Effects Of Physical Training Research Articles

Effects of outdoor physical training on VO₂max, endurance, and power in male Sports Science students

Background: Physical fitness is a key component of overall health, particularly for students in physical education programs. Outdoor-based physical training has been explored to enhance specific fitness components, including VO2max, muscle endurance, and leg explosive power. However, evidence on its effectiveness remains limited, particularly in areas such as leg power. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week outdoor-based physical training program on VO2max, arm muscle endurance, abdominal endurance, and leg muscle power in first-year male students. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. Thirty-three first-year students from the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation program at Bung Hatta University were selected using purposive sampling. Physical fitness was assessed before and after the intervention. The following tests were used: VO2max via the bleep test, arm endurance with the 1-minute push-up test, abdominal endurance with the 1-minute sit-up test, and leg power with the standing broad jump test. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, conducted with Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25. Results: Significant improvements were observed in VO2max (t = -9.077, p < 0.001), arm endurance (t = -8.433, p < .001), and abdominal endurance (t = -6.571, p < 0.001). However, no significant change was found in leg muscle power (t = 0.924, p = 0.362). Conclusion: Outdoor-based physical training effectively enhances VO2max and muscle endurance. However, it may require a longer duration or increased intensity to improve leg explosive power. This differentiates the program from conventional indoor training methods by emphasizing adaptability and engagement in outdoor settings. Further adjustments to the training program are recommended to optimize overall physical fitness improvements.

Research on the application of sports biomechanics in optimizing the effect of physical training

Research on the application of sports biomechanics in optimizing the effect of physical training

Effects of eight-week aerobic and resistance training on health self-efficacy, body image, and well-being in college students.

This study explored the effects of innovative physical training during COVID-19 periods on college students' health self-efficacy, body image, and subjective well-being. Forty-one students were recruited through convenience sampling and assigned to three exercise groups (i.e., aerobic plus resistance exercise [AE+RE], resistance plus aerobic exercise [RE+AE], and traditional dispersed aerobic plus resistance exercise [control]). The intervention sessions for each group were conducted 3 days per week for 30 min per session. The control group participated in a traditional exercise program comprising 5 days per week. Study results indicated that all three types of physical training programs effectively improved the participants' health self-efficacy (P<0.05). Female students scored significantly higher on health self-efficacy, body image, and subjective well-being than male students (P<0.05). The AE+RE group scored significantly higher on body image and subjective well-being than did the other two groups (RE+AE and control, P<0.05). This study provides valuable insights that can assist in developing innovative physical education courses at higher education institutions to improve body satisfaction and well-being for the college students.

Effect of 12-week physical training on fat reduction of college students

Effect of 12-week physical training on fat reduction of college students

Design and Implementation of Sports Network Teaching Platform Based on Discrete Similarity Method

Sport is the most important topic in education, which individually shows motor skills in health activities. Athletic training should focus graduates on sports, low-involvement task activities, and physical fitness or exercise. Teaching concepts and methodologies are innovative, coaching methods and procedures, evaluation of coaching sessions in sports-all this is accompanied by development in the sports hall and successful improvement of sports performance. Here, he provides extraordinary assistance to students by predicting early school leaving and improving the potential application of wireless platforms in sports programs and changing the nature of sports, including visualization and repetition, and incorporating it into sports training. A sports network learning platform based on the discrete similarity approach is proposed for design and implementation in this paper. First, data is collected from a real-time data set. After that, the data submitted for preprocessing removes noise and imperfect records, which can be removed using a global constant or a most likely learning method using an Adaptive Savitsky-Golay Filtering (ASGF) method. The preprocessing method is fed into the feature extraction utilizing Multi‐Hypothesis Fuzzy‐Matching Radon Transform (MHFMRT). MHFMRT extract statistical features such us kurtosis, variance, energy, mean and standard deviation. Then, the Similarity-Based Convolutional Neural Network (SBCNN) method is optimized by the Chaotic Satin Bower Bird Optimization (CSBBO) algorithm, which effectively classifies the visualization and a satisfactory training platform of the sports network. The proposed system is executed in the MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB) platform and the performance of the proposed methods attains 28.5%, 27.9% and 29.5% higher accuracy, 28%, 21% and 26.5% higher precision, 21.2%, 28.75% and 21.3% higher recall compared with the existing methods like Recurrent Neural model to analyze the effect of Physical Training and Treatment in Relation to Sports Injuries (PTT-RSI-RNN), recognizing Sports Activities from Video Frames using Deformable Convolution and Adaptive Multiscale Features (SAVF-DCN) and Sports Match Prediction model for training and Exercise using attention-based LSTM network (SMPE-LSTM) respectively

Female athletes: a state-of-the-art review of multiorgan influence of exercise training.

