Physical Wealth Research Articles

The Cultural Connotation of the Chinese Food

China is a large country with a vast land. There are differences in the climate, products, and customs of different places. For a long time, many flavors have been formed in the diet. In China, there has always been a saying that rice is the main food for people in the south part of china and flour food for north part People, and the taste is divided into several parts, people in the south like sweet dish, salty dish in the north, acid dish in the east and spicy dish in the west.[1] From the perspective of influence, Chinese food culture directly affects Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore and other countries, and is the axis of the eastern food culture circle. At the same time, it also indirectly affects Europe, America, Africa and Oceania. For example, China's vegetarian culture, tea culture, sauces and vinegars, pasta, medicated food, ceramic tableware and soybeans all benefit billions of people around the world. In short, China's food culture is the regional culture with characteristics of long-range, wide-view, deep-level, multi-angle and high-quality; it is the development of food sources, food utensils, Food conditioning, nutrition, health care, and diet aesthetics create, accumulate, and influence the physical and spiritual wealth of neighboring countries and the world.

STUDI ANALISIS HADIS TENTANG MENIKAHI WANITA KARENA EMPAT PERKARA MELALUI PENDEKATAN SOSIOLOGI

Nowadays many people, especially young people, do not really care about religious guidance, including matters of marriage. Most of them only pay attention to things such as the physical condition or wealth of a woman and it is not uncommon for them to no longer consider important things such as heredity and religion of the woman who will become her potential partner. So that there is degradation in the selection of a life partner, thus causing various problems to occur in a household, ranging from disputes that occur because of different opinions or beliefs to domestic violence which will lead to divorce. This paper will explore the meaning contained in the hadith about the four cases of marrying a woman from a social perspective. This research will use the library method through hadith literature and books relating to the hadith. The author also uses a sociological approach in understanding this hadith to gain a new understanding, but not out of the context of the hadith. The results of research from understanding this hadith are that a man who wants to marry a woman and make her his life partner should pay attention to four important things that exist in a woman, namely, her wealth, lineage or lineage, her beauty both physically and morally and her religion. The most important thing to consider in marrying a woman is her religion. Because by practicing religion properly, a sakinah marriage life will be achieved.

Understanding The Phenomenon of Fake Crazy Rich and Fraudulent Investment in Indonesia from the Philosophy of Happiness in Hazrat Inayat Khan’s Sufism

The phenomenon of crazy rich as one of modern materialism and hedonism have poisoned the life of Indonesian’s younger generation in the current millennial era. They have been eroded by worldly pleasures. Tempted by the glamorous and luxurious lifestyle of crazy rich people, they were willing to flaunt the wealth of property that was not yet theirs. Many people have fallen victim to their fraudulent investments in Indonesia. They did it to being able to deceive many people for investing their money in their fraudulent investment businesses. Those who cheated or were cheated have actually been deceived by worldly pleasures. What they got were not real happiness, but fake happiness and even the misery and humiliation of life. This phenomenon is interesting to read from the perspective of Inayat Khan’s philosophy of happiness in his Sufism. Inayat Khan differentiates happiness from pleasure. The first term refers to a true happiness, while the second one refers to a pseudo happiness. The relationship between pleasure and happiness is that of falsehood and trueness. His conception is relevant to be used as a theoretical framework to analyse the phenomenon of fake crazy rich and fraud investment in Indonesia. The phenomenon shows the preference of young Indonesians to pursue the material and physical wealth as a measure of a successful life by all means, both good and bad. This, from the viewpoint of Inayat Khan’s philosophy of happiness, is a false fulfilment of life satisfaction.

Linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content of the Russian version of the module of gastrointestinal symptoms of the PedsQL<sup>™</sup> questionnaire for pediatric patients

Background. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) is a person’s perception of the effect of a disease on physical, social and psychological functioning and wealth. Questionnaires that help assess the HRQL can give a concept of child’s state, identify arcane issues and they are of great importance for a full understanding of how the state of health affects the child. Universal HRQL tools allow to compare results with general parameters, indicators with specific symptoms better reflect clinically significant moments. The most widespread in the Russian Federation was the general PedsQLTM 4.0 questionnaire, widely used in practice to assess HRQL in children with various pathologies. Objective.The aim of the study is to describe the analysis of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content of the Russian version of the module of gastrointestinal symptoms of the PedsQLTM questionnaire, measuring HRQL, in children with gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs).Materials and methods. The establishment of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content was carried out according to international standards. The process included forward translation, scientific assessment and coordination, reverse translation, verification of the reverse translation and interviews with 17 children aged 5–18 years with symptoms of GIDs and 20 parents of children with symptoms of GIDs aged 2–18 years.Results. The Russian version of PedsQLTM module of gastrointestinal symptoms (report from children 5-18 years old, report from parents for children 2–18 years old) was developed without significant difficulties. Eight questions required discussion after the forward translation, one change was made after the reverse translation, and three changes were made after the study of the symptom’s module by patients and parents.Conclusion. A conceptually equivalent version of the of PedsQLTM module of gastrointestinal symptoms in Russian has been developed for children aged 2–18 years. It allows to improve the assessment of HRQL in children with GIDs in the Russian Federation. To assess authenticity and reliability of the Russian version of the module, it’s recommended to conduct further research using a larger sample

Functionality Of Religious Education In The Development Of The Sense Of Self-Worth

The feeling of self-worth is an important emotion that supports individuals to accept themselves and their abilities, to value and be realistic about themselves. Today, the lives presented in traditional media and social media and the envy for those lives are increasing, and especially the beauty standards, wealthy lives, positions, prestiges revealed by influencers on social media lead individuals to compare their own lives with those lives and deprive their individual originality and freedom. People who base their self-worth on external sources such as physical appearance, academic success, wealth and prestige cannot protect their inner integrity and can become depressed. On the other hand, it is known that people who take their self-worth from their inner resources live more peacefully, do not see themselves as worthless in negative situations and focus on solving problems in negative situations. Studies show that when the sense of self-worth is built well, individuals are more objective and understanding towards themselves and solve problems more easily. Religious education guides individuals to plan their world and afterlife and to well use what they have innately. In this study, self-worth, virtualization and construction of self-worth, the functionality of religious education in constructing self-worth is explained.

Modeling the effects of physical activity, education, health, and subjective wealth on happiness based on Indonesian national survey data

BackgroundStudies on physical activity’s psychological benefits are generally fewer than those on its physiological benefits, and these limited studies have mostly investigated its impact on cognitive functions. Studies exclusively investigating physical activity’s effects on happiness are rare. This study aims to investigate the effect of physical activity on psychological functions, especially on happiness.MethodsAnalysis was based on a large field of nationally representative Indonesian adult data. Data were compiled based on face-to-face interviews with 12,051 adults. Participants provided measures of physical activity, subjective health, and happiness, and responses were recorded with computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software. Demographic data, including gender, subjective wealth, education, and age, were also included in the analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to determine the relationship between physical activity, health, subjective wealth, and happiness.ResultsThe tested model of the association between physical activity, health, subjective wealth, and happiness indicated a good fit, based on χ2 (1, n = 12,051) = 48.733, p = .001, RMSEA = .063, and CFI = .97. Path analysis results showed that health conditions mediated the effects of physical activity on happiness. The result also showed positive effects of education level and subjective wealth on happiness.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that engagement in physical activity has a positive impact on happiness. Indonesian adults should engage in more active lifestyles since more than one-third of Indonesians did not get enough physical activity.

The associations of physical incapacity and wealth with remaining in paid employment after age 60 in five middle-income and high-income countries.

