Methods Of Physical Training Research Articles

ANÁLISE DE FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS A LESÕES EM PRATICANTES DE CROSSFIT: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

CrossFit is a high-intensity physical training method that aims to develop skills in ten areas of physical fitness. The practice of this training has been associated with a higher incidence of injuries, especially among men, who tend to seek less guidance from instructors. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for injuries in CrossFit practitioners, through a literature review, and to explore physiotherapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing the performance of athletes and students. Data was collected between September and October 2024, using the VHL, PubMed and LILACS databases, from 2016 to 2024. There were 17 articles (3 in BVS, 12 in PubMed and 2 in LILACS), in the end, 7 articles were considered suitable for analysis. The results showed that the common risk factors for injuries in CrossFit practitioners involve muscle overload and joint problems, the results also indicated effective physiotherapeutic approaches to enhance the athletes' performance. In conclusion, the study highlighted the importance of physiotherapeutic approaches to prevent and treat injuries in CrossFit athletes. The correct technical execution of exercises, combined with targeted physiotherapeutic interventions, is essential in reducing risks and improving athletes' performance.

Physical Training Methods to Improve the Physical Condition Components of Elite Taekwondo Athletes in The Kyorugi Category: A Systematic Review

Objectives. The study aimed to provide a systematic review of physical training methods to improve the physical condition components of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. Materials and methods. An extensive literature assessment of earlier research was carried out. The objective was to examine articles published between 2020 and 2024 that describe strategies for improving the physical condition component of taekwondo athletes. The electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The articles that addressed methods for enhancing physical condition through exercise were compiled. Results. Sixty publications used training approaches to enhance the physical condition component of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. Based on the physical state that is assessed and improved, items are categorized. Among the physical training methods that can be applied in the Taekwondo category of kyorugi are plyometric training, circuit training methods, speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ) training; strength training, endurance training, flexibility training, reaction training, power training, coordination training, balance training, resistance training, and functional training. Conclusions. After thorough analysis, several training techniques have been shown to be effective in enhancing the physical attributes of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. These attributes include flexibility, response, strength, power, coordination, agility, speed, balance, and VO₂max.

Indirect markers of muscle damage in military physical training session with neuromuscular and aerobic exercises in circuit (Cross operational): acute effects and recoverability

The Brazilian army recently developed the military physical training “Cross Operational” (CO), composed of four different difficulty levels. The moderate/high intensity character of CO can damage the muscle fibers, characterized by alterations at the cellular level, which can be evaluated indirectly by intramuscular proteins showing up in the bloodstream. In this context, the analysis of muscle damage biomarkers can be used as part of an initial injury prevention tool and in the evaluation of training progression and post-exercise recovery. This study aimed to observe the acute effect of CO on indirect markers of muscle damage in military personnel of the Brazilian army. Twenty-four male recruits aged between 18 and 26 years participated in the study. The four sessions corresponding to the CO levels were performed in cross-design, with a seven-day washout period, and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours after each training session. The measured markers were creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In all CO levels, CK had a significant increase 24 hours after CO, whereas Mb and LDH incresead immediately after CO. Regarding recovery time, LDH returned to baseline values within 48 hours in all levels, whereas CK and Mb, after 48 hours of recovery, reduced but did not return to baseline in level 4. The serum elevations of the biomarkers studied, like those found in studies with other consolidated physical training methods, suggest that CO can contribute to the improvement of the physical training of military personnel.

The Effectiveness of Inpatient Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Recent Studies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disease, which is associated with the loss of activities of daily living independency. Several rehabilitation options have been studied during the last years, to improve mobility and independency. This systematic review will focus on inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation (MR) in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), based on recent studies from 2020 onwards. Search strategy in three databases included: multidisciplinary rehabilitation, Parkinson's Disease, inpatient rehabilitation, motor-, functional- and cognitive performance, cost-effectiveness, Quality of Life, and medication changes/Levodopa equivalent daily doses. Twenty-two studies were included, consisting of 13 studies dealing with inpatient MR and 9 studies on inpatient non-MR interventions. Inpatient PD multidisciplinary rehabilitation proved to be effective, as well as non-MR rehabilitation. This review confirms the efficacy of inpatient MR and non-MR in PD, but is skeptical about the past and current study designs. New study designs, including new physical training methods, more attention to medication and costs, new biomarkers, artificial intelligence, and the use of wearables, will hopefully change rehabilitation trials in PwPD in the future.

