Physical Work Capacity Research Articles

Амплитудные показатели ЭКГ у мужчин разного возраста при субмаксимальной физической нагрузке (на примере жителей Европейского Севера России)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of submaximal physical activity (PWC170 test) on electrocardiogram (ECG) amplitude parameters in men of different ages. Materials and methods. The research involved apparently healthy men aged 20–29 (n = 27) and 40–49 (n = 27) years living in the European North of Russia. They performed a bicycle ergometer PWC170 test with incrementally increasing 3-minute loads (50, 100 and 150 W) and ECG recording in the Nehb leads. Results. A and D leads showed the most informative dynamics of ECG parameters in the subjects during the exercise test. It was mainly expressed in an increase in P wave amplitude, a decrease in T wave amplitude, a deepening of the S wave, and ST segment depression. The group of 40–49-year-old men, compared to 20–29-year-olds, was characterized by less pronounced T wave (lead D) amplitude changes at the beginning of the test, a less deep S wave (lead I), no shift in the ST segment (lead D) as well as a smaller number of parameters that showed statistically significant changes in the exercise test. ST segment (lead A) depression during the final load was twice as common in the older group of men (13 % in 20–29-year-olds and 25 % in 40–49-year-olds). Heart rate (HR) at all stages of the test, except for the last one, was lower in 40–49-year-olds; however, its more significant increase by the end of the test eliminated the statistical differences in HR at the final stage and in physical work capacity (PWC170) between the groups. The revealed differences in ECG and HR parameters may be associated with morphological changes occurring in the cardiovascular system with age, in particular, with the decrease in left ventricular function. Submaximal physical activity in men of the older age group involves a greater expenditure of myocardial reserves.

Acute effects of an exercise based multimodal in-patient rehabilitation protocol in male knee osteoarthritis patients and the two years follow-up sustainability.

Working with lifting and carrying heavy loads and kneeling postures with crawling, squats or heel seat position lead to progressive cartilage wear with premature degenerative changes. To investigate the effects of the exercise based multimodal 'knee college' and its sustainability in patients with knee osteoarthritis with data assessments before and after a starter course, before a 1-year and a 2-year follow-up refresher course in a retrospective observational study. A sample of 401 male patients (ICD10: M17 [arthrosis of knee]/ICF: s75011 [knee joint]) from the construction industries were assessed with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), EuroQol (EQ-5D), Performance Assessment Capacity Testing (PACT), Isokinetic torque H/Q ratio and Physical Work Capacity Test (PWC). Retrospectively, after two years they were divided into three groups based on their intermediate sporting activity: gym (n = 194, age: 50.8±7.0, BMI: 28.8±4,3), home training (n = 110, age: 50.2±7.0, BMI: 28.4±4,2), no exercising (n = 97, age: 48.2±7.0, BMI: 29.2±4,6). Patients did not differ significantly in their demographic and anthropometric data prior to the rehab program. Significant interaction effects indicated group-dependent differing sustainability effects for the 2-year follow-up (all outcomes: p < 0.001, except for H/Q ratio: p = 0.03). Group-wise analyses revealed significant acute improvements (after 3-week in-patient starter rehab program: p < 0.05) for all groups in almost all outcomes (except the 'no sport' group, H/Q ratio p = 0.08). These effects remained significant (p < 0.001) only for the 'gym' group during the 1-year and 2-year follow-up. Our data indicate that 2-year sustainability of acute rehabilitation starter effects was demonstrated especially for patients with adherence and compliance to long-term gym based exercises.

Sustainability and perceptual responses during handgrip holds to failure at two fatigue thresholds.

Critical force (CF) provides an estimate of the asymptote of the force-duration curve and the physical working capacity at the rating of perceived exertion (PWCRPE) estimates the highest force that can be sustained without an increase in perceived exertion. Handgrip-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries derived from sustained or repetitive motion-induced muscle fatigue are prevalent in the industrial workforce. Thus, it is important to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying performance during handgrip specific tasks to describe individual work capacities. This study examined prolonged, isometric, handgrip exercises by comparing the relative force levels, sustainability, and perceptual responses at two fatigue thresholds, CF and PWCRPE. Ten women (26.5 ± 3.5years) performed submaximal, isometric handgrip holds to failure (HTF) with the dominant hand at four, randomly ordered percentages (30, 40, 50, and 60%) of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force to determine CF and PWCRPE. Isometric handgrip HTF were performed at CF and PWCRPE. Time to task failure and RPE responses were recorded. There were no differences in the relative forces (p = 0.381) or sustainability (p = 0.390) between CF (18.9 ± 2.5% MVIC; 10.1 ± 2.7min) and PWCRPE (19.5 ± 7.9% MVIC; 11.6 ± 8.4min), and the RPE increased throughout both holds at CF and PWCRPE. It is possible that complex physio-psychological factors may have contributed to the fatigue-induced task failure. CF and PWCRPE may overestimate the highest force output that can be maintained for an extended period of time without fatigue or perceptions of fatigue for isometric handgrip holds.