Endurance sports have witnessed an increase in female participation, demanding a constant and evolving reassessment of the specific physiological and health implications of female athletes. In the present review, we analyze cardiovascular, hematological adaptations and anthropometry and hormonal fluctuations highlighting sex-specific differences in response to exercise, with estrogen playing a fundamental role in modulating body composition and metabolic processes. Nutritional aspects, in particular energy availability, macronutrient distribution and hydration, are fundamental in supporting training demands and menstrual function. Nevertheless, the repercussions of nutritional deficiencies, interacting in the female athlete triad - which also includes amenorrhea, osteoporosis and eating disorders - underline the importance of comprehensive management strategies. In addition, we comprehensively discuss the multiorgan effects of physical training, highlighting the intersections between sex-specific differences, nutritional needs, and cardiovascular adaptations. Cardiovascular remodeling in female endurance athletes reveals both morphological and functional adaptations, requiring a deep understanding of effective cardiovascular risk assessment and screening. The synthesis of current knowledge highlights the complexity of the physiological landscape of the female athlete practicing endurance sports, requiring ongoing exploration and tailored interventions. In conclusion, this review aims to support a gender-based approach to athletic training and health management and research, intending to optimize performance while safeguarding the well-being of female athletes.

The Effect of Physical Ergonomics Training on Sleep Quality and Musculoskeletal System Problems in Factory Workers

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of physical ergonomics training on sleep quality and musculoskeletal issues among factory workers. Method: Twenty-five factory employees aged 18-60, without neurological or emotional issues, participated. Data collection at baseline included a demographic form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. Following physical ergonomics training, these assessments were repeated after four weeks. Continuous data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0, with distribution differences tested by Kruskal-Wallis and Shapiro-Wilk methods. The Wilcoxon method determined any significant changes in non-normally distributed variables between initial and final measures. Results: A significant improvement in PSQI scores (p=0.002) indicated enhanced sleep quality post-intervention. In the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort data, a statistically significant reduction in neck pain was noted following training, while reductions in shoulder, back, and lumbar pain levels were not statistically significant. Although average score changes in the hip, upper and lower legs, knees, and feet suggested a trend in improvement, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings suggest that physical ergonomics training could improve sleep quality and potentially reduce musculoskeletal discomfort among factory workers, highlighting its value for workplace health interventions.

Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy to Improve Cerebrovascular Function and Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer globally. While the breast cancer prevalence continues to rise, so too do patient survival rates, thus resulting in a large survivor population. Up to 75% of this population report experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment during their cancer journey, thus reducing their quality of survivorship. This review systematically evaluates the effect of physical activity and exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors. Cross-sectional, intervention or observational studies that examined the effect of acute or chronic exercise training or physical activity levels on cerebrovascular function and cognition in female breast cancer survivors were searched for systematically. The 11 included studies were tabulated and described narratively. The included studies primarily focused on aerobic exercise training, while only four studies investigated the effect of resistance exercise training or concurrent training on cerebrovascular function and/or cognition in breast cancer survivors. Collectively, these studies provide preliminary evidence supporting the positive effect of exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors, irrespective of their age, stage of breast cancer and treatment regimen. However, more research is required to comprehensively evaluate the effect of exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors and the mechanisms leading to these potential improvements.

Effectiveness of Health-Based Physical Fitness Training in High School Students

Effectiveness of Health-Based Physical Fitness Training in High School Students

Innovation in physical education teaching based on biomechanics feedback: Design and evaluation of personalized training programs

Psychometric training is a learning and development process that is tied to the requirements and interests of individual learners. The effectiveness and the fun of workout practices can be greatly enhanced by using more personal methods in training. These programs entail tailoring workouts to the fitness level and aims of every participant, as well as their perception of the workout plans. The suggestion of this investigation is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of individual physical training for teachers focused on biomechanics feedback. Proper body alignment is crucial during any exercise to avoid injuries and achieve maximum results; it is always difficult to sustain correct posture. For motion tracking and to give real-time biomechanics feedback to the students in this study, a refined convolutional neural network (RCNN) has been presented. Filming was done using high-speed cameras and motion capture systems to capture biomechanical responses, which included joint angle, muscle activation patterns, and body posture during activities. This study involved 158 participants drawn from different learning institutions. This approach offers rational and specific feedback on the postures of the body; it enables people to correct themselves and sustain motivation without engaging a trainer. In this study, participants with different levels of fitness engaged with the interactive system were compared to the traditional training method. The result indicated a positive shift in the delivery of personalized training with biomechanics feedback on the system’s potential teaching aid in physical education classes. The study, thus underscores the importance of technology supporting change in physical education programs to improve the student’s learning experiences and their performance in exercises.