Performance Enhancement Strategies For Badminton Athletes: A Systematic Review

Badminton has become one of the most popular sports globally, with competition intensifying at various levels of competition. This research aims to conduct a systematic review of the strategies used to improve the performance of badminton athletes. By understanding effective strategies, coaches, and athletes can improve their preparation and performance in competition. A systematic method was used to identify and analyze literature related to training strategies, nutrition, recovery, and psychological aspects that affect the performance of badminton athletes. Relevant articles were searched through academic databases and reliable reference sources. Predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select studies that met the review objectives. The results of the review showed that various strategies have been used to improve the performance of badminton athletes. These strategies include physical training methods, game tactics, nutritional interventions, recovery strategies, and psychological approaches. Some strategies were found to have a significant effect on improving athlete performance, while others require more research for further validation. In the context of improving the performance of badminton athletes, this review concludes that various training strategies, the use of modern technology, nutrition, recovery, and psychological approaches can be effective in improving athlete performance. The importance of implementing these strategies in athletes' training and preparation programs cannot be doubted. However, it should also be kept in mind that the use of appropriate strategies should be tailored to the needs of the individual and the phase of competition preparation. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the specific strategies that are most effective in the badminton context, as well as to validate these findings in a practical setting. Keywords: Badminton, Performance, Strategy, Systematic Review

Impact of a 12-wk physical conditioning program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets.

Flight cadets need to have good physical fitness to cope with the challenges of flying missions. The continuous development of science and technology has led to the constant upgrading of fighter jets and the improvement of their performance, which has resulted in new and higher requirements for the physical fitness of flight personnel. The traditional physical training mode, method, and assessment have been used for many years and do not meet current fitness needs. To investigate the impact of a 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets and to evaluate its effectiveness. Fifty-five cadets were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups using a randomized, single-blind design. The control group maintained their existing training regimen, while the experimental group participated in a 12-wk comprehensive training intervention. The training program comprised strength training twice per week, high-intensity interval training three times per week, and supplemental nutritional and psychological support. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lower limb strength, and hemoglobin levels were measured at baseline, at 6 wk and 12 wk post-intervention. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences of both VO2max and relative VO2 in both groups across time points (P < 0.05). However, no significant time-group interaction was observed (P > 0.05). Paired t-tests comparing baseline and 12-wk results showed that VO2max and relative VO2 were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). This suggests that the training program effectively enhanced the aerobic capacity of the experimental group. Key indicators of aerobic capacity, bilateral lower limb strength and hemoglobin levels, were also significantly different over time and between groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in heart-rate metrics (P > 0.05). A 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program significantly improved the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets, thereby enhancing their overall capacity and laying a physiological foundation for enduring high-G flights.

Means and methods of physical training of 15-16 year old hockey goalkeepers on the basis of acrobatic exercises

Means and methods of physical training of 15-16 year old hockey goalkeepers on the basis of acrobatic exercises

Effects of combining a high-intensity interval training programme with a standard programme on mobility and function in lower limb amputees.

High-energy expenditure during walking is one of the most important limiting factors for lower limb amputees. Although several physical training methods have been proposed to reduce energy expenditure, little is known about the effects of high-intensity interval training in lower limb amputees. This study aimed to test the effects of a 6-week high-intensity interval training protocol in subjects with lower limb amputation on walking distance, physiological cost of walking, and functional mobility. A quasi-experimental pre and post-study included 13 subjects with lower limb amputation. They performed 12 sessions of a high-intensity interval training protocol with a frequency of 2 days/week for 6 weeks. Walking distance, physiological cost of walking, and functional mobility before and after the training protocol were assessed. Walking distance increased from 204.48 to 229.09 m ( P = 0.003), physiological cost of walking decreased from 0.66 to 0.31 beats/m ( P = 0.001), and functional mobility improved from 30.38 to 33.61 points ( P = 0.001). High-intensity interval training improved walking distance, physiological cost of walking, and functional mobility in subjects with lower limb amputation.

Exergames as an Effective Alternative to Real Environmental Tennis Training for Adolescents.

(1) Background: The popularity of motion-sensing computer-based games, like virtual reality (VR) exergames, is increasing among adolescents. However, their efficacy compared to conventional physical training methods remains unclear. This study investigated whether VR exergames produce effects on reaction time (RT) comparable to traditional tennis training in school-aged adolescents. (2) Methods: In total, 130 adolescents (mean age: 15.6 ± 2.0 years; 67 boys: 15.5 ± 2.2 years; 63 girls: 15.7 ± 1.8 years) were recruited in schools and assigned to one of three groups: VR exergame (G1, n = 39), tennis training (G2, n = 25), or control (G3, n = 66). Participants' RTs were evaluated before and after the interventions. G1 engaged in VR exergames for 8 min, G2 underwent traditional tennis training for 30 min, and G3 did not participate in any physical activity. (3) Results: Our results indicated that in G3, girls exhibited slower RTs compared to boys (p < 0.0). No differences were observed in RTs when comparing G1 and G2. (4) Conclusions: Sex appeared to influence RT, with girls showing slower RTs than boys in G3. The findings suggest that VR exergames and traditional tennis training have similar impacts on RT. This indicates the potential of VR exergames as an alternative to conventional physical training for improving RT in adolescents.