Previous studies on health and socioeconomic determinants of later-life labour force participation have mainly come from high-income European countries and the United States of America (USA). Findings vary between studies due to different measures of socioeconomic status and labour force outcomes. This study investigated longitudinal associations of physical incapacity and wealth with remaining in paid employment after age 60 in middle- and high-income countries. Using harmonised cohort data in the USA, England, Japan, Mexico and China (N=32,132), multilevel logistic regression was applied for main associations. The age-related probabilities of remaining in paid employment by physical incapacity and wealth were estimated using marginal effects. This study found that physical incapacity predicted lower odds of remaining in paid employment in each country. Wealth was associated with higher odds of remaining in paid employment in the USA, England, and Japan, but not in Mexico. Probabilities of remaining in paid employment were high in Mexico but low in China. The absolute difference in the probability of remaining in paid employment between the richest and the poorest groups was greater in the USA than that in any other country. In the USA, England and Japan, the inverse association between physical incapacity and remaining in paid employment could be partially compensated by wealth only when physical incapacity was not severe. National policies, including considering older adults' changing capacities for job placement and prioritising the provision of supportive services for socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults, developing pathways for informal workers to access social security and pension coverage, and encouraging employers to hire socioeconomically disadvantaged older workers and enhancing their employability, could be facilitated. Future studies, such as exploring health and socioeconomic determinants of remaining in part-time and full-time paid employment separately in more countries, and the moderating effects of relevant policies on these associations, are needed.

Existence of Sobokartti Building as A Physical Culture in Semarang City in Law Anthropology Approach

Physical culture can be understood as objects created by human beings which are an embodiment of the growth and development of cultural values ​​in a particular society, in the form of buildings that have been designated as cultural heritage buildings in the city of Semarang. The building is the Semarang Sobokartti building on Jalan Dr. Cipto Semarang, which is a reflection of the development of humans to always preserve culture both Javanese culture and western or European culture
 The approach used in this research is an empirical approach and a comparative approach to law anthropology. In an empirical approach, the sobokartti building is a physical culture which is a historic building that accommodates traditional arts which are closely related to Javanese culture, namely karawitan training, puppetry routine, puppetry courses, host courses, dancing courses and batik training. It should be appreciated because the community can maintain its preservation until now by showing the existence of Javanese culture with a love for culture that deserves to be preserved and for the nation's successor generation. Likewise with a comparative approach, it is said that the existence of physical culture in the sobokartti building is expected by the government to have regulations on cultural heritage objects, namely historic buildings or ancient buildings of the Sobokartti Semarang building as outlined in the Cultural Heritage Law No. 11 of 2010 to protect cultural heritage buildings with the aim of preserving, utilizing, and maintaining the beauty of a cultural heritage building Sobokartti Semarang.
 Suggestions that will be used in this research that is the role of the Government and Society to maintain physical cultural wealth should be developed by the nation's next generation, with the utilization of the Sobokartti building can provide sustainable use. So that, the Government and the community have the desire to protect and preserve the function of the Sobokartti Semarang building.

Health, Wealth, and Voting Trajectories in Later Life.

ObjectivesMuch of what we know about voting behaviors is based on cross-sectional comparisons of voters at different ages. This study draws on a unique linkage between the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and state voter files to characterize voting trajectories in later life and explore their determinants.MethodsUsing sequence analysis, we identify 5 voting typologies based on turnout and voting methods over 8 biennial elections. Using multinomial logistic and Poisson regressions, we examine the role of physical, cognitive, and mental health and wealth in shaping enfranchisement and civic participation at older ages.ResultsHealth and wealth are both positively associated with voter turnout, but the negative impact of poor health on voting declines with increasing wealth. Voting at the polls and early voting are more common among healthier older adults, whereas absentee voting is more common among older voters who are more affluent, less healthy, or both. Among those less wealthy, absentee methods mitigate the impact of poor health for previously active voters, but do not compensate for a lower turnout rate. In addition to physical and cognitive limitations, emotional difficulties and depression reduce turnout, particularly among the least wealthy.DiscussionIn this sample of older, largely White, primarily Midwestern committed voters, civic participation at older ages is shaped by individual experiences with wealth and health across the life course as well as political structures that facilitate or restrict the ability of individuals to consistently participate in elections.