Main directions of scientific research and implementation of modern information technologies in physical education and sports

In the modern information society, information and communication technologies are rapidly developing and are used in various spheres of human activity. Well-known experts believe that scientific, industrial, business and educational technologies, as well as arts and sports technologies, are based on information systems. Therefore, issues related to the use of modern information and communication technologies in physical culture and sports and further research of this problem are very relevant. The purpose of the study is to systematize the main directions of using modern information technologies in the field of physical culture and sports.&#x0D; It was established that the concept of «information system» can have a broad and narrow interpretation. In a broad sense, it covers the technical, software and organizational support and personnel created to provide users with the information they need. In a narrow sense, an information system is a collection of information contained in databases and providing its processing by information technologies and technical means.&#x0D; The analysis of literary sources showed that the use of information technologies is of great importance for improving the training process and achieving better results in sports. Scientists from different countries are actively developing programs and technologies for collecting and analyzing training data, using various tools for recording and analyzing biomechanical parameters and data visualization. Systems for testing the physical condition and working capacity of athletes are also being developed. The use of such technologies can contribute to the development of domestic information technology systems for sports and recreation. It has been established that in the field of physical culture and sports it is possible to use information systems in the following areas: managerial, organizational and research activities; maintenance of sports competitions; sports training and training of athletes; informational and methodological support and management of the educational process in educational institutions and sports organizations; health physical culture; monitoring of physical condition, health and environment; psychodiagnostics in sports.

Conceptual development of an intensive exercise program for glioma patients (ActiNO): summary of clinical experience

PurposeExercise proved to reduce cancer-related symptoms and prolong survival in some cancer types. However, brain tumor patients are often advised against strenuous exercise. Here, we summarize our experience with a submaximal exercise program for glioma patients: ActiNO (Active in Neuro-Oncology).MethodsGlioma patients were invited to participate in the program. Since 2011, a sports scientist individualized two one-hour sessions per week adapted to the patients’ symptoms. One session consisted of bicycle ergometry (average workload: 75% of maximum heart rate), the other of whole-body resistance training. Both sessions were further complimented by coordinative elements. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the ”Physical Work Capacity” procedure. Patients were followed up regularly to assess adherence to the program and disease activity.ResultsUntil December 2019, 45 glioma patients, median-aged 49 years (IQR 42–59), were included in the analysis. Most patients suffered from glioblastoma (58%), followed by diffuse lower-grade astrocytoma (29%). In overall 1828 training sessions, two minor epileptic events occurred (1 speech arrest; 1 focal seizure). During fitness assessment, all patients achieved at least 75% of their age-adjusted maximum heart rate. Peak workload averaged 172 W (95% CI 156–187). Median survival of participating glioblastoma patients was 24.1 months (95% CI 8.6–39.5).ConclusionThis supervised training program with submaximal exertion was feasible and safe in glioma regardless of WHO grading. Based on these experiences, we initiated a prospective multicenter study to objectify improvements in physical performance and quality of life in patients with glioblastoma.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ В СТУДЕНТІВ МОТИВАЦІЇ В ОСВІТНІЙ СФЕРІ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ТА СПОРТУ