The Effects of Crossfit Training Program on Promoting Physical Fitness Towards a Training Program for Guangdong University Basketball League Players

In this paper, 20 basketball players from each of the three universities who participated in the Guangdong University Basketball League, total 60 persons, were used as experimental subjects. Each university was divided into an experimental group of 10 players and a control group of 10 players for a 12-week comparison experiment. The experimental group was trained using CrossFit program and the control group was trained using traditional physical training methods. The six indexes of body shape, strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and agility were taken as the physical fitness evaluation indexes, and the corresponding test items were body fat percentage, standing long jump, bench press, squat, deadliftl, 3/4 full-court sprint run, 15×17 folding run, 3000 meters run, seated body flexion, and T-word agility test, a total of 10 test items. The data collected before and after the 12 weeks of training were statistically and analytically analysed through the use of EXCEL and SPSS26.0 software. To explore the effects of CrossFit training on athletes' physical fitness relative to traditional physical training. The purpose of the study is to combine CrossFit training with the characteristics of basketball, arrange and design a targeted training program, and help athletes of the Guangdong University Basketball League to improve their physical fitness and performance on the basketball court through scientific training means and methods. Conclusion: Before the CrossFit training program, there is no significant difference in the physical fitness index scores of body shape, strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and sensitivity between the control group and the experimental group, There is no significant difference between the physical status of the control group and the experimental group before the CrossFit training program; After the CrossFit training program, there are significant differences between the control group and the experimental group in terms of body shape, strength, speed, endurance. There were no significant differences in flexibility and sensitivity, but the experimental group improved more than the control group. There is a significant difference between the physical status of the control group and the experimental group after the CrossFit training program; There is no significant difference in the physical status of the control group before and after the experiment. There is a significant difference in the physical status of the experimental group before and after CrossFit training. CrossFit training program is more suitable for improving the physical fitness of college basketball players in Guangdong Province.

Physical training strategies for youngsters aged 6-7 years participating in football

The purpose of the study. Development and theoretical substantiation of methods of physical training for children aged 6–7 years playing football at the sports and recreational stage. Materials and methods. The study included a cohort of 12 children, aged 6-7 years, who were participants in the sports and leisure program of the Regional Institution of Educational Institution Belarusian State. The content and sequencing of physical training for children aged 6-7 years in football were determined based on data acquired from pedagogical testing in a sports and recreation group. Results. three motor readiness indicators, one physical readiness indicator, and two special motor readiness indicators all showed significant variability (ranging from 54 to 200%). Out of 171 potential interspecies links, the correlation analysis of the abilities of children aged 6 to 7 showed 18 connections. Conclusions. The physical training regimen for children aged 6-7 who play football is designed based on the specific characteristics of their age and unique development of motor, physical, and specialized motor skills ready. The physical training program at the sports and health stage consists of three modules that focus on addressing the issues related to developing fundamental movements, improving lagging physical and special motor qualities, and subsequently enhancing leading physical and special motor qualities.

Level of Instructional Domains on The Self- Efficacy of Gymanstics Teachers

Gymnastics is a sports activity that involves basic to challenging movements, physical exercises, and evaluation. It comprises of many forms of movements such as endurance, strength, flexibility, agility, and coordination, conducted on the floor or with the use of apparatus . As a physical training method, gymnastics improves functional body movement and teaches balance and spatial awareness, such as movement displacement, floated, balance, and weight transfer. Additionally, gymnastics offers the opportunity to create movements against gravity, enhancing fitness and skills. Moreover, gymnastics strengthens the body, maintains good physical condition, and develops good sports habits as well as improves learners' cognitive skills, shapes the body, promotes mental health, self-development, and lifelong sports consciousness. Gymnastics promotes various health and fitness benefits, well-being, and sporting prowess, making it an essential component of physical education.