Opening the black box of economic processes: Ecological Economics from its biophysical foundation to a sustainable economic institution

The roots of Ecological Economics can be found at the very beginning of Classical Economics, where physical wellbeing was the object of research, instead of the allocation of resources. Although Neoclassical Economics abandoned this objective early on, other efforts to study the biophysical foundations of the economic processes persisted and were inherited by modern Ecological economists. The fundamental difference between Ecological Economic theory and Neoclassical Economic theory is that, Ecological economists attempt to open the black box of economic processes with modern scientific tools, while Neoclassical economists expand the black box without interest in the mechanisms inside. However, in the current Ecological Economics framework, the social sphere of discussion is dominated by translated mainstream versions of Ecological Economics, rather than its original biophysical form. In the next stage of its evolution, Ecological Economics must address such inconsistencies to provide institutional insights based on the biophysical foundations of the subject, to fully open the black box of how human society extracts material and energy from the ecosystem, transforms them into physical wealth, and distributes that physical wealth. Also it must provide policy implications on how to carve out a sustainable economic institution.

Religion and Human Security: The Christian Perspective

The prevalent security problems the modern state faces justify the current theme for discussion. In the academic circle such that we are witnessing, security or the state of being secured is a necessity for every human being and indeed every living organism. Each organization or group endeavours to provide security for its members be it financial, position, situation, moral, spiritual etc. Security is the most pertinent of all national priorities and plans. However, security as a national programme is not exactly the same in the religious sphere, especially in Christianity. This does not mean that security in Christianity completely runs a parallel line with the security of the nation. In times past people’s values were based upon traditional religion and moral principles. However, things are changing fast and despite the proliferation of churches all over the country, values are changing and much emphasis are now placed on the accumulation of physical wealth, injustice, corruption and very high competitive society with lesser religious values and principles especially Christian principles. These have greatly affected the people to the detriment of traditional moral values, resulting in insecurity and peace in our society. The study made use of analytical method for its findings.

Portrayal of Masculinity in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart

The paper investigates the construction and representation of masculinity in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. The study digs underneath the structure and tradition of Igbo culture which celebrates the customs centered on male dominance. The protagonist, Okonkwo turns to be the major focus of study who tries to maintain all the traits of masculinity with strict application. His extreme ‘macho man’ life rejects any practice which might associate him with his father. The text offers the motives behind Okonkwo’s sheer concern regarding preservation of male dominance. Achebe’s narrative of Okonkwo’s character associating description of physical power, wealth, authority and violence portrays the masculinity in Things Fall Apart. The description of wrestling, battles, yam feasts or Clan meeting upholds the supremacy of males sending all other ideals to the periphery.

Education, Income, Wealth Inequality and Business Cycles in a General Equilibrium Growth Model

The paper is concerned with the dynamic interactions between physical capital, human capital, income and wealth inequalities between different households with government subsidy to education. It generalizes the endogenous growth model of a small-open economy proposed by Zhang (2016). Zhang’s paper deals with income and wealth inequalities between heterogeneous households with government subsidy to education. The paper makes a contribution to the literature of economic growth with endogenous education by integrating Solow-Uzawa’s neoclassical growth theory, Uzawa-Lucas model, Arrow’s learning by doing, Zhang’s creative leisure, and Walrasian general equilibrium theory. The model treats endogenous capital and human capital accumulation as the main engines of economic growth. This study generalizes Zhang’s model by allowing constant coefficients to be time-dependent. We simulate the generalized model to demonstrate existence of business cycles due to various exogenous periodic shocks.