The article examines the topic of the influence of motivation on students in the field of physical education and sports. The basis of any activity is motivation, because a person's interest, activity, purposefulness, focus on satisfying one's needs, and determination of life orientation depend on it. Motivation usually means the process of inducing activity to achieve a set goal. In connection with the fact that the goal of higher professional education is the training of highly qualified specialists, competitive on the labor market, working in their specialty, the requirements for high quality education, both for the system as a whole and for the level of teaching activity, in particular, are increasing. The obtained data reveal the structure of students' motivation and indicate the need to intervene in the process of its formation. Physical education is a special process that concerns the biological, social, and psychological activity of an individual. The traditional way of mastering the values of physical culture with the priority of physical training, aimed at the implementation of unified program credit standards, is only the basis for the formation of the entire system of values of physical culture, which are far from being exhausted only by the physical conditions of a young person and represent unity in the development of the spiritual and physical spheres. Motivation for physical activity is a special state of personality aimed at achieving an optimal level of physical fitness and work capacity. The process of forming interest in physical education and sports is a multi-stage process: from the first elementary hygienic knowledge and skills to deep psychophysiological knowledge of the theory and methods of physical education and intensive sports. The success of students in physical education in higher education depends on the effectiveness of organized classes starting from the 1st year. With this in mind, it can be argued that motivation for students is the most effective way to improve the learning process. Motives are the driving forces of the learning process in mastering the material. Key words: motivation, motivational factors, educational activity, physical culture, sport.

P432 Physical working capacity and health-related quality of life in adolescents and adult people with cystic fibrosis in Sweden

P432 Physical working capacity and health-related quality of life in adolescents and adult people with cystic fibrosis in Sweden

Monitoring of individual determinants of physical performance to submaximal load of men of different age groups during aging

The article presents the monitoring of individual determinants of physical capacity of men of different age groups during aging. The purpose of our study was to find out the individual determinants of physical performance and adaptation of the cardiovascular system to submaximal physical exertion in men of different age groups. 86 men took part in the experimental study, namely: 1st age group: 18-19 years old (n=30); 2nd age group: 60-71 years old (n=31); 3rd age group: 72-76 years old. (n = 25). Physical capacity was determined according to the generally accepted method with the calculation of the absolute and relative values of PWC170 according to the submaximal age level. It has been established that submaximal physical capacity in men likely decreases with aging. It was analyzed that the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to submaximal physical activity worsens with aging. It has been proven that the quantitative determination of physical capacity for most indicators probably correlates with the age of men, so it can be used to estimate the biological age during aging of the body. The correlation coefficients of individual determinants of physical working capacity with chronological age were analyzed by the method of pair correlation, namely: absolute physical working capacity in kgm/min WC1 (r=-0.95), relative physical working capacity in kgm/min/kg WC2 (r= -0.93), and indicators obtained at the height of the submaximal load HR per minute. (r=-0.87), systolic blood pressure in mm Hg. (r=+0.22); diastolic blood pressure in mm Hg (r=+0.28), which are consistent with the results of other authors. It has been proven that physical performance is a tool for assessing changes in the body's adaptive capabilities, which reflects the cardiovascular aspect of health.&#x0D; It is substantiated that individual determinants of physical capacity are necessary for modeling physical load tolerance, prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, evaluation of effectiveness for the selection of rehabilitation programs for men of target groups.

Vitamin D Supplementation as a Probable Measure to Alleviate Musculoskeletal Pain, Prevent Infection and Enhance Physical Ability among Indian Adults from Urban Low Socioeconomic Backgrounds: An Observational Study

Problem Considered: Vitamin D deficiency is a global concern that needs significant attention. This observational study reports the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on general body aches, frequency of infection, and energy levels among Indian adults. Methods: This study included 508 adults aged 19–89 years old from low socioeconomic backgrounds who were given Vitamin D supplements for 4 months. The severity of musculoskeletal symptoms, frequency of infection or its symptoms, and perceived energy levels of the participants before and after the exposure were measured using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively for the frequencies, and a Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the impact of Vitamin D on the variables studied. Results: The majority of the participants were female (82.3%) and were never exposed to Vitamin D supplementation earlier (84%). Nearly 65% of the participants were either homemakers, students, unemployed, or retired. Vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with the reduction in back pain (P &lt; 0.001), fatigue and body pain (P &lt; 0.001), knee pain (P &lt; 0.001), and pain in the hands and legs (P &lt; 0.001). Vitamin D also significantly reduced the frequency of infection and/or its symptoms (P &lt; 0.001) and improved physical work capacity (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation for urban low socioeconomic groups may be beneficial as it can reduce the pain, frequency of infection and improve general well-being. The limitations of this study, such as the lack of a nonexposed group and data on the Vitamin D status of the participants, warrant consideration in future studies.