The level of preparedness of military personnel for hand-to-hand combat

Abstract. In modern conditions, the military profession does not exclude activities related to the forcible detention of a criminal or aggressor. A serviceman who is proficient in hand-to-hand combat often achieves superiority over a physically stronger enemy who outnumbers him. In this case, the defenders use motor actions that, if properly directed and applied by internal and external forces, provide either a gain in strength or a gain in time. Naturally, in the process of special physical training (SPT) the issue of effective training of hand-to-hand combat techniques plays an important role in achieving a positive result in the performance of the task.&#x0D; The existing practice of special physical training in higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine shows that today, in the process of cadets' SPT, the rich material accumulated by specialists in the theory and methods of physical education and sports training is not yet fully used.&#x0D; The introduction of the latest technologies based on the use of hand-to-hand combat requires specialists to search for and apply innovative teaching methods and technologies, identify the most effective areas of the educational process that contribute to the achievement of a high professional level of students.

Analysis of the Problems and Countermeasures in College Students’ Physical Training of Martial Arts

Based on the actual situation of college students’ physical training of martial arts, this paper finds out the factors that are not conducive to the improvement of teaching effect, and puts forward concrete and feasible countermeasures, aiming to improve the physical training methods of college students and enable students to get progress and development from them.

Ефективність методики навчання спортивному орієнтуванню курсантів спеціальності артилерійська розвідка з урахуванням змагальної діяльності спортсменів-орієнтувальників

Success in a modern fast-paced and maneuverable battle requires the use of high-precision weapons, the effectiveness of which is possible with the use of satellite navigation systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc. At the same time, the experience of combat operations on the territory of Ukraine has shown that even if they cannot be used, and sometimes even in their absence, the ability to navigate with a conventional map is an important condition for the successful completion of a combat mission. The purpose of the study is to experimentally investigate the effectiveness of the methodology for teaching orienteering to cadets majoring in artillery intelligence, taking into account the requirements of competitive activity in the conditions of real training and competitive process of orienteering athletes. Material and methods of the research. To solve the tasks, we organized and conducted a pedagogical observation to determine the arsenal of means and methods of physical training of orienteering cadets in the process of studying at a military university and a pedagogical experiment to test the effectiveness of the physical training program for cadets majoring in artillery intelligence. There were 20 respondents, including 10 men of the artillery intelligence specialty with a minimum level of orienteering training (EO) and 10 male athletes who have been involved in orienteering for 2–3 years. The respondents are 18-25 years old (average age – 20.8±0.2). Results. It has been established that during the experiment there was a significant increase in the cadets’ fitness indicators compared to the beginning of the study. At the end of the study, the level of training of artillery cadets differs from athletes of the KMU and MSU level at a distance (sprint in the city by 28.9 %; sprint in the park by 37.7 %; extended distance in the forest by 26.4 %). Conclusions. The conducted research and analysis of the results showed that the level of preparedness of cadets specializing in artillery reconnaissance was significantly reduced compared to the beginning of the training process. At the end of the experiment, the training process was aimed more at developing endurance than at developing speed, which is important for performing tasks in real combat operations, and the cadets’ technical skills in map reading, which is necessary for their specialty of artillery reconnaissance, increased.

General physical training in Ukrainian national martial arts

The article deals with the issues of improving general physical training in Ukrainian martial arts. An analysis of modern approaches to the general physical training of martial artists was made. The content, methods and means of physical training in the Ukrainian national sports of Horting and Cossack fight are shown. The peculiarities of building the training process of athletes in the annual training cycle are revealed. The relationship between the indicators of the development of physical qualities and the stability of competitive results in Ukrainian national martial arts is analyzed. The choice of test exercises for determining the development of the main physical qualities of athletes in Ukrainian martial arts is substantiated. Differences in the level of development of the physical qualities of athletes are determined, depending on the competitive division in which they specialize. The prospects for the further development of Ukrainian national martial arts in Europe and the world are shown. Ukrainian martial arts compete with Eastern martial arts. Horting and Cossack fight use modern methods of general and special physical training in the training process. Sports science conducts fundamental research of Ukrainian national sports martial arts.

Recreational games in military and sports all-around competition

The purpose of our research is to identify the theoretical and methodological aspects of conducting training and health classes for young fighters-all-rounders at the stage of initial training. In the course of the research, the method of analysis and generalization of literary sources was used. The analysis of scientific and methodical literature indicates a lack of knowledge regarding the theoretical and methodological foundations of conducting recreational games in military and sports all-around competition for further mastery of such sections as: running for short and medium distances, swimming, all-style combat. One of the most effective means of influencing children's bodies to improve their health is the use of games, because they contribute to the improvement and acceleration of the process of learning exercise techniques, make it possible to overcome fear and create prerequisites for effective training and health activities.&#x0D; A conscious attitude to the game stimulates the individual not only to reproductive (reproductive), but also to productive (independent, creative) thinking. Awareness of oneself in the game increases the effectiveness of learning, helps to form oneself faster and easier in various conditions of our time. The features of these games are determined by a wide range of factors: national, religious and folk traditions.&#x0D; A mobile game is a conscious activity aimed at achieving a set goal. As a means of recreation, it has a number of qualities, among which high emotionality occupies the most important place. Movement games are characterized by creative, active movement actions motivated by the plot. They are aimed at overcoming various difficulties on the way to achieving the set goal.&#x0D; Conclusions: the data on the peculiarities of the use of means and methods of physical training of young fighters-all- rounders engaged in military and sports all-around competition at the stage of initial training have been supplemented.