Adolescents\u2019 physical activity: cross-national comparisons of levels, distributions and disparities across 52 countries

BackgroundDespite global concerns regarding physical inactivity, limited cross-national evidence exists to compare adolescents’ physical activity participation. We analysed data from 52 high- and low-middle income countries, with activity undertaken inside and outside of school in 2015. We investigated gender and socioeconomic disparities, and additionally examined correlations with country-level indices of physical education (PE) curriculum time allocation, wealth, and income inequality.MethodsWe compared adolescents’ reported activity levels inside and outside of school using nationally representative cross-sectional data from 52 high- and low-middle income countries (N = 347,935)—the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2015. Students reported average attendance (days/week) in PE classes, and the days/week engaged in moderate activity (MPA) and vigorous activity (VPA) outside of school. We also compared gender and socioeconomic disparities, and additionally examined correlations with purported determinants—country-level estimates of PE curriculum time allocation, wealth, and income inequality.ResultsAverage activity levels differed substantially both between and within regions, with potentially important differences in distributions identified—such as a bimodal distribution in the U.S. and Canada in PE. Males were more active than females, as were those from households with higher rather than lower household wealth; these disparities were modest for PE, but higher for moderate and vigorous activity outside school—there was strong evidence for heterogeneity in the magnitude of these disparities (e.g., I2 > 95% for gender differences across all countries). PE class attendance was positively correlated with PE curriculum time allocation (rho = 0.36); activity outcomes were inconsistently associated with country-level wealth and income inequality.ConclusionsOur findings reveal extensive cross-country differences in adolescents’ physical activity; in turn, these highlight policy areas that could ultimately improve global adolescent health, such as the incorporation of minimum country-level PE classes, and the targeting of gender and socioeconomic disparities in activity conducted outside of school. Our findings also highlight the utility of educational databases such as PISA for use in global population health research.

Women, assets, and formal savings: A comparative analysis of Ecuador, Ghana and India

AbstractMotivationSavings are an important but often overlooked component of financial inclusion. While women are less active than men in the formal financial sector there is little understanding about their ability to accumulate savings.PurposeWe hypothesize that a woman’s individual economic status, measured by her property ownership, is an important driver of her ability to save.Approach and MethodsWomen are considered as savers in the formal sector only if they have savings above a minimum threshold. Three measures of women’s asset ownership are used: two capture their absolute property status and one their relative status in the household. The data are obtained from three large‐scale surveys that collected individual‐level asset data in Ecuador, Ghana and the Indian state of Karnataka. Logistic regression models are employed to examine the relationship between women’s property ownership and accumulation of savings.FindingsThe absolute value of a woman’s physical assets and her share of household physical wealth are correlated with being able to accumulate formal savings. Women’s relative wealth status is more strongly related to their savings, along with education, paid employment and group membership.ConclusionsWomen’s intrahousehold status, defined by their relative wealth, is critical to determining their ability to save in formal accounts.Policy ImplicationsInterventions that boost women’s bargaining power, by increasing their property ownership, should be encouraged, along with greater efforts to improve girls’ access to quality education. Functional literacy training for older women can both reduce barriers to accessing financial institutions and create awareness of their benefits. Constraints to women’s participation in the labour force should be removed in tandem with interventions to reduce gender earnings gaps.

CITIZEN KNOWLEDGE AND READINESS FOR DISASTERS IN THE BALKANS

With the beginning of the twenty-first century, further emphasis is placed on the global challenges in terms of security in the environment in which we live. All countries around the world are exposed to dangers which, in varying degrees and proportions, pose a threat to the individual country's physical security, wealth and interests. Such events, including natural and man-made disasters, usually create the need for large human capacities. The costs of disasters in terms of money, human suffering and effort, and lost resources can be devastating. Such threats are a diverse combination of natural forces and human actions. They can be direct and indirect. It’s not by chance that nature responds harshly to man’s activities. This includes unwise industrial, commercial, household and agricultural activities. As human beings, we build on flood plains or earthquake fault lines, make changes to riverbeds, construct sewage systems, create roads and buildings without urban planning, and cut down forests without reforesting. Air pollution, water pollution and the environment generally jeopardize the lives of people and other living things. If our activities do not cause disasters, they make response to disasters worse when they happen. Although disasters cannot be prevented or controlled in most cases, it is obvious that citizens be prepared either individually or in groups, in families, or as healthcare workers and community organizations to mitigate and lessen the damage and, when the disaster happens, to create a successful response. Knowledge is key to understanding and effectively responding to disasters of any kind. Knowledge also improves resilience – the capacity to bounce back after a disaster. Before we blame nature for disasters, we must first answer questions about our knowledge and preparation as individuals, families, and communities to respond to catastrophes. This paper examines citizen knowledge and readiness in the Balkan region for disasters. It proposes citizen emergency preparedness training (following a model used in the United States) as a means of responding to the gap in knowledge and preparation.