THE INFLUENCE OF DOSED PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON INDICATORS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF PERSONS WHO HAVE LOST LIMBS

The study of the reaction of the cardiovascular system of persons with amputation of the lower limbs at different levels at the initial stage of the application of physical rehabilitation and dosed veloergometric load with the execution of pedal rotation with the upper limbs. Material. In the course of the study, theoretical analysis and generalization of data from the scientific and methodological literature on issues related to the use of physical therapy in people after amputation of the lower limbs, variation pulsometry, determination of maximum oxygen absorption, measurement of blood pressure, dosed veloergometric load with the execution of pedal rotation of the upper limbs were used. Results. The analysis of modern scientific and methodological literature made it possible to consider the actual problem of scientifically based selection of rehabilitation measures to determine the amount of physical exertion for persons at the initial stage (post-hospital period) of the use of physical therapy means, depending on the level of amputation of the lower limbs and the reaction of the cardiovascular system to the performance of dosed cycle ergometric exercise load and control of their influence on hemodynamic indicators. The level of physical working capacity, the reaction of the cardiovascular system and the level of physical working capacity of persons with amputation of the lower limbs at different levels by means of dosed veloergometric load with the use of the upper limbs at the initial stage (post-hospital period) were studied, which are decisive in the individual appointment of the movement regime, the formation of the volume and intensity of physical exertion, selection of appropriate forms, methods and means of physical therapy. Conclusions. The applied adequate research methods made it possible to reveal the dependence of the reaction of the indicators of heart rate, blood pressure and maximum oxygen absorption on the amount of dosed veloergometric load depending on the localization, volume and level of amputation of the lower limbs, which will allow the application of a motor mode adequate to the functional state, the intensity of physical exercises, forms, methods and means of physical therapy for persons with different levels of amputation of the lower limbs.

Аmelioration by phytoadaptogene of effects of balneofactors of Truskavets’ Spa on patients with post-radiation encephalopathy

Background. We have previously explored effects of Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and biophotonics in humans with maladaptation. It is known that in patients with post-radiation encephalopathy the reaction to some stimuli is significantly changed, therefore it needs correction. The purpose of this study is to test the ability of this phytocomposition to amelioration the effects of standard balneotherapeutic complex in patients with post-radiation encephalopathy. Material and methods. The research was carried out through a retrospective analysis of the database of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology, which remained unpublished. The object of observation in 1997 were 19 men and 3 women with urate urolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis who were exposed to pathogenic factors of the accident at the Chоrnobylian nuclear power plant during the liquidation of its consequences in 1986-87. The survey was conducted twice: on admission and after two weeks of rehabilitation in sanatorium “Perlyna Prykarpattya” (Truskavets’ Spa). 11 patients received standard balneotherapy while the other 11 patients additionally received the phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’”. According to the protocol, blood pressure, routine hematological and biochemical blood parameters were determined. In addition, physical working capacity (PWC150) as well as EEG, heart rate variability (HRV) and immunity parameters were determined. Results. Standard balneotherapy increases the decreased level of T-helper lymphocytes, but further decreases the level of B-lymphocytes, glomerular filtration rate and PWC150, in combination with increased normal levels of blood creatinine and urea, as well as decreased levels of diastolic BP and heart rate. This is accompanied by a further increase in the sympathetic tone and the leveling of the increased of ULF band HRV as marker of level in the plasma of catecholamines and glucocorticoids. Additional use of phytocomposition limits the adverse effects of standard balneotherapy by modulating EEG and HRV parameters. Conclusion. Phytocomposition "Balm Truskavets'" by modulating the parameters of the nervous system limits the adverse effects of standard balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ Spa in patients with post-radiation encephalopathy.

New Pharmacological Approach to Improvement of Quality of Life of Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting through Stimulation of Neoangiogenesis