Effects of physical rehabilitation on pain perception and functional capabilities in individuals with osteoarthritis

Rehabilitation is widely recommended in national and international guidelines for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and is considered one of the main treatment strategies for patients with OA. Osteoarthritis rehabilitation includes physical exercise, strength training, weight-control, and self-control training and includes transitioning to an active lifestyle.A review of the effectiveness and safety of rehabilitation for the treatment of OA was conducted, and international evidence-based recommendations were analyzed. Physical therapy is widely recommended for the treatment of OA. In this review we focused on exercises on land and water, and strength training for OA. In general, evidence indicates that physical therapy and special strengthening exercises or strength training for the lower extremities can reduce pain and improve physical function in knee joint OA. Data from other OA localities are less reliable. Therefore, considering the lack of special studies, recommendations for treating hip and hand OA are based on studies on knee OA. In addition, no recommendations regarding the exercise regime have been developed. The effectiveness and safety of physical therapy and strength training should be further evaluated in randomized controlled trials involving patients with OA of the hip joint and hands. It is also necessary to define the optimal composition of exercise programs more clearly.A search of relevant literature was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane Database from 2014 to March 1, 2024. Exclusion criteria: absence of comparison groups; total number of study participants &lt;20 and premature termination of the study.

Effects of physical training on body weight, pulmonary function and dietary patterns in adolescents with obesity

Physical activity offers a powerful tool to address the challenges faced by obese teenagers. By promoting social inclusion, improving physical health, and boosting mental well-being, sports can significantly enhance their overall quality of life. Our research discusses the negative effects of obesity in adolescents and the benefits of a sports program when addressing these issues. The study involved 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) aged 14-16 for a period of eight months. Results showed significant weight loss for most participants: 26 participants lost around 10% of their body weight, another group lost around 8%, and only 4 subjects did not experience significant weight change. The study also observed a 9.5% improvement in motor skills on average. The mean weight loss difference between intervention and control was 9.30%. The study emphasizes the detrimental effects of obesity in adolescents and highlights the effectiveness of physical activity programs in promoting weight loss, enhancing respiratory function and induce healthy eating habits among obese adolescents. It also underscores the positive social and lifestyle benefits associated with regular physical activity. Keywords: physical activity; obesity; exercise; inclusion; nutrition

Chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition reduces the effects of physical training on ventricular contractility and coronary bed reactivity in hypertensive rats

Systemic arterial hypertension is accompanied by autonomic impairments that, if not contained, promotes cardiac functional and morphological damages. Pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) treatment results in positive effects on autonomic control and beneficial cardiac remodeling. These findings were also observed after aerobic physical training (APT). However, little is known about PYR effects on left ventricular contractility, mainly when it is combined with APT. We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition on cardiac autonomic tone balance, coronary bed reactivity, and left ventricular contractility in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted to APT. Male SHR (18 weeks) were divided into two groups (N = 16): untrained and submitted to APT for 14 weeks (18th to 32nd week). Half of each group was treated with PYR (15 mg/kg/day) for two weeks (31st to 32nd week). The experimental protocol consisted of recording hemodynamic parameters, double autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol, and assessment of coronary bed reactivity and ventricular contractility in isolated hearts using the Langendorff technique. PYR and APT reduced blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic influence on the heart. The Langendorff technique showed that APT increased coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricle contractility in response to coronary flow and β-agonist administration. However, treatment with PYR annulled the effects of APT. In conclusion, although chronic treatment with PYR reduces cardiac sympathetic tonic influence, it does not favor coronary bed reactivity and cardiac contractility gains. PYR treatment in the trained SHR group nullified the coronary vascular reactivity and cardiac contractility gains.

The effect of specific physical training on shooting in west Sumbawa district archery athletes

The effect of specific physical training on shooting in west Sumbawa district archery athletes

Physical readiness of scouts - as the main component of their professional activity

The existence of threats to national security, especially the territorial integrity of the country, requires the existence of such Armed Forces in Ukraine that could to ensure the complete security of our state in all situations. Analyzing the activities of reconnaissance specialists, the conditions of the present and the fighting on the territory of the state, we can say that recently a weak possession of personal small arms, hand-to-hand combat techniques, insufficient skills of servicemen to overcome existing engineering barriers, rubble, especially against the background of fatigue, have been revealed. At the same time, there is a lack of scientific, theoretical, theoretical and methodological justification of practical ways to achieve the physical readiness of military personnel, the presence of weak links in the system of their preparation for action in extreme conditions of combat activity. One of the reasons, in our opinion, is the imperfect and long-term solution of organizational issues regarding the introduction of a scientific approach to the physical training of servicemen of intelligence units in the conditions of warfare. Thus, the urgent issue remains the search for ways to increase the effectiveness of physical training of the reconnaissance units of the Armed Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and their implementation in the guidance documents on physical training.