Physical Activity Training Methods to Improve the Physical Condition of Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review

Study purpose. The study was aimed to identify exercise techniques used to improve the physical condition of volleyball players through literature studies. Materials and methods. A systematic review of these previous studies was conducted. We studied articles published between 2014 and 2023 that explained how to prepare volleyball players to have better physical condition. Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were used for the electronic search. We collected all the articles that discussed how to improve physical performance through exercise. Results. To improve the physical condition of volleyball players, 50 publications used exercise techniques, which were categorized based on the physical condition that was evaluated and repaired. The following techniques are some of the ones that can be used: Neuromuscular, unilateral and bilateral, ballistic, plyometric exercises, combined weight and plyometric, mixed training with optimal load, COD &amp; plyometric complex, strength, combined strength, eccentric trainings, repetitive sprint, resistant/non-resistant sprint, resistance training, exercises with elastic band, core training, combined core training; small-sided games training, aerobic interval training, blood flow restriction, intermittent training, and anaerobic speed endurance. Conclusions. Following a thorough analysis, a number of training regimens were found to be effective in enhancing volleyball players’ physical attributes, including muscular strength, aerobic and anaerobic endurance, speed and acceleration, explosive power, flexibility, agility, and balance.

Modeling of assessment criteria of physical fitness of sports radio direction finders at the stage of specialized basic training

The purpose of the article: to determine the dynamics of constructed mathematical models of indicators of physical fitness of sports radio direction finders at the stage of specialized basic training based on the results of pedagogical control. The methodology of the process of developing evaluation criteria of physical fitness of athletes from radio direction finding is based on the use of mathematical models for analysis, description and forecasting of their parameters. The process of modeling the evaluation criteria of physical fitness included the following stages: definition of the goal and tasks; selection of motor tests; choice of methods; building a model; checking its effectiveness; optimization and correction of the model; terms of use. The scientific novelty consists in the development of means and methods of physical training, the determination of data on the dynamics of the development of general and special motor qualities, the construction of models for evaluating the results of motor testing of young radio direction finders based on regression analysis, which allows modeling the relationship between the dependent variable (Y – evaluation points on the DCOLIFK scale and independent variables (X₁, X₂, ... Xn – quantitative results of motor testing). Assessment of the adequacy of the built models during the pedagogical experiment was carried out according to the coefficient of determination (R2). Conclusion. Constructed models of the dependence of the score on the DCOLIFK scale and the quantitative indicators of motor testing allowed for their interpretation, which includes the consideration of each regression coefficient and the assessment of their influence on the dependent variable, the optimization of the constructed models was carried out in order to determine the influence of each independent variable on Y, forecasting the level physical training based on the results of motor testing.

Benefits and risk of using crossfit training to the process of physical training of military specialists

The physical preparation of military personnel remains a pertinent focus of scientific inquiry in the development of a contemporary army. This necessitates the exploration of effective fitness training approaches that contribute to crafting an efficient methodology for the physical readiness of military specialists. CrossFit emerges as a popular and effective direction capable of addressing this challenge. Analysis has permitted the synthesis of information about the essence of CrossFit as a high-intensity method of physical training, highlighting its advantages in enhancing the physical fitness and functional readiness of military personnel. Despite the potential benefits and accessibility of CrossFit, caution is warranted regarding its integration into the military’s physical training system due to the heightened risk of injuries, which could impact the quality of their professional duties. Therefore, a meticulous examination of CrossFit training specifics is imperative, taking into account the unique demands and fitness requirements of military personnel. The availability of CrossFit exercises enables the creation of flexible training programs using block planning within a macrocycle duration. This facilitates the al ternating focus of training and the comprehensive execution of military physical training tasks. Implementing CrossFit in military physical training should consider the peculiarities of the profession and the contextual conditions, adhering to safety protocols during exercise execution. This necessitates careful attention to mastering the rational technique of exercises. The selection of training modes should align with the training objectives and the current functional status and fitness level of military personnel. Overall, CrossFit proves to be an effective tool for physical training, with successful integration possible if methodological adherence is maintained, thereby unlocking its advantages for addressing the physical training needs of the army.