INTRODUCTION: Despite the increased volume of rendered high-tech assistance and objective improvement of the condition of the majority of operated patients, the parameters of physical activity and working capacity in this category of patients remain low.&#x0D; AIM: To study the effect of 5-oxymethyluracil with angiogenic properties on the quality of life of patients in the early and long-term period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The randomized prospective study included two groups of patients: the main group (n = 87) which in the perioperative period of CABG (5 days before and 14 days after surgery), in addition to standard therapy, received the drug 5-oxymethyluracil), and the control group (n = 81) which received standard therapy. The groups were comparable in gender, age, basic clinical and functional characteristics and peculiarities of surgical intervention. The quality of life of patients was determined by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) before CABG surgery (upon admission to the vascular surgery department) and after surgery (after 2 months and 1618 years). There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative parameters of quality of life in the control and main groups.&#x0D; RESULTS: In the long-term period of surgical revascularization of the myocardium (1618 years after the operation) the severity of angina according to SAQ was: in the control group 33.30 (20.00-60.00), in the main group 60.00 (33.30-70.00; р = 0.0407). Other scales of SAQ, including physical activity, stability of anginal course, satisfaction with treatment and perception of the disease, did not demonstrate any differences between the studied groups in 2 months or 1618 years after CABG.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Perioperative use of 5-oxymethyluracil influenced the improvement of only one parameter of quality of life according to the SAQ questionnaire the severity of angina, with statistically significant differences between the groups in the long-term period of CABG (1618 years after surgery). According to SAQ questionnaire, there was no effect on the remaining parameters of the quality of life with the underlying perioperative use of the studied drug in all follow-up periods.

Listening to Music Pretask on Neuromuscular Fatigue During Exercise: Preferred vs. Nonpreferred Music.

Diehl, TL, Yu, JN, Storer, FM, and Malek, MH. Listening to music pretask on neuromuscular fatigue during exercise: preferred vs. nonpreferred music. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1537-1542, 2023-Studies indicate that listening to music can elicit various physiological responses ranging from distracting the subject from the sensation of fatigue to changes in specific regions of the brain. Indeed, the use of music, as an ergogenic aid, to improve human performance has been shown to be a powerful tool. Many studies on the effect of music on human performance have had subjects listen to music in-task (i.e., during the activity). There is, however, a growing interest to determine the role of listening to music pretask (i.e., before the activity) on exercise outcomes. In addition, it is important to consider the subject's music preference as that may influence the target outcome variable(s). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether listening to preferred music pretask influences the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC FT ). We hypothesized that listening to preferred music pretask will increase the estimated PWC FT compared with the control condition, which is listening to nonpreferred music. Nine healthy college-aged men (mean ± SEM : age, 23.4 ± 0.4 years; body mass, 71.6 ± 2.5 kg; and height, 1.81 ± 0.02 m) volunteered for this study. Each subject visited the laboratory on 2 occasions separated by 7 days. In a randomized manner, subjects listened to their preferred music for 30 minutes before the exercise test for 1 visit, whereas for the other visit, subjects listened to their nonpreferred music 30 minutes before the exercise test. Exercise outcomes were recorded for both visits and analyzed using a paired-samples t test. The results indicated no significant ( p > 0.05) mean differences for maximal power output (mean ± SEM : 60 ± 4 W vs. 60 ± 4 W), PWC FT (25 ± 3 W vs. 29 ± 2 W), or heart rate at end exercise (153 ± 8 b·min -1 vs. 155 ± 7 b·min -1 ) between listening to nonpreferred vs. preferred music 30 minutes before the exercise activity. These findings suggest that listening to music pretask does not influence neuromuscular fatigue during the exercise workbout.

Evaluation of the Impact of Nutrition Knowledge on Nutrition Behaviour and Diet in a Physically Active Person’s Cohort

Abstract Specific high physical and psychological load energy expenditure should be covered by balanced diet that is adapted to physical load. Food intake is one of the vital processes that support body activity and maintain physical working capacity in special environment. Various objective and subjective factors have an impact on body energy expenditure and determine a definite amount of food energy. Dietary intake influences the readiness and training performance outcome. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diet of physically active persons before and after a nutritional education course and determine the impact of nutrition knowledge on nutrition behaviour and diet in two subgroups: respondents with a standard BMI level (BMI &lt; 25, in the interval 18.5–24.9) and overweight respondents with BMI ³ 25, in the interval 25.0–29.9. Participants aged 22–35 years, who had daily physical activity and physical load, were selected for the study group. We divided respondents into two subgroups: respondents with standard BMI level (BMI &lt; 25; BMI in the interval 18.5–24.9) and overweight respondents with BMI ³ 25 (BMI in the interval 25.0–29.9). Nutritional education course included the theoretical part (lectures) and practical part (dietary diary self-assessment) as well as a quiz that allow to evaluate nutrition knowledge level in the selected cohort of respondents with BMI &lt; 25 and BMI ³ 25. We provided intervention before and after a nutritional education course by using the standardised questionnaire “Diet 3-day menu diary” and standardised survey “Physical activity during the current life period”, which allowed to evaluate the balance between the daily intake for energy recovery and daily physical activity as energy expenditure. We determined the value of the main dietary components (protein (%), carbohydrates (%) and fat (%), as well the total amount of energy (kcal) in the diet before the nutritional education course (Diet 1st) and after the nutritional education course (Diet 2nd) in the selected cohort of respondents with BMI &lt; 25 and BMI ³ 25. The study group participants preferred a diet with a higher amount of fat and lower amount of carbohydrates compared with nutritional recommendation for general population. There were no significant differences in Diet 1st components between overweight and standard BMI groups. Analysis of post-course (Diet 2nd) dietary diary showed a statistically exact significance of fat level (%) and carbohydrate level (%), and no statistically approved changes in protein level (%) intake. Nutritional knowledge of the study group participants after the nutritional education course was evaluated by using a standardised test in points (1–10), which showed that about 60% of the respondents received an assessment “good”. The results of the study can be used to develop optimal diet planning during the pre-training period before planning physical exercises with high physical and psycho-emotional load, in order to benefit physical exercise performance.