Effects of physical training on coagulation parameters, interleukin-6, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in COVID-19 survivors

COVID-19 is a highly contagious virus that uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter human cells. The virus leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-6) and an impaired coagulation system, which can cause serious complications during and after the disease. Physical exercise has been shown to improve COVID-19 complications through various mechanisms, such as modulation of the immune and coagulation systems. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of training on inflammatory, coagulation, and physical factors in patients with COVID-19 during the recovery phase. Twenty-seven male and female volunteers (age 20–45 years) who recently recovered from COVID-19 were assigned to the control (n = 13) or the training group (n = 14). Blood samples, aerobic capacity and muscle endurance were collected 24 h before the start of the interventions and 24 h after the final training session in week 4 and 48 h after the final training session in week 8. IL-6, ACE2, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were measured using ELISA. The training group showed a significant increase in muscle endurance (p = 0.004) and aerobic capacity (p = 0.009) compared to the control group. Serum levels of IL-6 and fibrinogen decreased in the training group but this decrease was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Despite a slight increase in the quality of life and sleep in the training group, no statistically significant difference was observed between the training and the control group. It appears that physical training has beneficial effects on the coagulation system, inflammatory factors, and sleep quality and can facilitate the recovery of COVID-19 patients.

A hybrid interventional study to document remotely and at home the effect of physical training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The easy trial

A hybrid interventional study to document remotely and at home the effect of physical training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The easy trial

Effects of physical activity on self-efficacy of patients with bronchial asthma

Introduction: Due to higher exposures to fine dust, increased smoking and prevalence of obesity and stress, an increase in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma can be expected, which requires adequate, scientifically tested, alternative therapy methods. The current study investigated the effects of regular physical training on general and disease-specific self-efficacy. Materials and Methods: Overall 82 participants with mild to moderate medicated asthma (63% female, mean age = 41.88 ± 10.43 years) took part in the study. They were randomly divided into three groups: (1) no intervention, (2) progressive muscle relaxation and (3) physical activity intervention. Intervention lasted ten weeks with two units of physical activity or relaxation per week, each lasting 60min. Self-efficacy was measured using the German scales of general and COPD self-efficacy scales. Results: Analysis showed positive influence of group assignment and basic values on general self-efficacy with significant differences between physical activity intervention and control group (p &lt; .001). Conclusions: The present study underlies positive effects of physical activity on the subjective well-being of patients with bronchial asthma. Therefore, it is advisable to consider physical activity as an important component in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma.

Insights into interoceptive and emotional processing: Lessons from studies on insular HD-tDCS.

Interoception, the processing of internal bodily signals, is proposed as the fundamental mechanism underlying emotional experiences. Interoceptive and emotional processing appear distorted in psychiatric disorders. However, our understanding of the neural structures involved in both processes remains limited. To explore the feasibility of enhancing interoception and emotion, we conducted two studies using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) applied to the right anterior insula. In study one, we compared the effects of anodal HD-tDCS and sham tDCS on interoceptive abilities (sensibility, confidence, accuracy, emotional evaluation) in 52 healthy subjects. Study two additionally included physical activation through ergometer cycling at the beginning of HD-tDCS and examined changes in interoceptive and emotional processing in 39 healthy adults. In both studies, HD-tDCS was applied in a single-blind cross-over online design with two separate sessions. Study one yielded no significant effects of HD-tDCS on interoceptive dimensions. In study two, significant improvements in interoceptive sensibility and confidence were observed over time with physical preactivation, while no differential effects were found between sham and insula stimulation. The expected enhancement of interoceptive and emotional processing following insula stimulation was not observed. We conclude that HD-tDCS targeting the insula does not consistently increase interoceptive or emotional variables. The observed increase in interoceptive sensibility may be attributed to the activation of the interoceptive network through physical activity or training effects. Future research on HD-tDCS involving interoceptive network structures could benefit from protocols targeting larger regions within the network, rather than focusing solely on insula stimulation.

Investigating the Effect of Physical Training on Heart Rate Variability in Universit Male Players

This study aimed to assess the impact of physical training on heart rate variability (HRV) in male university ergo rowing athletes and middle- and long-distance track and field athletes. Ninety athletes, aged 19 to 25, underwent an intensive 8-week training program. HRV measurements were taken at baseline, after 4 weeks, and at the end of the 8 weeks using a Polar H10 strap. Results showed significant decreases in HRV across all sports: ergo rowing saw a 60% decrease, middle-distance events a 61% decrease, and long-distance events a 75% decrease from pre- to post-intervention. These reductions indicate a high physiological response to intensive exercise, suggesting that structured training positively affects autonomic function and cardiovascular health. The findings highlight the importance of physical training in maintaining autonomic balance and overall cardiovascular health in athletes.