loss on drying were carried out. Phytochemical screening included quantitative chemical examination of various solvents extracts which showed presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, steroids and flavonoids. Thus the present study was conceived to standardize the stem bark of Murraya koenigii as per WHO guidelines to determine identity, purity and for the detection of adulteration as well.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STANDARDISATION OF TYPHONIUM ROXBURGHII SCHOTT

Typhonium roxburghii Schott of Araceae is a common medicinal plant. The corms possess rubifacient properties and they are used in diarrhea and for dermatitis. In South India, it occurs in Kerala and Karnataka. In Tamil Nadu, it is cultivated, and occurs as an escape. Pharmacognosy is an important link between pharmacology and medicinal chemistry. Pharmacognostical standards are prepared by systematic study of the drug. Morphological and anatomical descriptions of plants, pharmacognostical standards such as structural standards, analytical standards and physical constants were obtained by employing standard methods of analysis as described in Pharmacopoeia of India. The results of the present investigation provide dependable diagnostic features of the vegetative organs of the plant for the identity of the drug in entire and in fragmentary conditions.Keywords: Typhonium roxburghii, pharmacognosy, morphology, anatomy, physicochemical constants, phytochemistry

A new irregular monoterpene acetate along with eight known compounds with antifungal potential from the aerial parts of Artemisia incisa Pamp (Asteraceae)

A new compound named as santolinylol-3-acetate (4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methylhexa-1,5-dien-3-yl acetate) (3), along with seven known compounds; linoleic acid (1), benzoic acid (2), santolinylol (4), ethyl-(E)-p-hydroxy cinnamate (5), scopoletin (6), esculetin (7) isofraxidin (8) and eupatorin (9), were isolated from the aerial parts (ethanolic extract) of endangered species: Artemisia incisa Pamp (Asteraceae). The compounds’ structures were determined through modern spectroscopic techniques, and comparison of data (physicochemical constants) with the literature. The relative stereochemistry of santolinylol-3-acetate (3) was determined by comparing its data of NOESY, and specific rotation with its diol analogue; santolinylol (4), isolated from the same plant; A. incisa. The results of the antifungal activity showed that coumarins are as whole less active compounds. Compounds 3 (25 and 300 μg/mL), and 4 (12.5 and 300 μg/mL), showed good activities against Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus, respectively, which justifies A. incisa as a traditional medicine for curing the said fungal infections.

Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis (2013-2015).

This review updates and follows-up a previous review by highlighting recent advancements regarding capillary electromigration methodologies and applications in pharmaceutical analysis. General approaches such as quality by design as well as sample injection methods and detection sensitivity are discussed. The separation and analysis of drug-related substances, chiral CE, and chiral CE-MS in addition to the determination of physicochemical constants are addressed. The advantages of applying affinity capillary electrophoresis in studying receptor-ligand interactions are highlighted. Finally, current aspects related to the analysis of biopharmaceuticals are reviewed. The present review covers the literature between January 2013 and December 2015.

Establishment of quality parameters and pharmacognostical study of Cyperus rotundus Linn. (Cyperaceae): A well-known traditional medicinal plant

Objective: Cyperus rotundus (L.) (family-Cyperaceae) occupies a prime role in traditional system of medicine. Since the extensive literature survey did not provide proper and accurate information regarding its study on standardization; therefore, the current study is carried out to establish various quality control parameters of C. rotundus rhizomes. Materials and Methods: The investigation included the determination of various standardization parameters such as macroscopic and microscopic studies, physicochemical parameters as well as phytochemical analysis of crude drug. Results: The microscopy study revealed that rhizome of the plant shows typical monocotyledonous characters with epidermal layer, sclerenchymatous layers, cortex, collateral, closed, vascular bundles, and endodermis. Physicochemical constants such as moisture content, ash values, fluorescence analysis, and extractive values were established. Preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, etc. Conclusion: Various pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters have pivotal roles in identification, authentication, and establishment of quality parameters of the species.

Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Cactus grandiflorus (L.) Britton and Rose

Background: Cactus grandiflorus (L.) Britton and Rose, Family: Cactaceae is an evergreen shrub with creeping aerial roots, used in Homoeopathy for atheromatous arteries, angina pectoris, and constriction of heart muscles, endocarditis, and heart weakness due to arteriosclerosis. Flowering stems are used in the preparation of medicine. Objective: The pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies are carried out to facilitate identification of correct species and standardized raw materials. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostic studies of stem of authentic samples of Cactus grandiflorus (L.) Britton and Rose have been carried out according to Trease and Evans, 1983, and Youngken 1959. To determine physicochemical constants, Indian Pharmacopoeia, 1970, was consulted and preliminary phytochemical properties were studied as per methods described by Trease and Evans, 1983. Results: Stem available in segments of variable length and thickness, roundish structure with 5 or 6 ridges and furrows with aerial roots, isodiametric cavities in cortex containing mucilage; aggregates of acicular and rhomboidal calcium oxalate crystals scattered in parenchymatous region are the key identification characteristic. Thin layer chromatography of chloroform extract of mother tincture reveals five spots with blue and violet colors. Conclusion: The macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, and phytochemical analysis of the authentic raw material were indicative to establish the standards for ensuring quality and purity of the drug.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СТЕРОИДНЫХ ГЛИКОЗИДОВ ЯКОРЦЕВ СТЕЛЮЩИХСЯ, ПРОИЗРАСТАЮЩИХ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ

With purpose to search sources of steroid glycosides of the spirostan series we investigated Tribulus terrestris L. in the Azerbaijan flora. By the sequential fractional extraction method, followed column chromatography with silica gel L from the aerial part of plant were isolated four individual steroid glycosides named with increasing of their polarity as glycosides A , B , C , D . Were established chemical structure, molecular weight, melting temperature, specific rotation of all glycosides. In order to determine the chemical nature, they were hydrolyzed in acidic media. Aglicones were isolated in individual form after appropriate processing, and also investigated monosaccharides, included in the carbon chain. Identification of aglycones performed on the basis of physico-chemical constants, comparison of the IR spectra, chromatographic mobility in various solvent systems and absence of depression of melting point of the mixed sample with authentic samples. In the liquid phase of hydrolysate were established the presence of individual monosaccharides by chromatography method. On the basis of experiments glycoside A was identified as trillin, glycoside B – ruskogenin monoside (3-O-α-L-ramnopyranoside), glycoside C – dioscin (diosgenin trioside) and glycoside D – dioscinin (diosgenin tetraoside). Ruskogenin monoside and dioscinin were first isolated from Tribulus terrestris . Water-soluble glycoside dioscinin is recommended as an initial substance for the production of highly efficient antisclerotic drug – diosponin.