Monitoring the state of health of first-year female students of NUPh in the 2018-2021 academic years

The purpose of this research is to compare and determine the level of health of first-year female students of NUPh in the 2018-2021 academic years.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: the research involved 528 first-year female students of National University of Pharmacy (the year of entry 2018 (n=311); the year of entry 2019 (n=107); the year of entry 2020 (n=60); the year of entry 2021 (n=50)). Anthropometric parameters (body weight, standing height, hand muscle strength), physiological parameters (vital capacity of the lungs (VCL), heart rate (HR)) were determined during the examination. Functional breath-holding tests (the Stange and Hench tests) were performed, the level of physical health was determined by the method of Pyrohova, O.A., the express assessment of the level of somatic health was determined by the method of Apanasenko, H.A., and the method of assessing physical work capacity using the Ruffier test was performed. Descriptive statistics were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The comparison of average values of variable indicators was carried out using parametric methods (Student’s t-test) with the normal distribution of these signs expressed in the interval scale. All calculations were performed in StatSoft Statistica 8.1 for Windows.&#x0D; Results: the data obtained in the course of the research allow us to state that the indicators of the Ruffier index are at “satisfactory” (14,1±0,3) and “average” levels (7,5±1,1). The somatic health indicator was also at the “below average” level in 2018 (4 points), it was at the “average” level (7 points) in 2019, and in 2020 and 2021, this indicator was already at the “above average” level (14 and 13 points, respectively). The level of physical health was also at the “average” level in 2018 (0,560), and in 2021 it was at the “above average” level (0,697).&#x0D; Conclusions: the conducted research showed that the somatic health and physical state of first-year female students of NUPh were improving from year to year (starting from 2018), which is reflected in the health level indicator according to the method of Pyrohova, O.A. and Apanasenko, H.A., the Ruffier index, and the results of the Stange and Hench tests. The Romberg test was within the normal range. The obtained results create broad prospects for their involvement in physical culture and sports activities.

Positive impacts of leisure-time physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness, co-morbidity level, cardiovascular health and quality of life among midlife adults: a cross-sectional study of a Nigerian population

BackgroundRegular physical activity (PA) improves general health and quality of life (QoL) of the general population. It is however not known if leisure-time PA (LTPA) behaviour will reduce co-morbidity and adiposity, and improve cardiorespiratory fitness and QoL in midlife men. This study explored the impacts of regular LTPA behaviour on co-morbidity, adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness and QoL among male midlife sports club members in a Nigerian population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 174 age-matched male midlife adults: 87 engaging in LTPA (LTPA group) and 87 not engaging in LTPA (non-LTPA group). Information on age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), resting heart rate (RHR), QoL and co-morbidity level was collected using standardized procedures. Data were summarized using mean and standard deviation, and explored using frequency and proportion. Independent t-test, Chi Square and Mann–Whitney U test were employed to determine the impacts of LTPA at 0.05 significance level.ResultsThe LTPA group had lower co-morbidity score (p = 0.05) and RHR (p = 0.004), and higher QoL (p = 0.01) and VO2max (p = 0.003) than non-LTPA group. While heart disease (χ2 = 10.99; p = 0.01) and hypertension (χ2 = 15.24; p = 0.004) severity levels were associated with LTPA behaviour, hypertension (p = 0.01) was the only co-morbid condition that had a significantly lower score in the LTPA group than in the non-LTPA group.ConclusionsRegular LTPA improves cardiovascular health, physical work capacity and QoL in the sample of Nigerian mid-life men. Regular LTPA behaviour is recommended for cardiovascular health promotion, and improved physical work capacity and life satisfaction in midlife men.