Socioeconomic trajectories of body mass index and waist circumference: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

ObjectivesTo explore age trajectories of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and to examine whether these trajectories varied by wealth.DesignNationally representative prospective cohort study.SettingObservational study of people living...

Problematika Konsep Kafa’ah dalam Fiqih (Kritik dan Reinterpretasi)

The concept of kafaah (equality) in Islamic marriage aims to avoid the negative impact of inequality between husband and wife in terms of physical appearance, heredity, wealth, and religion. Nonetheless, the aspect of equality in various respects may trigger a negative effect; it is caste as a closed social stratification system that contradicts Islamic teachings. This present study aims to explore the problematic factors that emerge from the application of the kafaah concept and tries to reconceptualize kafaah in realizing an Islamic marriage that does not characterize a caste system. A qualitative approach was designed in this library research. The findings expose that the criteria in the concept of kafaah, excluding religion, may lead to social stratification and even discrimination in society, specifically for marital life. Consequently, it is noteworthy to re-understand the concept of kafaah, which is emphasized more on religion rather than other criteria.

EDUCATION THOUGHT OF IBNU MISKAWAIH

This study aims to know about education based on Ibnu Miskawaih thought. In its analysis, it uses library research approach, analyzing science sources. In this journal, all data are treated and probed from several books, articles, magazines, as well as data from internet which have a relation with the main analysis. Ibnu Miskawaih believes that ethics education is a prime education for human (anna ṣina’ah al-akhlāq afḍal al-shinā’at kullihā), and it is because someone’s ethics can be said as a human (bi tajdīd af’āl al-insān bi mā huwa insān). Education is a process of an establishment process from human’s character towards a virtue, a correction of badness, and improvement process to be better. As Syauqi Beik said in his wisdom words, “Indeed, the people and the nation is very dependent on morals, if good, then the nation will be strong, if it is damaged it will destroy the nation”. It is a strong reason why Ibnu Miskawaih more emphasizes moral education for human development. Literally, human development is soul development with virtue (ahsan taqwīm), it is comparable with physical pleasure, wealth, and power. Human’s life is not life of zuhud and rejection, but it is about compromise and canalization, between body and spirit demands. A Wiseman does not put his priority on world pleasure, but relate it into spiritual pleasure with ethics as the guard. So that, based on Ibnu Miskawaih education thought, he states if someone’s education is higher so his character will be better too.

Loneliness as a risk factor for care home admission in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

loneliness has an adverse effect on health and well-being, and is common at older ages. Evidence that it is a risk factor for care home admission is sparse. to investigate the association between loneliness and care home admission. English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). two-hundred fifty-four individuals across seven waves (2002-15) of ELSA who moved into care homes were age, sex matched to four randomly selected individuals who remained in the community. logistic regression models examined associations between loneliness, socio-demographic factors, functional status and health on moving into care homes. loneliness (measured by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale and a single-item question from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)) was associated with moving into a care home (CES-D OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.43-3.17, P = 0.0002, UCLA OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.01-3.27, P = 0.05). The association persisted after adjusting for established predictors (age, sex, social isolation, depression, memory problems including diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, disability, long-term physical health and wealth). The impact of loneliness (measured by CES-D) on admission accounted for a population attributable fraction of 19.9% (95% CI 7.8-30.4%). loneliness conveys an independent risk of care home admission that, unlike other risk factors, may be amenable to modification. Tackling loneliness amongst older adults may be a way of enhancing wellbeing and delaying or reducing the demand for institutional care.