Динаміка показників загальної фізичної підготовленості кваліфікованих армспортсменів

Purpose: article consisted in the study of the dynamics of indicators of general physical fitness among qualified arm sportsmen. Material and methods. Qualified arm wrestlers participating in the arm sports sections in the fitness centers «Tetra», «TRX», «Pheromon» in Kharkov, as well as in the arm sports federation of the Kharkiv region participated in this study. 25 qualified athletes (19-21 years old) of average weight categories (of 70-80 kilograms) who specialize in arm wrestling were involved in the experiment. The study was conducted during the annual macrocycle in a two-year period from 19 to 20 years and 20 to 21 years. Qualified armwrestlers trained according to the classic program developed for the Youth Sports Academy. Results: for absolute values of general physical work capacity of the tested persons, the increase during the whole two-year period was established. However, the value of relative intensity of increase of absolute values of general physical work capacity at the stages of observations is different. Thus, the results of comparison of indicators of a run on 100 m in the period from 19 to 20 years old made (t=1,11; p&gt;0,05), from 20 to 21 years old (t=1,06; p&gt;0,05), for all time of researches the result (t=1,94; p&gt;0,05), low results testify that a run on 100 m is not a specific exercise for armwrestlers. Comparison of results of long jumps from a place: from 19 to 20 years old (t=0,99; p&gt;0,05), from 20 to 21 years old less significant changes (t=0,89; p&gt;0,05), for two years made (t=2,25; p&lt;0,05) that is a reliably better result and testifies that jumping exercises are not specific for armwrestling. In a pull-up on a crossbar from 19 to 20 years old (t=1,35; p&gt;0,05), from 20 to 21 years old (t=0,94; p&gt;0,05), for two years (t=2,33; p&lt;0,05), it is the best indicator and testifies that armwrestlers have well-developed muscles of the upper extremities which in turn influence on correctness of the exercise of pulling up on a crossbar. Comparison of results of bending and extension of hands in a support lying on a floor made from 19 to 20 years old (t=1,00; p&gt;0,05), from 20 to 21 years old more significant changes were received (t=1,92; p&gt;0,05), and for two years the result made (t=2,66; p&lt;0,05) that is a reliably better result. Comparison of results of a lunge on a crossbar, arms bent at an angle of 90 degrees, made from 19 to 20 years old (t=2,02; p&gt;0,05), in the following year from 20 to 21 years old the significant increase in reliability in results (t=2,29; p&lt;0,05) was received. In two years the increase of result was (t=4,75; p&lt;0,001) that is a high reliable result and testifies that static exercises for armwrestling are the main and they need to be improved from year to year. Conclusions. The revealed differences in the intensity of growth of physical development indicators over the two-year observation period reflect unevenness. Even in such a relatively short period of time (two years) there is a noticeable difference in the intensity of growth of most of the studied indicators of physical development. Thus, the results which characterize age dynamics of indicators of the general physical fitness of skilled armwrestlers of 19-21 years old, testify that the greatest rates of growth on all indicators are observed during three years of training, but only from 19 to 21 years old indicators were reliable, however the value of relative intensity of growth of absolute values of the general physical work capacity at stages of observations is different.

STUDY OF MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES UNDER MARTIAL LAW

It is known that students are representatives of the main labor reserve of our country, they will become parents, and their health and well-being are a guarantee of the health and well-being of the entire nation. Since physical education classes have the most effective effect on improving the psycho-emotional state, health, and physical fitness, we analyzed the motivational aspects and attitude of higher education students to physical education classes. It was revealed that the level of motivation among students of higher education institutions has significantly decreased since the beginning of the war. One of the main reasons is depressed mood, reluctance to study, due to the events that are happening in our crane. Therefore, updated approaches to conducting physical education classes, taking into account the realities of today, will have an impact on the positive solution of the specified problem.&#x0D; Motivation for physical activity is a special state of the individual, which aims to achieve the optimal level of physical fitness and work capacity. The process of forming an interest in physical education and sports is not an instant, but a multi- component process: from the first elementary hygienic knowledge and skills to deep psychophysiological knowledge of the theory and methods of physical education and intensive sports. A very important component is the stimulation and encouragement of sports not only during the educational process, but also during recreation. Specific pathogenetic factors are risk factors related to the organization of their educational activities: the intensification of the educational process and its existing organization, based on the predominance of static loads, which contribute to the artificial reduction of the amount of motor activity of students.

Assessing climate risk using ensembles: A novel framework for applying and extending open-source climate risk assessment platforms

Climate change adaptation decisions often require the consideration of risk rather than the environmental hazard alone. One approach for quantifying risk is to use a risk assessment framework which combines information about hazard, exposure and vulnerability to estimate risk in a spatially consistent way. In recent years, publicly available, open-source risk assessment frameworks have been made available, including the CLIMADA platform. Such tools are increasingly being used in combination with ensembles of climate model projections to quantify risk on climate time-scales, presenting the ensemble spread as a measure of climate model uncertainty. As climate models are computationally expensive to run, this quantification of uncertainty derived from the ensemble of projections is often limited by the number of members available. We present a novel framework involving the application and extension of the CLIMADA open-source climate risk assessment platform, demonstrating an approach for overcoming this limitation. We first show how the CLIMADA platform can be applied to an ensemble of UKCP18 regional climate projections to assess climate risk coherently across space in an idealised example for the UK. We then show how a Generalised Additive Model, involving an ‘ensemble member’ random effect term, can be used to statistically represent the climate model ensemble summary of risk and be used to simulate many more realisations of risk, representative of a larger collection of plausible ensemble members. Specifically, we apply the framework to an idealised example related to heat-stress and the associated risk of reduced outdoor physical working capacity in the UK, based on three global warming levels (recent past, 2 °C and 4 °C warmer than pre-industrial). We show how, in this idealised example, in a 2 °C warmer world (relative to pre-industrial), the UK could lose on average 15 million (or 2.5% of) days of outdoor physical work in a working year (225 days) as a result of heat-stress, which could equate to more than £1.5 billion of economic loss (roughly 0.07% of UK annual GDP). The uncertainty quantification provided by the framework allows for an upper range estimate which better quantifies climate model uncertainty. In a 4 °C warmer world this indicates the plausibility of38 million (or 6.2% of) working days lost in a year, possibly equating to more than £3.8 billion of economic loss (roughly 0.17% of UK annual GDP). Finally, we discuss limitations of the approach and recommend a number of extensions and areas of future work.

Quantifying uncertainty and sensitivity in climate risk assessments: Varying hazard, exposure and vulnerability modelling choices

Open-source climate risk assessment platforms allow for accessible and efficient estimation of current and future climate risk by combining information about hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Such assessments require making a number of choices, such as which hazard data source to use, and the data and approach taken to represent the exposure and vulnerability. As these choices are, to some extent, subjective, when assessing risk and informing adaptation decisions, alternative options should be considered to understand the uncertainty and sensitivity of risk to uncertain input data and assumptions. We present a novel approach to quantify the uncertainty and sensitivity of risk estimates, using the CLIMADA open-source climate risk assessment platform. This work builds upon a recently developed extension of CLIMADA, which uses statistical modelling techniques to model and stochastically simulate alternative realisations of climate risk, allowing for a richer quantification of climate model ensemble uncertainty. Here, we further analyse the propagation of hazard, exposure and vulnerability uncertainties by varying a number of input factors based on a discrete, scientifically justified set of options. We explore the uncertainty and sensitivity of risk to these variations, using the PAWN (PiAnosi and WagNer) method for global sensitivity analysis, allowing for an attribution of uncertainty to different drivers of the total uncertainty budget. We demonstrate the approach through an application to assess heat-stress risk to outdoor physical working capacity in the UK. In this application, we demonstrate how the risk estimated across plausible input settings better captures uncertainty and extreme outcomes (important for decision making); that all uncalibrated/non-bias-adjusted climate data sources underestimate risk in the recent past (highlighting the need for data calibration); and that when a global warming level framing is used it is the choice of global warming level that this risk is most sensitive to (2 °C or 4 °C warmer than pre-industrial), particularly in the south of the UK. This highlights the importance of mitigating climate change to reduce heat-stress risk.